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Parrot S, Corscadden A, Lallemant L, Benyamine H, Comte JC, Huguet-Lachon A, Gourdon G, Gomes-Pereira M. Defects in Mouse Cortical Glutamate Uptake Can Be Unveiled In Vivo by a Two-in-One Quantitative Microdialysis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:134-142. [PMID: 34923816 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular glutamate levels are maintained low by efficient transporters, whose dysfunction can cause neuronal hyperexcitability, excitotoxicity, and neurological disease. While many methods estimate glutamate uptake in vitro/ex vivo, a limited number of techniques address glutamate transport in vivo. Here, we used in vivo microdialysis in a two-in-one approach combining reverse dialysis of isotopic glutamate to measure uptake ability and zero-flow (ZF) methods to quantify extracellular glutamate levels. The complementarity of both techniques is discussed on methodological and anatomical basis. We used a transgenic mouse model of human disease, expressing low levels of the EAAT-2/GLT1 glutamate transporter, to validate our approach in a relevant animal model. As expected, isotopic analysis revealed an overall decrease in glutamate uptake, while the ZF method unveiled higher extracellular glutamate levels in these mice. We propose a sensitive and expedite two-in-one microdialysis approach that is sufficiently robust to reveal significant differences in neurotransmitter uptake and extracellular levels through the analysis of a relatively low number of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Parrot
- Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université de Lyon, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Bron F-69500, France
| | - Alex Corscadden
- Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université de Lyon, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Bron F-69500, France
| | - Louison Lallemant
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Hélène Benyamine
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Comte
- Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université de Lyon, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Bron F-69500, France
| | - Aline Huguet-Lachon
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Geneviève Gourdon
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
| | - Mário Gomes-Pereira
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris 75013, France
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Solís O, García-Sanz P, Herranz AS, Asensio MJ, Moratalla R. L-DOPA Reverses the Increased Free Amino Acids Tissue Levels Induced by Dopamine Depletion and Rises GABA and Tyrosine in the Striatum. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:67-75. [PMID: 26966009 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations in the cerebral levels of various amino acids are associated with neurological disorders, and previous studies have suggested that such alterations have a role in the motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. However, the direct effects of chronic L-DOPA treatment, that produces dyskinesia, on neural tissue amino acid concentrations have not been explored in detail. To evaluate whether striatal amino acid concentrations are altered in peak dose dyskinesia, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned hemiparkinsonian mice were treated chronically with L-DOPA and tissue amino acid concentrations were assessed by HPLC analysis. These experiments revealed that neither 6-OHDA nor L-DOPA treatment are able to alter glutamate in the striatum. However, glutamine increases after 6-OHDA and returns back to normal levels with L-DOPA treatment, suggesting increased striatal glutamatergic transmission with lack of dopamine. In addition, glycine and taurine levels are increased following dopamine denervation and restored to normal levels by L-DOPA. Interestingly, dyskinetic animals showed increased levels of GABA and tyrosine, while aspartate striatal tissue levels are not altered. Overall, our results indicate that chronic L-DOPA treatment, besides normalizing the altered levels of some amino acids after 6-OHDA, robustly increases striatal GABA and tyrosine levels which may in turn contribute to the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Solís
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Av. Dr. Arce 37, 28002, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia García-Sanz
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Av. Dr. Arce 37, 28002, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio S Herranz
- Servicio Neurobiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-José Asensio
- Servicio Neurobiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Av. Dr. Arce 37, 28002, Madrid, Spain. .,CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Cecioni S, Aouadi K, Guiard J, Parrot S, Strazielle N, Blondel S, Ghersi-Egea JF, Chapelle C, Denoroy L, Praly JP. Novel routes to either racemic or enantiopure α-amino-(4-hydroxy-pyrrolidin-3-yl)acetic acid derivatives and biological evaluation of a new promising pharmacological scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 98:237-49. [PMID: 26043161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cycloaddition between (+) or (-)-menthone-derived nitrones and N-benzyl-3-pyrroline afforded enantiopure spiro-fused heterocycles. The reaction occurred enantio- and diastereo-selectively on the less hindered side of the nitrone, the 3-pyrroline N-benzyl group being oriented outwards, thus controlling the configurations of three simultaneously created chiral centers. From either (+) or (-)-menthone, both enantiomeric cycloadducts were synthesized in excellent yield. Removing the chiral auxiliary and the N-benzyl group delivered a series of enantiopure 4-hydroxy-3-glycinyl-pyrrolidine derivatives in 3-5 steps and 36 to 81 overall yields. Using two other achiral nitrones, shorter routes to racemic analogues were developed. Two of the synthesized compounds markedly lowered extracellular glutamate level and modestly interacted with cannabinoid type-1 receptors. As these two neuroactive compounds were devoid of in vitro toxicity and did not cross the blood brain interface, they might represent potential pharmacological agents to target peripheral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Cecioni
- CNRS UMR 5246, Université Lyon1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Kaïss Aouadi
- CNRS UMR 5246, Université Lyon1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Julie Guiard
