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Salem D, Fecek RJ. Role of microtubule actin crosslinking factor 1 (MACF1) in bipolar disorder pathophysiology and potential in lithium therapeutic mechanism. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:221. [PMID: 37353479 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) are life-long disorders that account for significant morbidity in afflicted patients. The etiology of BPAD is complex, combining genetic and environmental factors to increase the risk of disease. Genetic studies have pointed toward cytoskeletal dysfunction as a potential molecular mechanism through which BPAD may arise and have implicated proteins that regulate the cytoskeleton as risk factors. Microtubule actin crosslinking factor 1 (MACF1) is a giant cytoskeletal crosslinking protein that can coordinate the different aspects of the mammalian cytoskeleton with a wide variety of actions. In this review, we seek to highlight the functions of MACF1 in the nervous system and the molecular mechanisms leading to BPAD pathogenesis. We also offer a brief perspective on MACF1 and the role it may be playing in lithium's mechanism of action in treating BPAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Salem
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine at Seton Hill, Department of Microbiology, Greensburg, USA
- University of Maryland Medical Center/Sheppard Pratt Psychiatry Residency Program, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ronald J Fecek
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine at Seton Hill, Department of Microbiology, Greensburg, USA.
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Cascella R, Cecchi C. Calcium Dyshomeostasis in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094914. [PMID: 34066371 PMCID: PMC8124842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by amyloid β-protein deposition in senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles consisting of abnormally phosphorylated tau protein, and neuronal loss leading to cognitive decline and dementia. Despite extensive research, the exact mechanisms underlying AD remain unknown and effective treatment is not available. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain AD pathophysiology; however, there is general consensus that the abnormal aggregation of the amyloid β peptide (Aβ) is the initial event triggering a pathogenic cascade of degenerating events in cholinergic neurons. The dysregulation of calcium homeostasis has been studied considerably to clarify the mechanisms of neurodegeneration induced by Aβ. Intracellular calcium acts as a second messenger and plays a key role in the regulation of neuronal functions, such as neural growth and differentiation, action potential, and synaptic plasticity. The calcium hypothesis of AD posits that activation of the amyloidogenic pathway affects neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis and the mechanisms responsible for learning and memory. Aβ can disrupt Ca2+ signaling through several mechanisms, by increasing the influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular space and by activating its release from intracellular stores. Here, we review the different molecular mechanisms and receptors involved in calcium dysregulation in AD and possible therapeutic strategies for improving the treatment.
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Cuveillier C, Boulan B, Ravanello C, Denarier E, Deloulme JC, Gory-Fauré S, Delphin C, Bosc C, Arnal I, Andrieux A. Beyond Neuronal Microtubule Stabilization: MAP6 and CRMPS, Two Converging Stories. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:665693. [PMID: 34025352 PMCID: PMC8131560 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.665693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and function of the central nervous system rely on the microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeletons and their respective effectors. Although the structural role of the cytoskeleton has long been acknowledged in neuronal morphology and activity, it was recently recognized to play the role of a signaling platform. Following this recognition, research into Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs) diversified. Indeed, historically, structural MAPs—including MAP1B, MAP2, Tau, and MAP6 (also known as STOP);—were identified and described as MT-binding and -stabilizing proteins. Extensive data obtained over the last 20 years indicated that these structural MAPs could also contribute to a variety of other molecular roles. Among multi-role MAPs, MAP6 provides a striking example illustrating the diverse molecular and cellular properties of MAPs and showing how their functional versatility contributes to the central nervous system. In this review, in addition to MAP6’s effect on microtubules, we describe its impact on the actin cytoskeleton, on neuroreceptor homeostasis, and its involvement in signaling pathways governing neuron development and maturation. We also discuss its roles in synaptic plasticity, brain connectivity, and cognitive abilities, as well as the potential relationships between the integrated brain functions of MAP6 and its molecular activities. In parallel, the Collapsin Response Mediator Proteins (CRMPs) are presented as examples of how other proteins, not initially identified as MAPs, fall into the broader MAP family. These proteins bind MTs as well as exhibiting molecular and cellular properties very similar to MAP6. Finally, we briefly summarize the multiple similarities between other classical structural MAPs and MAP6 or CRMPs.In summary, this review revisits the molecular properties and the cellular and neuronal roles of the classical MAPs, broadening our definition of what constitutes a MAP.
