1
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Liu C, Ding X, Guo X, Zhao M, Zhang X, Li Z, Zhao R, Cao Y, Xing J. Recombinant human HspB5-ACD structural domain inhibits neurotoxicity by regulating pathological α-Syn aggregation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128311. [PMID: 37992927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of Parkinson's disease is a global medical challenge. α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is the causative protein in Parkinson's disease and is closely linked to its progression. Therefore, inhibiting the pathological aggregation of α-Syn and its neurotoxicity is essential for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In this study, α-Syn and recombinant human HspB5-ACD structural domain protein (AHspB5) were produced using the BL21(DE3) E. coli prokaryotic expression system, and then the role and mechanism of AHspB5 in inhibiting the pathological aggregation of α-Syn and its neurotoxicity were investigated. As a result, we expressed α-Syn and AHspB5 proteins and characterised the proteins. In vitro experiments showed that AHspB5 could inhibit the formation of α-Syn oligomers and fibrils; in cellular experiments, AHspB5 could prevent α-Syn-induced neuronal cell dysfunction, oxidative stress damage and apoptosis, and its mechanism of action was related to the TH-DA pathway and mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway; in animal experiments, AHspB5 could inhibit behavioural abnormalities, oxidative stress damage and loss of dopaminergic neurons. In conclusion, this work is expected to elucidate the mechanism and biological effects of AHspB5 on the pathological aggregation of α-Syn, providing a new pathway for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and laying the foundation for recombinant AHspB5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, PR China.
| | - Xuying Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Xiao Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Meijun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical College, Jilin, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
| | - Ziqing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Risheng Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Yuyan Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Jiaying Xing
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, Jilin 132013, PR China
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2
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Jaromirska J, Kaczmarski P, Strzelecki D, Sochal M, Białasiewicz P, Gabryelska A. Shedding light on neurofilament involvement in cognitive decline in obstructive sleep apnea and its possible role as a biomarker. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1289367. [PMID: 38098628 PMCID: PMC10720906 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1289367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is one of the most common sleep disorders with a high estimated global prevalence and a large number of associated comorbidities in general as well as specific neuropsychiatric complications such as cognitive impairment. The complex pathogenesis and effects of the disorder including chronic intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation may lead to enhanced neuronal damage, thereby contributing to neuropsychiatric pathologies. Obstructive sleep apnea has been described as an independent risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and all-cause dementia. The influence of obstructive sleep apnea on cognitive deficits is still a topic of recent debate, and several mechanisms, including neurodegeneration and depression-related cognitive dysfunction, underlying this correlation are taken into consideration. The differentiation between both pathomechanisms of cognitive impairment in obstructive sleep apnea is a complex clinical issue, requiring the use of multiple and costly diagnostic methods. The studies conducted on neuroprotection biomarkers, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factors and neurofilaments, are recently gaining ground in the topic of cognition assessment in obstructive sleep apnea patients. Neurofilaments as neuron-specific cytoskeletal proteins could be useful non-invasive indicators of brain conditions and neurodegeneration, which already are observed in many neurological diseases leading to cognitive deficits. Additionally, neurofilaments play an important role as a biomarker in other sleep disorders such as insomnia. Thus, this review summarizes the current knowledge on the involvement of neurofilaments in cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in obstructive sleep apnea patients as well as discusses its possible role as a biomarker of these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jaromirska
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaczmarski
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Sochal
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Białasiewicz
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Gabryelska
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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3
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Jiang Y, MacNeil LT. Simple model systems reveal conserved mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:82. [PMID: 37950311 PMCID: PMC10638731 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of effective therapies that slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies highlights the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the fundamental cellular mechanisms underlying these diseases. Model organisms, including yeast, worms, and flies, provide simple systems with which to investigate the mechanisms of disease. The evolutionary conservation of cellular pathways regulating proteostasis and stress response in these organisms facilitates the study of genetic factors that contribute to, or protect against, neurodegeneration. Here, we review genetic modifiers of neurodegeneration and related cellular pathways identified in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, focusing on models of AD and related tauopathies. We further address the potential of simple model systems to better understand the fundamental mechanisms that lead to AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lesley T MacNeil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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4
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Zhang S, Zhu Y, Lu J, Liu Z, Lobato AG, Zeng W, Liu J, Qiang J, Zeng S, Zhang Y, Liu C, Liu J, He Z, Zhai RG, Li D. Specific binding of Hsp27 and phosphorylated Tau mitigates abnormal Tau aggregation-induced pathology. eLife 2022; 11:79898. [PMID: 36048712 PMCID: PMC9436411 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid aggregation of phosphorylated Tau (pTau) into neurofibrillary tangles is closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several molecular chaperones have been reported to bind Tau and impede its pathological aggregation. Recent findings of elevated levels of Hsp27 in the brains of patients with AD suggested its important role in pTau pathology. However, the molecular mechanism of Hsp27 in pTau aggregation remains poorly understood. Here, we show that Hsp27 partially co-localizes with pTau tangles in the brains of patients with AD. Notably, phosphorylation of Tau by microtubule affinity regulating kinase 2 (MARK2), dramatically enhances the binding affinity of Hsp27 to Tau. Moreover, Hsp27 efficiently prevents pTau fibrillation in vitro and mitigates neuropathology of pTau aggregation in a Drosophila tauopathy model. Further mechanistic study reveals that Hsp27 employs its N-terminal domain to directly interact with multiple phosphorylation sites of pTau for specific binding. Our work provides the structural basis for the specific recognition of Hsp27 to pathogenic pTau, and highlights the important role of Hsp27 in preventing abnormal aggregation and pathology of pTau in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States
| | - Jinxia Lu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenying Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Amanda G Lobato
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States.,Graduate Program in Human Genetics and Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States
| | - Wen Zeng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States
| | - Jiali Qiang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Zeng
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoyang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuohao He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - R Grace Zhai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, United States
| | - Dan Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Moncaster JA, Moir RD, Burton MA, Chadwick O, Minaeva O, Alvarez VE, Ericsson M, Clark JI, McKee AC, Tanzi RE, Goldstein LE. Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β pathology in the lens of the eye. Exp Eye Res 2022; 221:108974. [PMID: 35202705 PMCID: PMC9873124 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include pathogenic accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and age-dependent formation of amyloid plaques in the brain. AD-associated Aβ neuropathology begins decades before onset of cognitive symptoms and slowly progresses over the course of the disease. We previously reported discovery of Aβ deposition, β-amyloidopathy, and co-localizing supranuclear cataracts (SNC) in lenses from people with AD, but not other neurodegenerative disorders or normal aging. We confirmed AD-associated Aβ molecular pathology in the lens by immunohistopathology, amyloid histochemistry, immunoblot analysis, epitope mapping, immunogold electron microscopy, quantitative immunoassays, and tryptic digest mass spectrometry peptide sequencing. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that AD-associated Aβ deposits in AD lenses localize as electron-dense microaggregates in the cytoplasm of supranuclear (deep cortex) fiber cells. These Aβ microaggregates also contain αB-crystallin and scatter light, thus linking Aβ pathology and SNC phenotype expression in the lenses of people with AD. Subsequent research identified Aβ lens pathology as the molecular origin of the distinctive cataracts associated with Down syndrome (DS, trisomy 21), a chromosomal disorder invariantly associated with early-onset Aβ accumulation and Aβ amyloidopathy in the brain. Investigation of 1249 participants in the Framingham Eye Study found that AD-associated quantitative traits in brain and lens are co-heritable. Moreover, AD-associated lens traits preceded MRI brain traits and cognitive deficits by a decade or more and predicted future AD. A genome-wide association study of bivariate outcomes in the same subjects identified a new AD risk factor locus in the CTNND2 gene encoding δ-catenin, a protein that modulates Aβ production in brain and lens. Here we report identification of AD-related human Aβ (hAβ) lens pathology and age-dependent SNC phenotype expression in the Tg2576 transgenic mouse model of AD. Tg2576 mice express Swedish mutant human amyloid precursor protein (APP-Swe), accumulate hAβ peptides and amyloid pathology in the brain, and exhibit cognitive deficits that slowly progress with increasing age. We found that Tg2576 trangenic (Tg+) mice, but not non-transgenic (Tg-) control mice, also express human APP, accumulate hAβ peptides, and develop hAβ molecular and ultrastructural pathologies in the lens. Tg2576 Tg+ mice exhibit age-dependent Aβ supranuclear lens opacification that recapitulates lens pathology and SNC phenotype expression in human AD. In addition, we detected hAβ in conditioned medium from lens explant cultures prepared from Tg+ mice, but not Tg- control mice, a finding consistent with constitutive hAβ generation in the lens. In vitro studies showed that hAβ promoted mouse lens protein aggregation detected by quasi-elastic light scattering (QLS) spectroscopy. These results support mechanistic (genotype-phenotype) linkage between Aβ pathology and AD-related phenotypes in lens and brain. Collectively, our findings identify Aβ pathology as the shared molecular etiology of two age-dependent AD-related cataracts associated with two human diseases (AD, DS) and homologous murine cataracts in the Tg2576 transgenic mouse model of AD. These results represent the first evidence of AD-related Aβ pathology outside the brain and point to lens Aβ as an optically-accessible AD biomarker for early detection and longitudinal monitoring of this devastating neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet A. Moncaster
- Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA,Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, B-7800 Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Robert D. Moir
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Mark A. Burton
- Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Oliver Chadwick
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Olga Minaeva
- Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA,Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, B-7800 Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Victor E. Alvarez
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, B-7800 Boston, MA, 02118, USA,Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John I. Clark
- Departments of Biological Structure and Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ann C. McKee
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, B-7800 Boston, MA, 02118, USA,Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA
| | - Rudolph E. Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Lee E. Goldstein
- Molecular Aging and Development Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA,Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, B-7800 Boston, MA, 02118, USA,Corresponding author. Molecular Aging & Development Laboratory, Boston University, School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA. (L.E. Goldstein)
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6
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Khoshaman K, Ghahramani M, Shahsavani MB, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Kurganov BI, Yousefi R. Myopathy-associated G154S mutation causes important changes in the conformational stability, amyloidogenic properties, and chaperone-like activity of human αB-crystallin. Biophys Chem 2021; 282:106744. [PMID: 34983005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Glycine to serine substitution at position 154 of human αB-crystallin (αB-Cry) is behind the development of cardiomyopathy and late-onset distal myopathy. The current study was conducted with the aim to investigate the structural and functional features of the G154S mutant αB-Cry using various spectroscopic techniques and microscopic analyses. The secondary and tertiary structures of human αB-Cry were preserved mainly in the presence of G154S mutation, but the mutant protein indicated a reduced chaperone-like activity when γ-Cry as its natural partner in eye lenses was the substrate protein. Moreover, a significant reduction in the enzyme refolding ability and in vivo chaperone activity of the mutant protein were observed. Also, the mutant protein displayed reduced conformational stability upon urea-induced denaturation. Both fluorescence and electron microscopic analyses suggested that G154S mutant protein has an increased susceptibility for amyloid fibril formation. Therefore, the pathomechanism of G154S mutation can be explained by its attenuated chaperone function, decreased conformational stability, and increased amyloidogenic propensity. Some of these important changes may also alter the correct interaction of the mutated αB-Cry with its target proteins in myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Khoshaman
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghahramani
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Boris I Kurganov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Reza Yousefi
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory (PCL), Department of Biology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Xu Z, Gong Y, Wan J, Tang J, Zhang Q. Trends in HSPB5 research: a 36-year bibliometric analysis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:799-810. [PMID: 34235603 PMCID: PMC8492881 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01220-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
HSPB5 (heat shock protein B5), also known as αB-crystallin, is one of the most widespread and populous of the ten human small heat shock proteins (sHsps). Over the past decades, extensive research has been conducted on HSPB5. However, few studies have statistically analyzed these publications. Herein, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to track the global research trend and current development status of HSPB5 research from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database between 1985 and 2020. Our results demonstrate that 1220 original articles cited 54,778 times in 391 scholarly journals were published. Visualization analyses reveal that the Journal of Biological Chemistry was the most influential journal with 85 articles. The USA dominated this field with 520 publications (42.62%), followed by Japan with 149 publications (12.21%), and Kato contributed the largest number of publications. Most related publications were published in journals focusing on biochemistry molecular biology, cell biology, neurosciences neurology, and ophthalmology. In addition, keyword co-occurrence analyses identify three predominant research topics: expression of HSPB5, chaperone studies for HSPB5, and pathological studies of HSPB5. This study provides valuable guidance for researchers and leads to collaborative opportunities between diverse research interests to be integrated for HSPB5 research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Xu
- College of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Yehong Gong
- College of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqian Wan
- College of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Tang
- College of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Singh R, Kaur N, Dhingra N, Kaur T. Protein misfolding, ER Stress and Chaperones: An approach to develop chaperone-based therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Neurosci 2021:1-21. [PMID: 34402740 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1968859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder with complex etiology that eventually leads to dementia. The main culprit of AD is the extracellular deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. The protein conformational change and protein misfolding are the key events of AD pathophysiology, therefore endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an apparent consequence. ER, stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) mediators (viz. PERK, IRE1, and ATF6) have been reported widely in the AD brain. Considering these factors, preventing proteins misfolding or aggregation of tau or amyloidogenic proteins appears to be the best approach to halt its pathogenesis. Therefore, therapies through chemical and pharmacological chaperones came to light as an alternative for the treatment of AD. Diverse studies have demonstrated 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) as a potential therapeutic agent in AD. The current review outlined the mechanism of protein misfolding, different etiological features behind the progression of AD, the significance of ER stress in AD, and the potential therapeutic role of different chaperones to counter AD. The study also highlights the gaps in current knowledge of the chaperones-based therapeutic approach and the possibility of developing chaperones as a potential therapeutic agent for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimaljot Singh
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Navpreet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelima Dhingra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
| | - Tanzeer Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University Chandigarh, India
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9
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Soares Martins T, Marçalo R, Ferreira M, Vaz M, Silva RM, Martins Rosa I, Vogelgsang J, Wiltfang J, da Cruz e Silva OAB, Henriques AG. Exosomal Aβ-Binding Proteins Identified by "In Silico" Analysis Represent Putative Blood-Derived Biomarker Candidates for Alzheimer´s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083933. [PMID: 33920336 PMCID: PMC8070602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of exosomes as biomarker resources for diagnostics and even for therapeutics has intensified research in the field, including in the context of Alzheimer´s disease (AD). The search for disease biomarkers in peripheral biofluids is advancing mainly due to the easy access it offers. In the study presented here, emphasis was given to the bioinformatic identification of putative exosomal candidates for AD. The exosomal proteomes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum and plasma, were obtained from three databases (ExoCarta, EVpedia and Vesiclepedia), and complemented with additional exosomal proteins already associated with AD but not found in the databases. The final biofluids’ proteomes were submitted to gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and the exosomal Aβ-binding proteins that can constitute putative candidates were identified. Among these candidates, gelsolin, a protein known to be involved in inhibiting Abeta fibril formation, was identified, and it was tested in human samples. The levels of this Aβ-binding protein, with anti-amyloidogenic properties, were assessed in serum-derived exosomes isolated from controls and individuals with dementia, including AD cases, and revealed altered expression patterns. Identification of potential peripheral biomarker candidates for AD may be useful, not only for early disease diagnosis but also in drug trials and to monitor disease progression, allowing for a timely therapeutic intervention, which will positively impact the patient’s quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Soares Martins
- Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (R.M.); (M.F.); (M.V.); (I.M.R.); (J.W.); (O.C.S.)
| | - Rui Marçalo
- Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (R.M.); (M.F.); (M.V.); (I.M.R.); (J.W.); (O.C.S.)
| | - Maria Ferreira
- Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (R.M.); (M.F.); (M.V.); (I.M.R.); (J.W.); (O.C.S.)
| | - Margarida Vaz
- Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (R.M.); (M.F.); (M.V.); (I.M.R.); (J.W.); (O.C.S.)
| | - Raquel M. Silva
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada da Circunvalação, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal;
| | - Ilka Martins Rosa
- Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (R.M.); (M.F.); (M.V.); (I.M.R.); (J.W.); (O.C.S.)