- CNRS UMR 5246, Université Lyon1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sandrine Parrot
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, NeuroDialyTics Unit, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Nathalie Strazielle
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Blood Brain Interfaces Exploratory Platform BIP, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Sandrine Blondel
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Blood Brain Interfaces Exploratory Platform BIP, Lyon F-69000, France
| | - Jean-François Ghersi-Egea
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Blood Brain Interfaces Exploratory Platform BIP, Lyon F-69000, France
| | | | - Luc Denoroy
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, NeuroDialyTics Unit, Lyon F-69000, France; INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, BioRaN, Lyon F-69000, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Praly
- CNRS UMR 5246, Université Lyon1, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Liu HG, Ma Y, Meng DW, Yang AC, Zhang JG. A rat model of hemidystonia induced by 3-nitropropionic acid. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79199. [PMID: 24194961 PMCID: PMC3806852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Secondary dystonia commonly presents as hemidystonia and is often refractory to current treatments. We aimed to establish an inducible rat model of hemidystonia utilizing 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) and to determine the pathophysiology of this model. METHODS Two different doses of 3-NP were stereotactically administered into the ipsilateral caudate putamen (CPu) of Wistar rats. Behavioral changes and alterations in the neurotransmitter levels in the basal ganglia were analyzed. We also performed an electromyogram, 7.0-T magnetic resonance imaging and transmission electron microscopy examination to determine the pathophysiology of the model. RESULTS In the CPu region, 3-NP produced mitochondrial cristae rupture, axonal degeneration, increased excitatory synaptic vesicles and necrosis. The extracellular concentrations of excitatory amino acids increased, whereas the inhibitory amino acids decreased in the CPu. Furthermore, an imbalance of neurotransmitters was found in other regions of the basal ganglia with the exception of the external globus pallidus. This study demonstrated that 3-NP administration results in CPu damage, and combined with a neurotransmitter imbalance in the basal ganglia, it produces specific neurobehavioral changes in rats. Right limb (contralateral side of CPu lesion) and trunk dystonic postures, shortened step length and ipsiversive dystonic posturing were observed in these rats. Furthermore, EMG recordings confirmed that co-contraction of the agonist and antagonist muscles could be seen for several seconds in right limbs. CONCLUSIONS Stereotactic injection of 3-NP into the ipsilateral CPu of rats established an inducible model for hemidystonia. This effect might result from an imbalance of neurotransmitter levels, which induce dysfunctional activity of the basal ganglia mainly via the cortico-striato-GPi direct pathway. Symptoms in this model were present for 1 week. Activation of the cortico-striato-GPe indirect pathway and rebalance of neurotransmitters may lead to recovery. This rat model may be a suitable tool used to understand and further investigate the pathophysiology of dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Guang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Wei Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - An-Chao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-guo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Fliegel S, Brand I, Spanagel R, Noori HR. Ethanol-induced alterations of amino acids measured by in vivo microdialysis in rats: a meta-analysis. In Silico Pharmacol 2013; 1:7. [PMID: 25505652 PMCID: PMC4230485 DOI: 10.1186/2193-9616-1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In recent years in vivo microdialysis has become an important method in research studies investigating the alterations of neurotransmitters in the extracellular fluid of the brain. Based on the major involvement of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in mediating a variety of alcohol effects in the mammalian brain, numerous microdialysis studies have focused on the dynamical behavior of these systems in response to alcohol. METHODS Here we performed multiple meta-analyses on published datasets from the rat brain: (i) we studied basal extracellular concentrations of glutamate and GABA in brain regions that belong to a neurocircuitry involved in neuropsychiatric diseases, especially in alcoholism (Noori et al., Addict Biol 17:827-864, 2012); (ii) we examined the effect of acute ethanol administration on glutamate and GABA levels within this network and (iii) we studied alcohol withdrawal-induced alterations in glutamate and GABA levels within this neurocircuitry. RESULTS For extraction of basal concentrations of these neurotransmitters, datasets of 6932 rats were analyzed and the absolute basal glutamate and GABA levels were estimated for 18 different brain sites. In response to different doses of acute ethanol administration, datasets of 529 rats were analyzed and a non-linear dose response (glutamate and GABA release) relationship was observed in several brain sites. Specifically, glutamate in the nucleus accumbens shows a decreasing logarithmic dose response curve. Finally, regression analysis of 11 published reports employing brain microdialysis experiments in 104 alcohol-dependent rats reveals very consistent augmented extracellular glutamate and GABA levels in various brain sites that correlate with the intensity of the withdrawal response were identified. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results provide standardized basal values for future experimental and in silico studies on neurotransmitter release in the rat brain and may be helpful to understand the effect of ethanol on neurotransmitter release. Furthermore, this study illustrates the benefit of meta-analyses using the generalization of a wide range of preclinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fliegel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ines Brand
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hamid R Noori
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