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Wang L, Yin YL, Liu XZ, Shen P, Zheng YG, Lan XR, Lu CB, Wang JZ. Current understanding of metal ions in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:10. [PMID: 32266063 PMCID: PMC7119290 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The homeostasis of metal ions, such as iron, copper, zinc and calcium, in the brain is crucial for maintaining normal physiological functions. Studies have shown that imbalance of these metal ions in the brain is closely related to the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly. Main body Erroneous deposition/distribution of the metal ions in different brain regions induces oxidative stress. The metal ions imbalance and oxidative stress together or independently promote amyloid-β (Aβ) overproduction by activating β- or γ-secretases and inhibiting α-secretase, it also causes tau hyperphosphorylation by activating protein kinases, such as glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), cyclin-dependent protein kinase-5 (CDK5), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), etc., and inhibiting protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). The metal ions imbalances can also directly or indirectly disrupt organelles, causing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunctions, which can cause or aggravate Aβ and tau aggregation/accumulation, and impair synaptic functions. Even worse, the metal ions imbalance-induced alterations can reversely exacerbate metal ions misdistribution and deposition. The vicious cycles between metal ions imbalances and Aβ/tau abnormalities will eventually lead to a chronic neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits, such as seen in AD patients. Conclusion The metal ions imbalance induces Aβ and tau pathologies by directly or indirectly affecting multiple cellular/subcellular pathways, and the disrupted homeostasis can reversely aggravate the abnormalities of metal ions transportation/deposition. Therefore, adjusting metal balance by supplementing or chelating the metal ions may be potential in ameliorating AD pathologies, which provides new research directions for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Brain Research of Henan Province, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Ya-Ling Yin
- 1Key Laboratory of Brain Research of Henan Province, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Xin-Zi Liu
- 1Key Laboratory of Brain Research of Henan Province, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Peng Shen
- 1Key Laboratory of Brain Research of Henan Province, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Yan-Ge Zheng
- 1Key Laboratory of Brain Research of Henan Province, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Xin-Rui Lan
- 1Key Laboratory of Brain Research of Henan Province, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Cheng-Biao Lu
- 1Key Laboratory of Brain Research of Henan Province, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003 China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- 2Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
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Ivanova OY, Dobryakova YV, Salozhin SV, Aniol VA, Onufriev MV, Gulyaeva NV, Markevich VA. Lentiviral Modulation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Affects In Vivo LTP. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:1227-1241. [PMID: 28012021 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is involved in hippocampal development and synaptogenesis. Numerous recent studies have been focused on the role of Wnt ligands in the regulation of synaptic plasticity. Inhibitors and activators of canonical Wnt signaling were demonstrated to decrease or increase, respectively, in vitro long-term potentiation (LTP) maintenance in hippocampal slices (Chen et al. in J Biol Chem 281:11910-11916, 2006; Vargas et al. in J Neurosci 34:2191-2202, 2014, Vargas et al. in Exp Neurol 264:14-25, 2015). Using lentiviral approach to down- and up-regulate the canonical Wnt signaling, we explored whether Wnt/β-catenin signaling is critical for the in vivo LTP. Chronic suppression of Wnt signaling induced an impairment of in vivo LTP expression 14 days after lentiviral suspension injection, while overexpression of Wnt3 was associated with a transient enhancement of in vivo LTP magnitude. Both effects were related to the early phase LTP and did not affect LTP maintenance. A loss-of-function study demonstrated decreased initial paired pulse facilitation ratio, β-catenin, and phGSK-3β levels. A gain-of-function study revealed not only an increase in PSD-95, β-catenin, and Cyclin D1 protein levels, but also a reduced phGSK-3β level and enhanced GSK-3β kinase activity. These results suggest a presynaptic dysfunction predominantly underlying LTP impairment while postsynaptic modifications are primarily involved in transient LTP amplification. This study is the first demonstration of the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in synaptic plasticity regulation in an in vivo LTP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ya Ivanova