| | - Jonathan Vogelgsang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (R.M.); (M.F.); (M.V.); (I.M.R.); (J.W.); (O.C.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Odete A. B. da Cruz e Silva
- Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (R.M.); (M.F.); (M.V.); (I.M.R.); (J.W.); (O.C.S.)
| | - Ana Gabriela Henriques
- Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.S.M.); (R.M.); (M.F.); (M.V.); (I.M.R.); (J.W.); (O.C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Niewiadomska G, Niewiadomski W, Steczkowska M, Gasiorowska A. Tau Oligomers Neurotoxicity. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:28. [PMID: 33418848 PMCID: PMC7824853 DOI: 10.3390/life11010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the mechanisms of toxic activity of tau are not fully recognized, it is supposed that the tau toxicity is related rather not to insoluble tau aggregates but to its intermediate forms. It seems that neurofibrillar tangles (NFTs) themselves, despite being composed of toxic tau, are probably neither necessary nor sufficient for tau-induced neuronal dysfunction and toxicity. Tau oligomers (TauOs) formed during the early stages of tau aggregation are the pathological forms that play a key role in eliciting the loss of neurons and behavioral impairments in several neurodegenerative disorders called tauopathies. They can be found in tauopathic diseases, the most common of which is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Evidence of co-occurrence of b-amyloid, α-synuclein, and tau into their most toxic forms, i.e., oligomers, suggests that these species interact and influence each other's aggregation in several tauopathies. The mechanism responsible for oligomeric tau neurotoxicity is a subject of intensive investigation. In this review, we summarize the most recent literature on the damaging effect of TauOs on the stability of the genome and the function of the nucleus, energy production and mitochondrial function, cell signaling and synaptic plasticity, the microtubule assembly, neuronal cytoskeleton and axonal transport, and the effectiveness of the protein degradation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Niewiadomska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Niewiadomski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.N.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Marta Steczkowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.N.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Gasiorowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.N.); (M.S.); (A.G.)
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11
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Chaudhury S, Keegan BM, Blagg BSJ. The role and therapeutic potential of Hsp90, Hsp70, and smaller heat shock proteins in peripheral and central neuropathies. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:202-222. [PMID: 32844464 PMCID: PMC8485878 DOI: 10.1002/med.21729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are molecular chaperones that also play important roles in the activation of the heat shock response (HSR). The HSR is an evolutionary conserved and protective mechanism that is used to counter abnormal physiological conditions, stressors, and disease states, such as those exemplified in cancer and/or neurodegeneration. In normal cells, heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), the transcription factor that regulates the HSR, remains in a dormant multiprotein complex that is formed upon association with chaperones (Hsp90, Hsp70, etc.), co-chaperones, and client proteins. However, under cellular stress, HSF-1 dissociates from Hsp90 and induces the transcriptional upregulation of Hsp70 to afford protection against the encountered cellular stress. As a consequence of both peripheral and central neuropathies, cellular stress occurs and results in the accumulation of unfolded and/or misfolded proteins, which can be counterbalanced by activation of the HSR. Since Hsp90 is the primary regulator of the HSR, modulation of Hsp90 by small molecules represents an attractive therapeutic approach against both peripheral and central neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Chaudhury
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Bradley M Keegan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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12
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Koopman MB, Rüdiger SGD. Alzheimer Cells on Their Way to Derailment Show Selective Changes in Protein Quality Control Network. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:214. [PMID: 33330614 PMCID: PMC7715003 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease is driven by protein aggregation and is characterized by accumulation of Tau protein into neurofibrillary tangles. In healthy neurons the cellular protein quality control is successfully in charge of protein folding, which raises the question to which extent this control is disturbed in disease. Here, we describe that brain cells in Alzheimer's Disease show very specific derailment of the protein quality control network. We performed a meta-analysis on the Alzheimer's Disease Proteome database, which provides a quantitative assessment of disease-related proteome changes in six brain regions in comparison to age-matched controls. We noted that levels of all paralogs of the conserved Hsp90 chaperone family are reduced, while most other chaperones - or their regulatory co-chaperones - do not change in disease. The notable exception is a select group consisting of the stress inducible HSP70, its nucleotide exchange factor BAG3 - which links the Hsp70 system to autophagy - and neuronal small heat shock proteins, which are upregulated in disease. They are all members of a cascade controlled in the stress response, channeling proteins towards a pathway of chaperone assisted selective autophagy. Together, our analysis reveals that in an Alzheimer's brain, with exception of Hsp90, the players of the protein quality control are still present in full strength, even in brain regions most severely affected in disease. The specific upregulation of small heat shock proteins and HSP70:BAG3, ubiquitous in all brain areas analyzed, may represent a last, unsuccessful attempt to advert cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margreet B. Koopman
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Science for Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan G. D. Rüdiger
- Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Science for Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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13
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14
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SkQ1 Suppresses the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway Involved in Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology in OXYS Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080676. [PMID: 32731533 PMCID: PMC7463502 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and is currently incurable, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 is implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. p38 MAPK inhibition is considered a promising strategy against AD, but there are no safe inhibitors capable of penetrating the blood–brain barrier. Earlier, we have shown that mitochondria-targeted antioxidant plastoquinonyl-decyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) at nanomolar concentrations can prevent, slow down, or partially alleviate AD-like pathology in accelerated-senescence OXYS rats. Here we confirmed that dietary supplementation with SkQ1 during active progression of AD-like pathology in OXYS rats (aged 12–18 months) suppresses AD-like pathology progression, and for the first time, we showed that its effects are associated with suppression of p38 MAPK signaling pathway (MAPKsp) activity. Transcriptome analysis, western blotting, and immunofluorescent staining revealed that SkQ1 suppresses p38 MAPKsp activity in the hippocampus at the level of expression of genes involved in the p38 MAPKsp and reduces the phosphorylation of intermediate kinases (p38 MAPK and MK2) and a downstream protein (αB-crystallin). Thus, the anti-AD effects of SkQ1 are associated with improvement in the functioning of relevant signaling pathways and intracellular processes, thus making it a promising therapeutic agent for human AD.