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Hamann M, Sohr R, Morgenstern R, Richter A. Extracellular amino acid levels in the striatum of the dt(sz) mutant, a model of paroxysmal dystonia. Neuroscience 2008; 157:188-95. [PMID: 18824218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of idiopathic dystonia is still unknown, but it is regarded as a basal ganglia disorder. Previous studies indicated an involvement of a striatal GABAergic disinhibition and a cortico-striatal glutamatergic overactivity in the manifestation of stress-inducible dystonic episodes in the dt(sz) hamster, a model of idiopathic paroxysmal dystonia. These investigations were carried out postmortem or in anesthetized animals. In the present study, in vivo microdialysis in conscious, freely-moving dt(sz) and non-dystonic control hamsters was used to examine the levels of GABA, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, glycine and taurine in each animal during following conditions: (1) at baseline in the absence of dystonia, (2) during an episode of paroxysmal dystonia precipitated by stressful stimuli, (3) during a recovery period and (4) at baseline after complete recovery. In comparison to non-dystonic controls, which were treated in the same manner as the dystonic animals, no differences could be detected under basal conditions. The induction of a dystonic episode in mutant hamsters led to higher contents of glycine in these animals in comparison to stressed but non-dystonic controls. Significant changes of glycine levels within the animal groups were not detected. The levels of the excitatory amino acids glutamate, glutamine and aspartate as well as the levels of the inhibitory amino acids GABA and taurine did not differ between the animal groups or between the periods of measurement. The higher levels of glycine might contribute to the manifestation of paroxysmal dystonia in dt(sz) hamsters, although unaltered glutamate, glutamine and aspartate levels do not support the hypothesis of a critical involvement of a cortico-striatal overactivity. It seems that a deficiency of GABAergic interneurons, found by previous immunohistochemical examinations, does not lead to reduced extracellular GABA levels in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hamann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstr. 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Ballini C, Corte LD, Pazzagli M, Colivicchi MA, Pepeu G, Tipton KF, Giovannini MG. Extracellular levels of brain aspartate, glutamate and GABA during an inhibitory avoidance response in the rat. J Neurochem 2008; 106:1035-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05452.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Schultz KN, Kennedy RT. Time-resolved microdialysis for in vivo neurochemical measurements and other applications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2008; 1:627-661. [PMID: 20636092 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.113047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring changes in chemical concentrations over time in complex environments is typically performed using sensors and spectroscopic techniques. Another approach is to couple sampling methods, such as microdialysis, with chromatographic, electrophoretic, or enzymatic assays. Recent advances of such coupling have enabled improvements in temporal resolution, multianalyte capability, and automation. In a sampling and analysis method, the temporal resolution is set by the mass sensitivity of the analytical method, analysis time, and zone dispersion during sampling. Coupling methods with high speed and mass sensitivity to microdialysis sampling help to reduce some of these contributions to yield methods with temporal resolution of seconds. These advances have been primarily used in monitoring neurotransmitters in vivo. This review covers the problems associated with chemical monitoring in the brain, recent advances in using microdialysis for time-resolved in vivo measurements, sample applications, and other potential applications of the technology such as determining reaction kinetics and process monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin N Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
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Rammouz G, Lacroix M, Garrigues JC, Poinsot V, Couderc F. The use of naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde for the analysis of primary amines using high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 2007; 21:1223-39. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Parrot S, Sauvinet V, Riban V, Depaulis A, Renaud B, Denoroy L. High temporal resolution for in vivo monitoring of neurotransmitters in awake epileptic rats using brain microdialysis and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Neurosci Methods 2004; 140:29-38. [PMID: 15589331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2003] [Accepted: 03/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A method for high temporal resolution monitoring of five neurotransmitters, dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), l-aspartate (L-Asp), in freely-moving rats using microdialysis and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIFD) was developed. An on-line device, including microdialysis and derivatization with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde, mixes the dialysate with derivatization reagents directly in the collection tube, i.e. with no reactor. Thereafter, collected derivatized samples are analyzed off-line with an automated CE system coupled to a LIFD using a 442 nm excitation. The sampling time was limited by the minimal volume required for the analysis by the automated CE system used: neurotransmitters could be determined in 667 nl dialysates (940 nl after derivatization), i.e. in samples collected every 20 s with a flow rate of 2 microl/min. The detection limits at the dialysis probe were 3 x 10(-9), 1 x 10(-9), 1.9 x 10(-8), 4.2 x 10(-7), 2.1 x 10(-7) mol/l for DA, NA, GABA, Glu and L-Asp, respectively. The protocol was validated using in vitro/in vivo tests and the performances--repeatability, linearity, characteristics of the probes--were determined. Finally, the high temporal resolution allowed the simultaneous monitoring of these neurotransmitters in rats with genetic absence epilepsy and revealed, for the first time, increases in GABA concentrations concomitantly with the seizures, detected when our new microdialysis method was combined to electroencephalographic recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Parrot
- Laboratoire de Neuropharmacologie et Neurochimie, INSERM U512, Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences de Lyon (IFR 19), Université Claude Bernard--Lyon I, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon 08, France
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