- Neurophysiology of Learning Lab, Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System Lab, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Butlerova Str. 5a, 117485, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Yulia V Dobryakova
- Neurophysiology of Learning Lab, Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System Lab, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Butlerova Str. 5a, 117485, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey V Salozhin
- Neurophysiology of Learning Lab, Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System Lab, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Butlerova Str. 5a, 117485, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Viktor A Aniol
- Neurophysiology of Learning Lab, Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System Lab, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Butlerova Str. 5a, 117485, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V Onufriev
- Neurophysiology of Learning Lab, Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System Lab, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Butlerova Str. 5a, 117485, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia V Gulyaeva
- Neurophysiology of Learning Lab, Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System Lab, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Butlerova Str. 5a, 117485, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A Markevich
- Neurophysiology of Learning Lab, Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System Lab, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Science, Butlerova Str. 5a, 117485, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Autism and Intellectual Disability-Associated KIRREL3 Interacts with Neuronal Proteins MAP1B and MYO16 with Potential Roles in Neurodevelopment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123106. [PMID: 25902260 PMCID: PMC4406691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily play critical roles in brain development, as well as in maintaining synaptic plasticity, the dysfunction of which is known to cause cognitive impairment. Recently dysfunction of KIRREL3, a synaptic molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily, has been implicated in several neurodevelopmental conditions including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and in the neurocognitive delay associated with Jacobsen syndrome. However, the molecular mechanisms of its physiological actions remain largely unknown. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we found that the KIRREL3 extracellular domain interacts with brain expressed proteins MAP1B and MYO16 and its intracellular domain can potentially interact with ATP1B1, UFC1, and SHMT2. The interactions were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and colocalization analyses of proteins expressed in human embryonic kidney cells, mouse neuronal cells, and rat primary neuronal cells. Furthermore, we show KIRREL3 colocalization with the marker for the Golgi apparatus and synaptic vesicles. Previously, we have shown that KIRREL3 interacts with the X-linked intellectual disability associated synaptic scaffolding protein CASK through its cytoplasmic domain. In addition, we found a genomic deletion encompassing MAP1B in one patient with intellectual disability, microcephaly and seizures and deletions encompassing MYO16 in two unrelated patients with intellectual disability, autism and microcephaly. MAP1B has been previously implicated in synaptogenesis and is involved in the development of the actin-based membrane skeleton. MYO16 is expressed in hippocampal neurons and also indirectly affects actin cytoskeleton through its interaction with WAVE1 complex. We speculate KIRREL3 interacting proteins are potential candidates for intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Moreover, our findings provide further insight into understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological action of KIRREL3 and its role in neurodevelopment.