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15
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Vendredy L, Adriaenssens E, Timmerman V. Small heat shock proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:679-699. [PMID: 32323160 PMCID: PMC7332613 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins are ubiquitously expressed chaperones, yet mutations in some of them cause tissue-specific diseases. Here, we will discuss how small heat shock proteins give rise to neurodegenerative disorders themselves while we will also highlight how these proteins can fulfil protective functions in neurodegenerative disorders caused by protein aggregation. The first half of this paper will be focused on how mutations in HSPB1, HSPB3, and HSPB8 are linked to inherited peripheral neuropathies like Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease and distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN). The second part of the paper will discuss how small heat shock proteins are linked to neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Vendredy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elias Adriaenssens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute Born Bunge, Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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16
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Hampton DW, Amor S, Story D, Torvell M, Bsibsi M, van Noort JM, Chandran S. HspB5 Activates a Neuroprotective Glial Cell Response in Experimental Tauopathy. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:574. [PMID: 32595446 PMCID: PMC7300208 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive neuronal death during tauopathies is associated with aggregation of modified, truncated or mutant forms of tau protein. Such aggregates are neurotoxic, promote spreading of tau aggregation, and trigger release of pro-inflammatory factors by glial cells. Counteracting such pathogenic effects of tau by simultaneously inhibiting protein aggregation as well as pro-inflammatory glial cell responses would be of significant therapeutic interest. Here, we examined the use of the small heat-shock protein HspB5 for this purpose. As a molecular chaperone, HspB5 counteracts aggregation of a wide range of abnormal proteins. As a TLR2 agonist, it selectively activates protective responses by CD14-expressing myeloid cells including microglia. We show that intracerebral infusion of HspB5 in transgenic mice with selective neuronal expression of mutant human P301S tau has significant neuroprotective effects in the superficial, frontal cortical layers. Underlying these effects at least in part, HspB5 induces several potent neuroprotective mediators in both astrocytes and microglia including neurotrophic factors and increased potential for removal of glutamate. Together, these findings highlight the potentially broad therapeutic potential of HspB5 in neurodegenerative proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Hampton
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Amor
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David Story
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Torvell
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Siddarthan Chandran
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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17
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Vicente Miranda H, Chegão A, Oliveira MS, Fernandes Gomes B, Enguita FJ, Outeiro TF. Hsp27 reduces glycation-induced toxicity and aggregation of alpha-synuclein. FASEB J 2020; 34:6718-6728. [PMID: 32259355 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902936r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
α-synuclein (aSyn) is a major player in Parkinson's disease and a group of other disorders collectively known as synucleinopathies, but the precise molecular mechanisms involved are still unclear. aSyn, as virtually all proteins, undergoes a series of posttranslational modifications during its lifetime, which can affect its biology and pathobiology. We recently showed that glycation of aSyn by methylglyoxal (MGO) potentiates its oligomerization and toxicity, induces dopaminergic neuronal cell loss in mice, and affects motor performance in flies. Small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) are molecular chaperones that facilitate the folding of proteins or target misfolded proteins for clearance. Importantly, sHsps were shown to prevent aSyn aggregation and cytotoxicity. Upon treating cells with increasing amounts of methylglyoxal, we found that the levels of Hsp27 decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, we hypothesized that restoring the levels of Hsp27 in glycating environments could alleviate the pathogenicity of aSyn. Consistently, we found that Hsp27 reduced MGO-induced aSyn aggregation in cells, leading to the formation of nontoxic aSyn species. Remarkably, increasing the levels of Hsp27 suppressed the deleterious effects induced by MGO. Our findings suggest that in glycating environments, the levels of Hsp27 are important for modulating the glycation-associated cellular pathologies in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Vicente Miranda
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Chegão
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Márcia S Oliveira
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Fernandes Gomes
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco J Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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18
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Webster JM, Darling AL, Uversky VN, Blair LJ. Small Heat Shock Proteins, Big Impact on Protein Aggregation in Neurodegenerative Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1047. [PMID: 31619995 PMCID: PMC6759932 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolding, aggregation, and aberrant accumulation of proteins are central components in the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Cellular molecular chaperone systems modulate proteostasis, and, therefore, are primed to influence aberrant protein-induced neurotoxicity and disease progression. Molecular chaperones have a wide range of functions from facilitating proper nascent folding and refolding to degradation or sequestration of misfolded substrates. In disease states, molecular chaperones can display protective or aberrant effects, including the promotion and stabilization of toxic protein aggregates. This seems to be dependent on the aggregating protein and discrete chaperone interaction. Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are a class of molecular chaperones that typically associate early with misfolded proteins. These interactions hold proteins in a reversible state that helps facilitate refolding or degradation by other chaperones and co-factors. These sHsp interactions require dynamic oligomerization state changes in response to diverse cellular triggers and, unlike later steps in the chaperone cascade of events, are ATP-independent. Here, we review evidence for modulation of neurodegenerative disease-relevant protein aggregation by sHsps. This includes data supporting direct physical interactions and potential roles of sHsps in the stewardship of pathological protein aggregates in brain. A greater understanding of the mechanisms of sHsp chaperone activity may help in the development of novel therapeutic strategies to modulate the aggregation of pathological, amyloidogenic proteins. sHsps-targeting strategies including modulators of expression or post-translational modification of endogenous sHsps, small molecules targeted to sHsp domains, and delivery of engineered molecular chaperones, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack M Webster
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - April L Darling
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Laura J Blair
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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19
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Mirzaei M, Pushpitha K, Deng L, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Rajput R, Mangani AB, Dheer Y, Godinez A, McKay MJ, Kamath K, Pascovici D, Wu JX, Salekdeh GH, Karl T, Haynes PA, Graham SL, Gupta VK. Upregulation of Proteolytic Pathways and Altered Protein Biosynthesis Underlie Retinal Pathology in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6017-6034. [PMID: 30707393 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increased amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation is a hallmark feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. The APP/PS1 mouse model of AD exhibits accumulation of Aβ in the retina and demonstrates reduced retinal function and other degenerative changes. The overall molecular effects of AD pathology on the retina remain undetermined. Using a proteomics approach, this study assessed the molecular effects of Aβ accumulation and progression of AD pathology on the retina. Retinal tissues from younger (2.5 months) and older 8-month APP/PS1 mice were analysed for protein expression changes. A multiplexed proteomics approach using chemical isobaric tandem mass tags was applied followed by functional and protein-protein interaction analyses using Ingenuity pathway (IPA) and STRING computational tools. We identified approximately 2000 proteins each in the younger (upregulated 50; downregulated 36) and older set of APP/PS1 (upregulated 85; downregulated 79) mice retinas. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) was consistently upregulated two to threefold in both younger and older retinas (p < 0.0001). Mass spectrometry data further revealed that older APP/PS1 mice retinas had elevated levels of proteolytic enzymes cathepsin D, presenilin 2 and nicastrin that are associated with APP processing. Increased levels of proteasomal proteins Psma5, Psmd3 and Psmb2 were also observed in the older AD retinas. In contrast to the younger animals, significant downregulation of protein synthesis and elongation associated proteins such as Eef1a1, Rpl35a, Mrpl2 and Eef1e1 (p < 0.04) was identified in the older mice retinas. This study reports for the first time that not only old but also young APP/PS1 animals demonstrate increased amyloid protein levels in their retinas. Quantitative proteomics reveals new molecular insights which may represent a cellular response to clear amyloid build-up. Further, downregulation of ribosomal proteins involved in protein biosynthesis was observed which might be considered a toxicity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kanishka Pushpitha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Liting Deng
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rashi Rajput
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abu Bakr Mangani
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yogita Dheer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela Godinez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew J McKay
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karthik Kamath
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dana Pascovici
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jemma X Wu
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tim Karl
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A Haynes
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek K Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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20