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Henriques AG, Oliveira JM, Carvalho LP, da Cruz E Silva OAB. Aβ Influences Cytoskeletal Signaling Cascades with Consequences to Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1391-1407. [PMID: 25344315 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal signal transduction events can impact upon the cytoskeleton, affecting the actin and microtubule networks with direct relevance to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cytoskeletal anomalies, in turn, promote atypical neuronal responses, with consequences for cellular organization and function. Neuronal cytoskeletal modifications in AD include neurofibrillary tangles, which result from aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The latter is a microtubule (MT)-binding protein, whose abnormal phosphorylation leads to MT instability and consequently provokes irregularities in the neuronal trafficking pathways. Early stages of AD are also characterized by synaptic dysfunction and loss of dendritic spines, which correlate with cognitive deficit and impaired brain function. Actin dynamics has a prominent role in maintaining spine plasticity and integrity, thus providing the basis for memory and learning processes. Hence, factors that disrupt both actin and MT network dynamics will compromise neuronal function and survival. The peptide Aβ is the major component of senile plaques and has been described as a pivotal mediator of neuronal dystrophy and synaptic loss in AD. Here, we review Aβ-mediated effects on both MT and actin networks and focus on the relevance of the elicited cytoskeletal signaling events targeted in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabriela Henriques
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Sinalização, Centro de Biologia Celular, SACS, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Machado Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Sinalização, Centro de Biologia Celular, SACS, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Liliana Patrícia Carvalho
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Sinalização, Centro de Biologia Celular, SACS, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Sinalização, Centro de Biologia Celular, SACS, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Goldie BJ, Dun MD, Lin M, Smith ND, Verrills NM, Dayas CV, Cairns MJ. Activity-associated miRNA are packaged in Map1b-enriched exosomes released from depolarized neurons. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:9195-208. [PMID: 25053844 PMCID: PMC4132720 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid input-restricted change in gene expression is an important aspect of synaptic plasticity requiring complex mechanisms of post-transcriptional mRNA trafficking and regulation. Small non-coding miRNA are uniquely poised to support these functions by providing a nucleic-acid-based specificity component for universal-sequence-dependent RNA binding complexes. We investigated the subcellular distribution of these molecules in resting and potassium chloride depolarized human neuroblasts, and found both selective enrichment and depletion in neurites. Depolarization was associated with a neurite-restricted decrease in miRNA expression; a subset of these molecules was recovered from the depolarization medium in nuclease resistant extracellular exosomes. These vesicles were enriched with primate specific miRNA and the synaptic-plasticity-associated protein MAP1b. These findings further support a role for miRNA as neural plasticity regulators, as they are compartmentalized in neurons and undergo activity-associated redistribution or release into the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J Goldie
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Minjie Lin
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Nathan D Smith
- ABRF, Research Services, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Nicole M Verrills
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Christopher V Dayas
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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A presynaptic role of microtubule-associated protein 1/Futsch in Drosophila: regulation of active zone number and neurotransmitter release. J Neurosci 2014; 34:6759-71. [PMID: 24828631 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4282-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), like MAP1, not only control the stability of microtubules, but also interact with postsynaptic proteins in the nervous system. Their presynaptic role has barely been studied. To tackle this question, we used the Drosophila model in which there is only one MAP1 homolog: Futsch, which is expressed at the larval neuromuscular junction, presynaptically only. We show that Futsch regulates neurotransmitter release and active zone density. Importantly, we provide evidence that this role of Futsch is not just the consequence of its microtubule-stabilizing function. Using high-resolution microscopy, we show that Futsch and microtubules are almost systematically present in close proximity to active zones, with Futsch being localized in-between microtubules and active zones. Using proximity ligation assays, we further demonstrate the proximity of Futsch, but not microtubules, to active zone components. Altogether our data are in favor of a model by which Futsch locally stabilizes active zones, by reinforcing their link with the underlying microtubule cytoskeleton.
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MAP1B-dependent Rac activation is required for AMPA receptor endocytosis during long-term depression. EMBO J 2013; 32:2287-99. [PMID: 23881099 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) plays critical roles in neurite growth and synapse maturation during brain development. This protein is well expressed in the adult brain. However, its function in mature neurons remains unknown. We have used a genetically modified mouse model and shRNA techniques to assess the role of MAP1B at established synapses, bypassing MAP1B functions during neuronal development. Under these conditions, we found that MAP1B deficiency alters synaptic plasticity by specifically impairing long-term depression (LTD) expression. Interestingly, this is due to a failure to trigger AMPA receptor endocytosis and spine shrinkage during LTD. These defects are accompanied by an impaired targeting of the Rac1 activator Tiam1 at synaptic compartments. Accordingly, LTD and AMPA receptor endocytosis are restored in MAP1B-deficient neurons by providing additional Rac1. Therefore, these results indicate that the MAP1B-Tiam1-Rac1 relay is essential for spine structural plasticity and removal of AMPA receptors from synapses during LTD. This work highlights the importance of MAPs as signalling hubs controlling the actin cytoskeleton and receptor trafficking during plasticity in mature neurons.
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Craddock TJA, Tuszynski JA, Chopra D, Casey N, Goldstein LE, Hameroff SR, Tanzi RE. The zinc dyshomeostasis hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33552. [PMID: 22457776 PMCID: PMC3311647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Hallmark AD neuropathology includes extracellular amyloid plaques composed largely of the amyloid-β protein (Aβ), intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyper-phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau (MAP-tau), and microtubule destabilization. Early-onset autosomal dominant AD genes are associated with excessive Aβ accumulation, however cognitive impairment best correlates with NFTs and disrupted microtubules. The mechanisms linking Aβ and NFT pathologies in AD are unknown. Here, we propose that sequestration of zinc by Aβ-amyloid deposits (Aβ oligomers and plaques) not only drives Aβ aggregation, but also disrupts zinc homeostasis in zinc-enriched brain regions important for memory and vulnerable to AD pathology, resulting in intra-neuronal zinc levels, which are either too low, or excessively high. To evaluate this hypothesis, we 1) used molecular modeling of zinc binding to the microtubule component protein tubulin, identifying specific, high-affinity zinc binding sites that influence side-to-side tubulin interaction, the sensitive link in microtubule polymerization and stability. We also 2) performed kinetic modeling showing zinc distribution in extra-neuronal Aβ deposits can reduce intra-neuronal zinc binding to microtubules, destabilizing microtubules. Finally, we 3) used metallomic imaging mass spectrometry (MIMS) to show anatomically-localized and age-dependent zinc dyshomeostasis in specific brain regions of Tg2576 transgenic, mice, a model for AD. We found excess zinc in brain regions associated with memory processing and NFT pathology. Overall, we present a theoretical framework and support for a new theory of AD linking extra-neuronal Aβ amyloid to intra-neuronal NFTs and cognitive dysfunction. The connection, we propose, is based on β-amyloid-induced alterations in zinc ion concentration inside neurons affecting stability of polymerized microtubules, their binding to MAP-tau, and molecular dynamics involved in cognition. Further, our theory supports novel AD therapeutic strategies targeting intra-neuronal zinc homeostasis and microtubule dynamics to prevent neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
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12
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Phosphoproteomic differences in major depressive disorder postmortem brains indicate effects on synaptic function. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2012; 262:657-66. [PMID: 22350622 PMCID: PMC3491199 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-012-0301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is still a lack in the molecular comprehension of major depressive disorder (MDD) although this condition affects approximately 10% of the world population. Protein phosphorylation is a posttranslational modification that regulates approximately one-third of the human proteins involved in a range of cellular and biological processes such as cellular signaling. Whereas phosphoproteome studies have been carried out extensively in cancer research, few such investigations have been carried out in studies of psychiatric disorders. Here, we present a comparative phosphoproteome analysis of postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex tissues from 24 MDD patients and 12 control donors. Tissue extracts were analyzed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in a data-independent manner (LC-MS(E)). Our analyses resulted in the identification of 5,195 phosphopeptides, corresponding to 802 non-redundant proteins. Ninety of these proteins showed differential levels of phosphorylation in tissues from MDD subjects compared to controls, being 20 differentially phosphorylated in at least 2 peptides. The majority of these phosphorylated proteins were associated with synaptic transmission and cellular architecture not only pointing out potential biomarker candidates but mainly shedding light to the comprehension of MDD pathobiology.