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Delbecq SP, Klevit RE. HSPB5 engages multiple states of a destabilized client to enhance chaperone activity in a stress-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:3261-3270. [PMID: 30567736 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) delay protein aggregation in an ATP-independent manner by interacting with client proteins that are in states susceptible to aggregation, including destabilized states related to cellular stress. Up-regulation of sHSPs under stress conditions supports their critical role in cellular viability. Widespread distribution of sHSPs in most organisms implies conservation of function, but it remains unclear whether sHSPs implement common or distinct mechanisms to delay protein aggregation. Comparisons among various studies are confounded by the use of different model client proteins, different assays for both aggregation and sHSP/client interactions, and variable experimental conditions used to mimic cellular stress. To further define sHSP/client interactions and their relevance to sHSP chaperone function, we implemented multiple strategies to characterize sHSP interactions with α-lactalbumin, a model client whose aggregation pathway is well defined. We compared the chaperone activity of human αB-crystallin (HSPB5) with HSPB5 variants that mimic states that arise under conditions of cellular stress or disease. The results show that these closely related sHSPs vary not only in their activity under identical conditions but also in their interactions with clients. Importantly, under nonstress conditions, WT HSPB5 delays client aggregation solely through transient interactions early in the aggregation pathway, whereas HSPB5 mutants that mimic stress-activated conditions can also intervene at later stages of the aggregation pathway to further delay client protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott P Delbecq
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7350
| | - Rachel E Klevit
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7350
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21
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Tau Protein Squired by Molecular Chaperones During Alzheimer’s Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:356-368. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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22
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Liu Z, Wang C, Li Y, Zhao C, Li T, Li D, Zhang S, Liu C. Mechanistic insights into the switch of αB-crystallin chaperone activity and self-multimerization. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14880-14890. [PMID: 30076220 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
αB-Crystallin (αBc) is a small heat shock protein that protects cells against abnormal protein aggregation and disease-related degeneration. αBc is also a major structural protein that forms polydisperse multimers that maintain the liquid-like property of the eye lens. However, the relationship and regulation of the two functions have yet to be explored. Here, by combining NMR spectroscopy and multiple biophysical approaches, we found that αBc uses a conserved β4/β8 surface of the central α-crystallin domain to bind α-synuclein and Tau proteins and prevent them from aggregating into pathological amyloids. We noted that this amyloid-binding surface can also bind the C-terminal IPI motif of αBc, which mediates αBc multimerization and weakens its chaperone activity. We further show that disruption of the IPI binding impairs αBc self-multimerization but enhances its chaperone activity. Our work discloses the structural mechanism underlying the regulation of αBc chaperone activity and self-multimerization and sheds light on the different functions of αBc in antagonizing neurodegeneration and maintaining eye lens liquidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenying Liu
- From the Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 26 Qiuyue Road, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuchu Wang
- From the Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 26 Qiuyue Road, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yichen Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China, and
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- From the Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 26 Qiuyue Road, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongzhou Li
- From the Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 26 Qiuyue Road, Shanghai 201210, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China, and
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- From the Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 26 Qiuyue Road, Shanghai 201210, China,
| | - Cong Liu
- From the Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 26 Qiuyue Road, Shanghai 201210, China,
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23
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Young ZT, Mok SA, Gestwicki JE. Therapeutic Strategies for Restoring Tau Homeostasis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a024612. [PMID: 28159830 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a024612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Normal tau homeostasis is achieved when the synthesis, processing, and degradation of the protein is balanced. Together, the pathways that regulate tau homeostasis ensure that the protein is at the proper levels and that its posttranslational modifications and subcellular localization are appropriately controlled. These pathways include the enzymes responsible for posttranslational modifications, those systems that regulate mRNA splicing, and the molecular chaperones that control tau turnover and its binding to microtubules. In tauopathies, this delicate balance is disturbed. Tau becomes abnormally modified by posttranslational modification, it loses affinity for microtubules, and it accumulates in proteotoxic aggregates. How and why does this imbalance occur? In this review, we discuss how molecular chaperones and other components of the protein homeostasis (e.g., proteostasis) network normally govern tau quality control. We also discuss how aging might reduce the capacity of these systems and how tau mutations might further affect this balance. Finally, we discuss how small-molecule inhibitors are being used to probe and perturb the tau quality-control systems, playing a particularly prominent role in revealing the logic of tau homeostasis. As such, there is now interest in developing these chemical probes into therapeutics, with the goal of restoring normal tau homeostasis to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zapporah T Young
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Sue Ann Mok
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
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Perng MD, Huang YS, Quinlan RA. Purification of Protein Chaperones and Their Functional Assays with Intermediate Filaments. Methods Enzymol 2016; 569:155-75. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Antibodies against small heat-shock proteins in Alzheimer's disease as a part of natural human immune repertoire or activation of humoral response? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 123:455-61. [PMID: 26566902 PMCID: PMC4805726 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of autoantibodies specific for some disease-related proteins, would allow to better assess their role as diagnostic and prognostic markers. In the light of increasing evidence for both humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and data on the increased small heat-shock proteins (sHSP) expression in this disease, it seemed justified to assess humoral response against sHSP in AD patients. The aim of the study was to check whether AD has the ability to elicit immune response against small HSP, which could also serve as disease biomarkers. IgG and IgM autoantibodies against alpha B-crystallin and anti-HSP 60 IgG autoantibodies were assessed in 59 AD patients and 59 healthy subjects. Both IgM and IgG autoantibodies against alpha B-crystallin in AD patients were significantly higher compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between AD patients and healthy subjects were found in anti-HSP60 IgG autoantibody titers (p = 0.29). Anti-HSP60 antibodies present in AD patients may indeed belong to natural human immune repertoire, and chronic neurodegenerative process does not have significant inducing effect on the systemic immunoreactivity against HSP60. Increased titers of IgM and IgG autoantibodies against alpha B-crystallin in AD patients may reflect activation of humoral immune response in the course of this chronic disease, probably secondary to its increased expression. Further prospective studies, on larger group of AD patients and measuring a change in antibodies titers with disease progression are necessary to assess the exact role of these antibodies in AD.
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Bakthisaran R, Akula KK, Tangirala R, Rao CM. Phosphorylation of αB-crystallin: Role in stress, aging and patho-physiological conditions. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:167-82. [PMID: 26415747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND αB-crystallin, once thought to be a lenticular protein, is ubiquitous and has critical roles in several cellular processes that are modulated by phosphorylation. Serine residues 19, 45 and 59 of αB-crystallin undergo phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of S45 is mediated by p44/42 MAP kinase, whereas S59 phosphorylation is mediated by MAPKAP kinase-2. Pathway involved in S19 phosphorylation is not known. SCOPE OF REVIEW The review highlights the role of phosphorylation in (i) oligomeric structure, stability and chaperone activity, (ii) cellular processes such as apoptosis, myogenic differentiation, cell cycle regulation and angiogenesis, and (iii) aging, stress, cardiomyopathy-causing αB-crystallin mutants, and in other diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Depending on the context and extent of phosphorylation, αB-crystallin seems to confer beneficial or deleterious effects. Phosphorylation alters structure, stability, size distribution and dynamics of the oligomeric assembly, thus modulating chaperone activity and various cellular processes. Phosphorylated αB-crystallin has a tendency to partition to the cytoskeleton and hence to the insoluble fraction. Low levels of phosphorylation appear to be protective, while hyperphosphorylation has negative implications. Mutations in αB-crystallin, such as R120G, Q151X and 464delCT, associated with inherited myofibrillar myopathy lead to hyperphosphorylation and intracellular inclusions. An ongoing study in our laboratory with phosphorylation-mimicking mutants indicates that phosphorylation of R120GαB-crystallin increases its propensity to aggregate. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Phosphorylation of αB-crystallin has dual role that manifests either beneficial or deleterious consequences depending on the extent of phosphorylation and interaction with cytoskeleton. Considering that disease-causing mutants of αB-crystallin are hyperphosphorylated, moderation of phosphorylation may be a useful strategy in disease management. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Crystallin Biochemistry in Health and Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Bakthisaran
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Kranthi Kiran Akula
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Ramakrishna Tangirala
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Ch Mohan Rao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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Son SJ, Lee KS, Chung JH, Chang KJ, Roh HW, Kim SH, Jin T, Back JH, Kim HJ, Lee Y, Choi SH, Noh JS, Lim KY, Chung YK, Hong CH, Oh BH. Increased plasma levels of heat shock protein 70 associated with subsequent clinical conversion to mild cognitive impairment in cognitively healthy elderly. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119180. [PMID: 25768018 PMCID: PMC4359110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been regarded as cytoprotectants that protect brain cells during the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and from damage resulting from cerebral ischemia. In this study, we assessed the association between plasma HSP 70/27 levels and cognitive decline. Methods Among participants in the community-based cohort study of dementia called the Gwangju Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment Study, subjects without cognitive impairment at baseline, who then either remained without impairment (non-conversion group), or suffered mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (conversion group) (non-conversion group, N = 36; conversion group, N = 30) were analyzed. Results After a five to six year follow-up period, comparison of the plasma HSP 70 and HSP 27 levels of the two groups revealed that only the plasma HSP 70 level was associated with a conversion to MCI after adjustments for age, gender, years of education, follow-up duration, APOE e4, hypertension, and diabetes (repeated measure analysis of variance: F = 7.59, p = 0.008). Furthermore, an increase in plasma HSP 70 level was associated with cognitive decline in language and executive function (linear mixed model: Korean Boston Naming Test, -0.426 [-0.781, -0.071], p = 0.019; Controlled Oral Word Association Test, -0.176 [-0.328, -0.023], p = 0.024; Stroop Test, -0.304 [-0.458, -0.150], p<0.001). Conclusions These findings suggest that the plasma HSP 70 level may be related to cognitive decline in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Joon Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443–380, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Soo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Nonhyon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135–081, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Chung