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13
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Charlet A, Muller AH, Laux A, Kemmel V, Schweitzer A, Deloulme JC, Stuber D, Delalande F, Bianchi E, Van Dorsselaer A, Aunis D, Andrieux A, Poisbeau P, Goumon Y. Abnormal nociception and opiate sensitivity of STOP null mice exhibiting elevated levels of the endogenous alkaloid morphine. Mol Pain 2010; 6:96. [PMID: 21172011 PMCID: PMC3017033 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-6-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mice deficient for the stable tubule only peptide (STOP) display altered dopaminergic neurotransmission associated with severe behavioural defects including disorganized locomotor activity. Endogenous morphine, which is present in nervous tissues and synthesized from dopamine, may contribute to these behavioral alterations since it is thought to play a role in normal and pathological neurotransmission. RESULTS In this study, we showed that STOP null brain structures, including cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and spinal cord, contain high endogenous morphine amounts. The presence of elevated levels of morphine was associated with the presence of a higher density of mu opioid receptor with a higher affinity for morphine in STOP null brains. Interestingly, STOP null mice exhibited significantly lower nociceptive thresholds to thermal and mechanical stimulations. They also had abnormal behavioural responses to the administration of exogenous morphine and naloxone. Low dose of morphine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a significant mechanical antinociception in STOP null mice whereas it has no effect on wild-type mice. High concentration of naloxone (1 mg/kg) was pronociceptive for both mice strain, a lower concentration (0.1 mg/kg) was found to increase the mean mechanical nociceptive threshold only in the case of STOP null mice. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data show that STOP null mice displayed elevated levels of endogenous morphine, as well as an increase of morphine receptor affinity and density in brain. This was correlated with hypernociception and impaired pharmacological sensitivity to mu opioid receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Charlet
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67084, France
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Neural cytoskeleton capabilities for learning and memory. J Biol Phys 2010; 36:3-21. [PMID: 19669423 PMCID: PMC2791806 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-009-9153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes a physical model involving the key structures within the neural cytoskeleton as major players in molecular-level processing of information required for learning and memory storage. In particular, actin filaments and microtubules are macromolecules having highly charged surfaces that enable them to conduct electric signals. The biophysical properties of these filaments relevant to the conduction of ionic current include a condensation of counterions on the filament surface and a nonlinear complex physical structure conducive to the generation of modulated waves. Cytoskeletal filaments are often directly connected with both ionotropic and metabotropic types of membrane-embedded receptors, thereby linking synaptic inputs to intracellular functions. Possible roles for cable-like, conductive filaments in neurons include intracellular information processing, regulating developmental plasticity, and mediating transport. The cytoskeletal proteins form a complex network capable of emergent information processing, and they stand to intervene between inputs to and outputs from neurons. In this manner, the cytoskeletal matrix is proposed to work with neuronal membrane and its intrinsic components (e.g., ion channels, scaffolding proteins, and adaptor proteins), especially at sites of synaptic contacts and spines. An information processing model based on cytoskeletal networks is proposed that may underlie certain types of learning and memory.
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Freedman H, Rezania V, Priel A, Carpenter E, Noskov SY, Tuszynski JA. Model of ionic currents through microtubule nanopores and the lumen. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 81:051912. [PMID: 20866266 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.051912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that microtubules and other cytoskeletal filaments may act as electrical transmission lines. An electrical circuit model of the microtubule is constructed incorporating features of its cylindrical structure with nanopores in its walls. This model is used to study how ionic conductance along the lumen is affected by flux through the nanopores, both with and without an external potential applied across its two ends. Based on the results of Brownian dynamics simulations, the nanopores were found to have asymmetric inner and outer conductances, manifested as nonlinear IV curves. Our simulations indicate that a combination of this asymmetry and an internal voltage source arising from the motion of the C-terminal tails causes cations to be pumped across the microtubule wall and propagate in both directions down the microtubule through the lumen, returning to the bulk solution through its open ends. This effect is demonstrated to add directly to the longitudinal current through the lumen resulting from an external voltage source applied across the two ends of the microtubule. The predicted persistent currents directed through the microtubule wall and along the lumen could be significant in directing the dissipation of weak, endogenous potential gradients toward one end of the microtubule within the cellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Freedman
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Chiba T, Yamada M, Aiso S. Targeting the JAK2/STAT3 axis in Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2009; 13:1155-67. [PMID: 19663649 DOI: 10.1517/14728220903213426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid beta (Abeta) has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Little is known, however, about the intracellular events in neurons which lead to memory loss related to AD. Focusing on the fact that an AD-specific neuroprotective peptide named humanin (HN) inhibits AD-related neurotoxicity by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling axis, we recently found that age- and disease-dependent deterioration in the JAK2/STAT3 axis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD. OBJECTIVE/METHODS Here we summarize the neuroprotective effect of HN and its derivative, named colivelin (CLN), and also review the roles of the JAK2/STAT3 axis in memory impairment related to AD. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS The JAK2/STAT3 axis is a major transducer of HN-mediated neuroprotective activity. Abeta-dependent inactivation of the JAK2/STAT3 axis in hippocampal neurons causes cholinergic dysfunction via pre- and post-synaptic mechanisms, which leads to memory impairment related to AD. This provides not only a novel pathological hallmark of AD but also a novel target in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Chiba
- Keio University School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Jiang J, Parameshwaran K, Seibenhener ML, Kang MG, Suppiramaniam V, Huganir RL, Diaz-Meco MT, Wooten MW. AMPA receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity require SQSTM1/p62. Hippocampus 2009; 19:392-406. [PMID: 19004011 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SQSTM1/p62 is a multidomain/scaffold for the atypical protein kinase Cs (aPKC). Phosphorylation of AMPA receptors by PKC has been shown to regulate their insertion in the postsynaptic membrane. Here, we directly tested whether p62 could interact with AMPA receptor subunits and influence their trafficking and phosphorylation. GluR1 receptor intracellular loop L2-3 and the ZZ-type zinc finger domain of p62 are essential for the interaction between these two proteins. In this context, both p62 and aPKC-mediated phosphorylation were necessary for surface delivery of the receptor. Our findings reveal that p62 is the first protein identified that interacts with a region of the GluR receptor other than the C-terminal tail. Furthermore, mice deficient in p62 displayed impaired hippocampal CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP), along with diminished surface expression of GluR1 and phosphorylation of S818. Lastly, we identify a conserved sequence (ISExSL) shared by all p62 interacting-aPKC substrates. These findings support a model where p62 interaction and aPKC phosphorylation act together to mediate AMPA receptor trafficking and long-term synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Program in Cellular and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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Bouvrais-Veret C, Weiss S, Hanoun N, Andrieux A, Schweitzer A, Job D, Hamon M, Giros B, Martres MP. Microtubule-associated STOP protein deletion triggers restricted changes in dopaminergic neurotransmission. J Neurochem 2008; 104:745-56. [PMID: 18199119 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule-associated stable tubule only polypeptide (STOP) protein plays a key-role in neuron architecture and synaptic plasticity. Recent studies suggest that schizophrenia is associated with alterations in the synaptic connectivity. Mice invalidated for the STOP gene display phenotype reminiscent of some schizophrenic-like symptoms, such as behavioral disturbances, dopamine (DA) hyper-reactivity, and possible hypoglutamatergia, partly improved by antipsychotic treatment. In the present