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life Science, CHA University, Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463–400, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443–380, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woong Roh
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443–380, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120–752, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewon Jin
- Graduate Program in Science for Aging, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120–752, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung Hwan Back
- Health Insurance Policy Research Institute, National Health Insurance Service, 311 Dongmak-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121–749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, National Medical Center, 245 Eulji-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 100–799, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhwan Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443–380, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hye Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon 400–711, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai Sung Noh
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443–380, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443–380, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443–380, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyung Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443–380, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (CHH); (BHO)
| | - Byoung Hoon Oh
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120–752, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (CHH); (BHO)
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Filipcik P, Cente M, Zilka N, Smolek T, Hanes J, Kucerak J, Opattova A, Kovacech B, Novak M. Intraneuronal accumulation of misfolded tau protein induces overexpression of Hsp27 in activated astrocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1219-29. [PMID: 25772164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of misfolded forms of microtubule associated, neuronal protein tau causes neurofibrillary degeneration typical of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. This process is accompanied by elevated cellular stress and concomitant deregulation of heat-shock proteins. We used a transgenic rat model of tauopathy to study involvement of heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) in the process of neurofibrillary degeneration, its cell type specific expression and correlation with the amount of insoluble tau protein aggregates. The expression of Hsp27-mRNA is more than doubled and levels of Hsp27 protein tripled in aged transgenic animals with tau pathology. The data revealed a strong positive and highly significant correlation between Hsp27-mRNA and amount of sarkosyl insoluble tau. Interestingly, intracellular accumulation of insoluble misfolded tau protein in neurons was associated with overexpression of Hsp27 almost exclusively in reactive astrocytes, not in neurons. The topological dissociation of neuronally expressed pathological tau and the induction of astrocytic Hsp27, GFAP, and Vimentin along with up-regulation of microglia specific markers such as CD18, CD68 and C3 point to cooperation of astrocytes, microglia and neurons in response to intra-neuronal accumulation of insoluble tau. Our data suggest that over expression of Hsp27 represents a part of microglia-mediated astrocytic response mechanism in the process of neurofibrillary degeneration, which is not necessarily associated with neuroprotection and which in contrary may accelerate neurodegeneration in late stage of the disease. This phenomenon should be considered during development of disease modifying strategies for treatment of tauopathies and AD via regulation of activity of Hsp27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Filipcik
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia; Axon Neuroscience SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Cente
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia; Axon Neuroscience SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Norbert Zilka
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia; Axon Neuroscience SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Smolek
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia; Axon Neuroscience SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Juraj Kucerak
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia; Axon Neuroscience SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alena Opattova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Kovacech
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia; Axon Neuroscience SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Novak
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia; Axon Neuroscience SE, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Fontaine SN, Sabbagh JJ, Baker J, Martinez-Licha CR, Darling A, Dickey CA. Cellular factors modulating the mechanism of tau protein aggregation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1863-79. [PMID: 25666877 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pathological accumulation of the microtubule-associated protein tau, in the form of neurofibrillary tangles, is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, the most prevalent neurodegenerative condition worldwide. In addition to Alzheimer's disease, a number of neurodegenerative diseases, called tauopathies, are characterized by the accumulation of aggregated tau in a variety of brain regions. While tau normally plays an important role in stabilizing the microtubule network of the cytoskeleton, its dissociation from microtubules and eventual aggregation into pathological deposits is an area of intense focus for therapeutic development. Here we discuss the known cellular factors that affect tau aggregation, from post-translational modifications to molecular chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Fontaine
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
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Arrigo AP, Ducarouge B, Lavial F, Gibert B. Immense Cellular Implications Associated to Small Stress Proteins Expression: Impacts on Human Pathologies. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16077-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Der Perng M, Quinlan RA. The Dynamic Duo of Small Heat Proteins and IFs Maintain Cell Homeostasis, Resist Cellular Stress and Enable Evolution in Cells and Tissues. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16077-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang X, Shi J, Tian J, Robinson AC, Davidson YS, Mann DM. Expression of one important chaperone protein, heat shock protein 27, in neurodegenerative diseases. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2014; 6:78. [PMID: 25621016 PMCID: PMC4304251 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-014-0078-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by accumulations of misfolded proteins that can colocalise with chaperone proteins (for example, heat shock protein 27 (HSP27)), which might act as modulators of protein aggregation. Methods The role of HSP27 in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and motor neuron disease (MND) was investigated. We used immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis to determine the distribution and amount of this protein in the frontal and temporal cortices of diseased and control subjects. Results HSP27 immunostaining presented as accumulations of granules within neuronal and glial cell perikarya. Patients with AD and FTLD were affected more often, and showed greater immunostaining for HSP27, than patients with MND and controls. In FTLD, there was no association between HSP27 and histological type. The neuropathological changes of FTLD, AD and MND were not immunoreactive to HSP27. Western blot analysis revealed higher HSP27 expression in FTLD than in controls, but without qualitative differences in banding patterns. Conclusions The pattern of HSP27 immunostaining observed may reflect the extent of ongoing neurodegeneration in affected brain areas and is not specific to FTLD, AD or MND. It may represent an accumulation of misfolded, damaged or unwanted proteins, awaiting or undergoing degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuekai Zhang
- The Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5 Haiyuncang Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700 China ; Clinical and Cognitive Sciences Research Group, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, M6 8HD UK
| | - Jing Shi
- The Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5 Haiyuncang Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Jinzhou Tian
- The Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5 Haiyuncang Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700 China ; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Neurology Centre, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 5 Haiyuncang Street, Beijing, 100700 People's Republic of China China
| | - Andrew C Robinson
- Clinical and Cognitive Sciences Research Group, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, M6 8HD UK
| | - Yvonne S Davidson
- Clinical and Cognitive Sciences Research Group, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, M6 8HD UK
| | - David M Mann
- Clinical and Cognitive Sciences Research Group, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, M6 8HD UK ; Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, University of Manchester, Salford Royal Foundation NHS Trust, Salford, M6 8HD UK
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A study on the mechanism for neuron protection by heat shock protein after pre-acupuncture. WORLD JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE-MOXIBUSTION 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1003-5257(14)60039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Boelens WC. Cell biological roles of αB-crystallin. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 115:3-10. [PMID: 24576798 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
αB-crystallin, also called HspB5, is a molecular chaperone able to interact with unfolding proteins. By interacting, it inhibits further unfolding, thereby preventing protein aggregation and allowing ATP-dependent chaperones to refold the proteins. αB-crystallin belongs to the family of small heat-shock proteins (sHsps), which in humans consists of 10 different members. The protein forms large oligomeric complexes, containing up to 40 or more subunits, which in vivo consist of heterooligomeric complexes formed by a mixture of αB-crystallin and other sHsps. αB-crystallin is highly expressed in the lens and to a lesser extent in several other tissues, among which heart, skeletal muscle and brain. αB-crystallin plays a role in several cellular processes, such as signal transduction, protein degradation, stabilization of cytoskeletal structures and apoptosis. Mutations in the αB-crystallin gene can have detrimental effects, leading to pathologies such as cataract and cardiomyopathy. This review describes the biological roles of αB-crystallin, with a special focus on its function in the eye lens, heart muscle and brain. In addition its therapeutic potential is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbert C Boelens