work, we examined potential alterations in some DAergic key proteins and behaviors in STOP knockout mice. Whereas the densities of the DA transporter, the vesicular monoamine transporter and the D(1) receptor were not modified, the densities of the D(2) and D(3) receptors were decreased in some DAergic regions in mutant versus wild-type mice. Endogenous DA levels were selectively decreased in DAergic terminals areas, although the in vivo DA synthesis was diminished both in cell bodies and terminal areas. The DA uptake was decreased in accumbic synaptosomes, but not significantly altered in striatal synaptosomes. Finally, STOP knockout mice were hypersensitive to acute and subchronic locomotor effects of cocaine, although the drug equally inhibited DA uptake in mutant and wild-type mice. Altogether, these data showed that deletion of the ubiquitous STOP protein elicited restricted alterations in DAergic neurotransmission, preferentially in the meso-limbic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bouvrais-Veret
- Inserm, U513, Créteil, France, and Univ Paris 12, Faculté de Médecine Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
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Amyloid-beta peptide binds to microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B). Neurochem Int 2007; 52:1030-6. [PMID: 18079022 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2007.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular and intraneuronal formation of amyloid-beta aggregates have been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. However, the precise mechanism of amyloid-beta neurotoxicity is not completely understood. Previous studies suggest that binding of amyloid-beta to a number of targets have deleterious effects on cellular functions. In the present study we have shown for the first time that amyloid-beta 1-42 bound to a peptide comprising the microtubule binding domain of the heavy chain of microtubule-associated protein 1B by the screening of a human brain cDNA library expressed on M13 phage. This interaction may explain, in part, the loss of neuronal cytoskeletal integrity, impairment of microtubule-dependent transport and synaptic dysfunction observed previously in Alzheimer's disease.
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David A, Tiveron MC, Defays A, Beclin C, Camosseto V, Gatti E, Cremer H, Pierre P. BAD-LAMP defines a subset of early endocytic organelles in subpopulations of cortical projection neurons. J Cell Sci 2007; 120:353-65. [PMID: 17215451 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.03316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain-associated LAMP-like molecule (BAD-LAMP) is a new member of the family of lysosome associated membrane proteins (LAMPs). In contrast to other LAMPs, which show a widespread expression, BAD-LAMP expression in mice is confined to the postnatal brain and therein to neuronal subpopulations in layers II/III and V of the neocortex. Onset of expression strictly parallels cortical synaptogenesis. In cortical neurons, the protein is found in defined clustered vesicles, which accumulate along neurites where it localizes with phosphorylated epitopes of neurofilament H. In primary neurons, BAD-LAMP is endocytosed, but is not found in classical lysosomal/endosomal compartments. Modification of BAD-LAMP by addition of GFP revealed a cryptic lysosomal retention motif, suggesting that the cytoplasmic tail of BAD-LAMP is actively interacting with, or modified by, molecules that promote its sorting away from lysosomes. Analysis of BAD-LAMP endocytosis in transfected HeLa cells provided evidence that the protein recycles to the plasma membrane through a dynamin/AP2-dependent mechanism. Thus, BAD-LAMP is an unconventional LAMP-like molecule and defines a new endocytic compartment in specific subtypes of cortical projection neurons. The striking correlation between the appearance of BAD-LAMP and cortical synatogenesis points towards a physiological role of this vesicular determinant for neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre David
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Case 906, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France.
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Riederer BM. Microtubule-associated protein 1B, a growth-associated and phosphorylated scaffold protein. Brain Res Bull 2006; 71:541-58. [PMID: 17292797 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein 1B, MAP1B, is one of the major growth associated and cytoskeletal proteins in neuronal and glial cells. It is present as a full length protein or may be fragmented into a heavy chain and a light chain. It is essential to stabilize microtubules during the elongation of dendrites and neurites and is involved in the dynamics of morphological structures such as microtubules, microfilaments and growth cones. MAP1B function is modulated by phosphorylation and influences microtubule stability, microfilaments and growth cone motility. Considering its large size, several interactions with a variety of other proteins have been reported and there is increasing evidence that MAP1B plays a crucial role in the stability of the cytoskeleton and may have other cellular functions. Here we review molecular and functional aspects of this protein, evoke its role as a scaffold protein and have a look at several pathologies where the protein may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat M Riederer
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et de Morphologi), Université de Lausanne, 9 rue du Bugnon, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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