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Bartelt-Kirbach B, Golenhofen N. Reaction of small heat-shock proteins to different kinds of cellular stress in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:145-53. [PMID: 23959629 PMCID: PMC3857434 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) in response to cellular stress is one mechanism to increase cell viability.We previously described that cultured rat hippocampal neurons express five of the 11 family members but only upregulate two of them (HspB1 and HspB5) at the protein level after heat stress. Since neurons have to cope with many other pathological conditions, we investigated in this study the expression of all five expressed sHsps on mRNA and protein level after sublethal sodium arsenite and oxidative and hyperosmotic stress. Under all three conditions, HspB1, HspB5, HspB6, and HspB8 but not HspB11 were consistently upregulated but showed differences in the time course of upregulation. The increase of sHsps always occurred earlier on mRNA level compared with protein levels. We conclude from our data that these four upregulated sHsps (HspB1, HspB5, HspB6, HspB8) act together in different proportions in the protection of neurons from various stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Bartelt-Kirbach
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Nikola Golenhofen
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Arrigo AP, Gibert B. Protein interactomes of three stress inducible small heat shock proteins: HspB1, HspB5 and HspB8. Int J Hyperthermia 2013; 29:409-22. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2013.792956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Arrigo AP. Human small heat shock proteins: Protein interactomes of homo- and hetero-oligomeric complexes: An update. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1959-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tang Z, Bereczki E, Zhang H, Wang S, Li C, Ji X, Branca RM, Lehtiö J, Guan Z, Filipcik P, Xu S, Winblad B, Pei JJ. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTor) mediates tau protein dyshomeostasis: implication for Alzheimer disease. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15556-70. [PMID: 23585566 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.435123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence from post-mortem Alzheimer disease (AD) brains and drug (especially rapamycin)-oriented in vitro and in vivo models implicated an aberrant accumulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTor) in tangle-bearing neurons in AD brains and its role in the formation of abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau. Compelling evidence indicated that the sequential molecular events such as the synthesis and phosphorylation of tau can be regulated through p70 S6 kinase, the well characterized immediate downstream target of mTor. In the present study, we further identified that the active form of mTor per se accumulates in tangle-bearing neurons, particularly those at early stages in AD brains. By using mass spectrometry and Western blotting, we identified three phosphoepitopes of tau directly phosphorylated by mTor. We have developed a variety of stable cell lines with genetic modification of mTor activity using SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells as background. In these cellular systems, we not only confirmed the tau phosphorylation sites found in vitro but also found that mTor mediates the synthesis and aggregation of tau, resulting in compromised microtubule stability. Changes of mTor activity cause fluctuation of the level of a battery of tau kinases such as protein kinase A, v-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog-1, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, and tau protein phosphatase 2A. These results implicate mTor in promoting an imbalance of tau homeostasis, a condition required for neurons to maintain physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Tang
- KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, SE 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
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Non-invasive infra-red therapy (1072 nm) reduces β-amyloid protein levels in the brain of an Alzheimer's disease mouse model, TASTPM. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 123:13-22. [PMID: 23603448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and common cause of dementias in the Western world. This study investigated the expression profile of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) involved in maintaining healthy neurons in the TASTPM AD mouse model, and whether chronic treatment with 1072 nm infra-red (IR1072) modified the expression profiles of HSPs and amyloidopathy in female TASTPM mice. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Quantitative immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the expression of proteins such as HSPs, phosphorylated tau (tau-P), amyloid precursor protein (APP), β-amyloid1-40 (Aβ), and Aβ1-42. TASTPM mice at 3, 7 and 12 months were investigated as well as female TASTPM mice which had undergone a chronic, 5 month, IR1072 treatment. During the first 12 months of age, a critical period of AD progression, reduced HSP40 and HSP105 were observed. αB-crystallin, Aβ1-42 and tau-P increased over this period, particularly between 3 and 7 months. Chronic IR1072 treatment of female TASTPM mice elicited significant increases in HSP60, 70 and 105 and phosphorylated-HSP27 (P-HSP27) (50-139%), together with a concomitant profound decrease in αB-crystallin, APP, tau-P, Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 (43-81%) protein levels at 7 months of age. Furthermore, IR1072 treatment elicited a modest, but significant, reduction in Aβ1-42 plaques in the cerebral cortex. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS IR1072 treatment provides a novel non-invasive and safe way to upregulate a panel of stress response proteins in the brain, known to both reduce protein aggregation and neuronal apoptosis. This approach recently entered clinical trials for AD in the USA, and may provide a novel disease modifying therapy for a range of neuropathologies.
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Ou Y, Grossman DS, Lee PP, Sloan FA. Glaucoma, Alzheimer disease and other dementia: a longitudinal analysis. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2012; 19:285-92. [PMID: 22978529 DOI: 10.3109/09286586.2011.649228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD) or other dementia in patients diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in a nationally representative longitudinal sample of elderly persons. METHODS This retrospective cohort study (January 1, 1994-December 31, 2007) used Medicare 5% claims data. We identified beneficiaries aged 68+ years who had at least two claims with diagnoses of OAG and no Alzheimer or other dementia in 1994, using a 3-year look-back period between 1991 and 1993 (n = 63,235) and beneficiaries matched on age, sex, race, and Charlson index without a diagnosis of OAG throughout the observational period (n = 63,235), using propensity score matching. Using a Cox Proportional Hazards model, we analyzed time to AD diagnosis and time to AD or other dementia diagnosis. RESULTS Elderly individuals diagnosed with OAG did not have an increased rate of AD and other dementia diagnosis compared to those without OAG during a 14-year follow-up period, even after controlling for relevant covariates present at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Individuals aged 68+ years diagnosed with OAG have a decreased rate of AD or other dementia diagnosis compared to control patients without an OAG diagnosis. Although OAG and AD are both age-related neurodegenerative diseases, our findings do not support a positive association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Ou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Raju I, Abraham EC. Mutants of human αB-crystallin cause enhanced protein aggregation and apoptosis in mammalian cells: influence of co-expression of HspB1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012. [PMID: 23194663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of human αB-crystallin cause congenital cataract and cardio-myopathy by protein aggregation and cell death. How mutations of αB-crystallin become pathogenic is poorly understood. To better understand the cellular events related to protein aggregation and cell death, we transfected cataract and cardio-myopathy causing mutants, R11H, P20S, R56W, D109H, R120G, D140N, G154S, R157H and A171T in HeLa cells and assessed protein aggregation and apoptosis by laser scanning confocal microspy (LSCM) and flow cytometry. Cells individually transfected with the mutants, D109H, R120G, D140N and R157H significantly showed more aggregates. Cells overexpressed with HspB1 (Hsp27) significantly sequestered aggregates in all mutants and suppressed apoptosis in mutants, P20S, D109H and A171T. Significant increases of apoptotic cells as stained with Annexin V were observed in mutants, D109H and A171T transfected cells. Cells positive for active caspase-3 was increased in the mutant, D109H. Thus the previously recognized anti-apoptotic functions of αB-crystallin were compromised in these mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilangovan Raju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Drastichova Z, Skrabalova J, Jedelsky P, Neckar J, Kolar F, Novotny J. Global changes in the rat heart proteome induced by prolonged morphine treatment and withdrawal. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47167. [PMID: 23056601 PMCID: PMC3467212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine belongs among the most commonly used opioids in medical practice due to its strong analgesic effects. However, sustained administration of morphine leads to the development of tolerance and dependence and may cause long-lasting alterations in nervous tissue. Although proteomic approaches enabled to reveal changes in multiple gene expression in the brain as a consequence of morphine treatment, there is lack of information about the effect of this drug on heart tissue. Here we studied the effect of 10-day morphine exposure and subsequent drug withdrawal (3 or 6 days) on the rat heart proteome. Using the iTRAQ technique, we identified 541 proteins in the cytosol, 595 proteins in the plasma membrane-enriched fraction and 538 proteins in the mitochondria-enriched fraction derived from the left ventricles. Altogether, the expression levels of 237 proteins were altered by morphine treatment or withdrawal. The majority of changes (58 proteins) occurred in the cytosol after a 3-day abstinence period. Significant alterations were found in the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP27, α-B crystallin, HSP70, HSP10 and HSP60), whose levels were markedly up-regulated after morphine treatment or withdrawal. Besides that morphine exposure up-regulated MAPK p38 (isoform CRA_b) which is a well-known up-stream mediator of phosphorylation and activation of HSP27 and α-B crystallin. Whereas there were no alterations in the levels of proteins involved in oxidative stress, several changes were determined in the levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. These data provide a complex view on quantitative changes in the cardiac proteome induced by morphine treatment or withdrawal and demonstrate great sensitivity of this organ to morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Drastichova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Skrabalova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jedelsky
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Neckar
- Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Kolar
- Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Abisambra JF, Jinwal UK, Jones JR, Blair LJ, Koren J, Dickey CA. Exploiting the diversity of the heat-shock protein family for primary and secondary tauopathy therapeutics. Curr Neuropharmacol 2012; 9:623-31. [PMID: 22654720 PMCID: PMC3263456 DOI: 10.2174/157015911798376226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock protein (Hsp) family is an evolutionarily conserved system that is charged with preventing unfolded or misfolded proteins in the cell from aggregating. In Alzheimer’s disease, extracellular accumulation of the amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and intracellular aggregation of the microtubule associated protein tau may result from mechanisms involving chaperone proteins like the Hsps. Due to the ability of Hsps to regulate aberrantly accumulating proteins like Aβ and tau, therapeutic strategies are emerging that target this family of chaperones to modulate their pathobiology. This article focuses on the use of Hsp-based therapeutics for treating primary and secondary tauopathies like Alzheimer’s disease. It will particularly focus on the pharmacological targeting of the Hsp70/90 system and the value of manipulating Hsp27 for treating Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Abisambra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
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Kannan R, Sreekumar PG, Hinton DR. Novel roles for α-crystallins in retinal function and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2012; 31:576-604. [PMID: 22721717 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
α-Crystallins are key members of the superfamily of small heat shock proteins that have been studied in detail in the ocular lens. Recently, novel functions for α-crystallins have been identified in the retina and in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). αB-Crystallin has been localized to multiple compartments and organelles including mitochondria, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus. α-Crystallins are regulated by oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inhibit apoptosis-induced cell death. α-Crystallins interact with a large number of proteins that include other crystallins, and apoptotic, cytoskeletal, inflammatory, signaling, angiogenic, and growth factor molecules. Studies with RPE from αB-crystallin deficient mice have shown that αB-crystallin supports retinal and choroidal angiogenesis through its interaction with vascular endothelial growth factor. αB-Crystallin has also been shown to have novel functions in the extracellular space. In RPE, αB-crystallin is released from the apical surface in exosomes where it accumulates in the interphotoreceptor matrix and may function to protect neighboring cells. In other systems administration of exogenous recombinant αB-crystallin has been shown to be anti-inflammatory. Another newly described function of αB-crystallin is its ability to inhibit β-amyloid fibril formation. α-Crystallin minichaperone peptides have been identified that elicit anti-apoptotic function in addition to being efficient chaperones. Generation of liposomal particles and other modes of nanoencapsulation of these minipeptides could offer great therapeutic advantage in ocular delivery for a wide variety of retinal degenerative, inflammatory and vascular diseases including age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kannan
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Macular Research Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
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Brownell SE, Becker RA, Steinman L. The protective and therapeutic function of small heat shock proteins in neurological diseases. Front Immunol 2012; 3:74. [PMID: 22566955 PMCID: PMC3342061 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) have been extensively studied in the context of being intracellular molecular chaperones. However, recent studies looking at the role of sHSPs in neurological diseases have demonstrated a near universal upregulation of certain sHSPs in damaged and diseased brains. Initially, it was thought that sHSPs are pathological in these disease states because they are found in the areas of damage. However, transgenic overexpression and exogenous administration of sHSPs in various experimental disease paradigms have shown just the contrary – that sHSPs are protective, not pathological. This review examines sHSPs in neurological diseases and highlights the potential for using these neuroprotective sHSPs as novel therapeutics. It first addresses the endogenous expression of sHSPs in a variety of neurological disorders. Although many studies have examined the expression of sHSPs in neurological diseases, there are no review articles summarizing these data. Furthermore, it focuses on recent studies that have investigated the therapeutic potential of sHSPs for neurological diseases. Finally, it will explain what we think is the function of endogenous sHSPs in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Brownell
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
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Macromolecular and small-molecule modulation of intracellular Aβ42 aggregation and associated toxicity. Biochem J 2012; 442:507-15. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aβ (amyloid β-peptide) has a central role in AD (Alzheimer's disease) where neuronal toxicity is linked to its extracellular and intracellular accumulation as oligomeric species. Searching for molecules that attenuate Aβ aggregation could uncover novel therapies for AD, but most studies in mammalian cells have inferred aggregation indirectly by assessing levels of secreted Aβ peptide. In the present study we establish a mammalian cell system for the direct visualization of Aβ formation by expression of an Aβ42–EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) fusion protein in the human embryonic kidney cell line T-REx293, and use this to identify both macromolecules and small molecules that reduce aggregation and associated cell toxicity. Thus a molecular shield protein AavLEA1 [Aphelenchus avenae LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) protein 1], which limits aggregation of proteins with expanded poly(Q) repeats, is also effective against Aβ42–EGFP when co-expressed in T-REx293 cells. A screen of polysaccharide and small organic molecules from medicinal plants and fungi reveals one candidate in each category, PS5 (polysaccharide 5) and ganoderic acid DM respectively, with activity against Aβ. Both PS5 and ganoderic acid DM probably promote Aβ aggregate clearance indirectly through the proteasome. The model is therefore of value to study the effects of intracellular Aβ on cell physiology and to identify reagents that counteract those effects.
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Molecular chaperones and regulation of tau quality control: strategies for drug discovery in tauopathies. Future Med Chem 2011; 3:1523-37. [PMID: 21882945 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein that accumulates in at least 15 different neurodegenerative disorders, which are collectively referred to as tauopathies. In these diseases, tau is often hyperphosphorylated and found in aggregates, including paired helical filaments, neurofibrillary tangles and other abnormal oligomers. Tau aggregates are associated with neuron loss and cognitive decline, which suggests that this protein can somehow evade normal quality control allowing it to aberrantly accumulate and become proteotoxic. Consistent with this idea, recent studies have shown that molecular chaperones, such as heat shock protein 70 and heat shock protein 90, counteract tau accumulation and neurodegeneration in disease models. These molecular chaperones are major components of the protein quality control systems and they are specifically involved in the decision to retain or degrade many proteins, including tau and its modified variants. Thus, one potential way to treat tauopathies might be to either accelerate interactions of abnormal tau with these quality control factors or tip the balance of triage towards tau degradation. In this review, we summarize recent findings and suggest models for therapeutic intervention.
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Liu Q, Xie F, Alvarado-Diaz A, Smith MA, Moreira PI, Zhu X, Perry G. Neurofilamentopathy in neurodegenerative diseases. Open Neurol J 2011; 5:58-62. [PMID: 21915226 PMCID: PMC3170930 DOI: 10.2174/1874205x01105010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofilament protein alterations are found in many neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson, Alzheimer, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth. Abnormal modifications of neurofilament, such as mutation, oxidation and phosphorylation, are linked to the disease-related alteration. In this review, the most recent discovery and central arguments about functions, pathological modifications, and genetic mutations related to neurofilaments in neurodegenerative diseases is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Management of cytoskeleton architecture by molecular chaperones and immunophilins. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1907-20. [PMID: 21864675 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal structure is continually remodeled to accommodate normal cell growth and to respond to pathophysiological cues. As a consequence, several cytoskeleton-interacting proteins become involved in a variety of cellular processes such as cell growth and division, cell movement, vesicle transportation, cellular organelle location and function, localization and distribution of membrane receptors, and cell-cell communication. Molecular chaperones and immunophilins are counted among the most important proteins that interact closely with the cytoskeleton network, in particular with microtubules and microtubule-associated factors. In several situations, heat-shock proteins and immunophilins work together as a functionally active heterocomplex, although both types of proteins also show independent actions. In circumstances where homeostasis is affected by environmental stresses or due to genetic alterations, chaperone proteins help to stabilize the system. Molecular chaperones facilitate the assembly, disassembly and/or folding/refolding of cytoskeletal proteins, so they prevent aberrant protein aggregation. Nonetheless, the roles of heat-shock proteins and immunophilins are not only limited to solve abnormal situations, but they also have an active participation during the normal differentiation process of the cell and are key factors for many structural and functional rearrangements during this course of action. Cytoskeleton modifications leading to altered localization of nuclear factors may result in loss- or gain-of-function of such factors, which affects the cell cycle and cell development. Therefore, cytoskeletal components are attractive therapeutic targets, particularly microtubules, to prevent pathological situations such as rapidly dividing tumor cells or to favor the process of cell differentiation in other cases. In this review we will address some classical and novel aspects of key regulatory functions of heat-shock proteins and immunophilins as housekeeping factors of the cytoskeletal network.
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50
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Wang S, Toth ME, Bereczki E, Santha M, Guan ZZ, Winblad B, Pei JJ. Interplay between glycogen synthase kinase-3β and tau in the cerebellum of Hsp27 transgenic mouse. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:1267-75. [PMID: 21544852 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The association between heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) and hyperphosphorylated tau has gained attention for more than a decade, but it has never been explored in vivo. In the present study, we found that tau phosphorylated at S396/404 (PHF-1) and S262 sites was significantly increased in the cerebellum of Hsp27 transgenic mice, which was concomitant with increased glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) phosphorylated at Y216 and decreased GSK3β phosphorylated at S9. Neither 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K; total p70S6K, p70S6K at T389, and p70S6K at T421/S424) nor protein phosphatase PP2A (total PP2A, PP2A at Y307, methylated or demethylated PP2A) was changed. This suggests that the increased tau phosphorylation at S396/404 and S262 sites may be induced by Hsp27 through enhancement of GSK3β activity in the mouse cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, KI-Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Novum, Huddinge, Sweden
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