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Matsumoto M, Matsushita K, Hane M, Wen C, Kurematsu C, Ota H, Bang Nguyen H, Quynh Thai T, Herranz-Pérez V, Sawada M, Fujimoto K, García-Verdugo JM, Kimura KD, Seki T, Sato C, Ohno N, Sawamoto K. Neuraminidase inhibition promotes the collective migration of neurons and recovery of brain function. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:1228-1253. [PMID: 38789599 PMCID: PMC11178813 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the injured brain, new neurons produced from endogenous neural stem cells form chains and migrate to injured areas and contribute to the regeneration of lost neurons. However, this endogenous regenerative capacity of the brain has not yet been leveraged for the treatment of brain injury. Here, we show that in healthy brain chains of migrating new neurons maintain unexpectedly large non-adherent areas between neighboring cells, allowing for efficient migration. In instances of brain injury, neuraminidase reduces polysialic acid levels, which negatively regulates adhesion, leading to increased cell-cell adhesion and reduced migration efficiency. The administration of zanamivir, a neuraminidase inhibitor used for influenza treatment, promotes neuronal migration toward damaged regions, fosters neuronal regeneration, and facilitates functional recovery. Together, these findings shed light on a new mechanism governing efficient neuronal migration in the adult brain under physiological conditions, pinpoint the disruption of this mechanism during brain injury, and propose a promising therapeutic avenue for brain injury through drug repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Matsumoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Matsushita
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masaya Hane
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, and Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Chentao Wen
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501, Japan
- Laboratory for Developmental Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kurematsu
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Haruko Ota
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Huy Bang Nguyen
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City (UMP), Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam
| | - Truc Quynh Thai
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Histology-Embryology-Genetics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERNED-ISCIII, Valencia, 46980, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Spain
| | - Masato Sawada
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Koichi Fujimoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERNED-ISCIII, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Koutarou D Kimura
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Seki
- Department of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, and Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
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Geribaldi-Doldán N, Carrascal L, Pérez-García P, Oliva-Montero JM, Pardillo-Díaz R, Domínguez-García S, Bernal-Utrera C, Gómez-Oliva R, Martínez-Ortega S, Verástegui C, Nunez-Abades P, Castro C. Migratory Response of Cells in Neurogenic Niches to Neuronal Death: The Onset of Harmonic Repair? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076587. [PMID: 37047560 PMCID: PMC10095545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmonic mechanisms orchestrate neurogenesis in the healthy brain within specific neurogenic niches, which generate neurons from neural stem cells as a homeostatic mechanism. These newly generated neurons integrate into existing neuronal circuits to participate in different brain tasks. Despite the mechanisms that protect the mammalian brain, this organ is susceptible to many different types of damage that result in the loss of neuronal tissue and therefore in alterations in the functionality of the affected regions. Nevertheless, the mammalian brain has developed mechanisms to respond to these injuries, potentiating its capacity to generate new neurons from neural stem cells and altering the homeostatic processes that occur in neurogenic niches. These alterations may lead to the generation of new neurons within the damaged brain regions. Notwithstanding, the activation of these repair mechanisms, regeneration of neuronal tissue within brain injuries does not naturally occur. In this review, we discuss how the different neurogenic niches respond to different types of brain injuries, focusing on the capacity of the progenitors generated in these niches to migrate to the injured regions and activate repair mechanisms. We conclude that the search for pharmacological drugs that stimulate the migration of newly generated neurons to brain injuries may result in the development of therapies to repair the damaged brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Livia Carrascal
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-García
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - José M. Oliva-Montero
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pardillo-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Samuel Domínguez-García
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos Bernal-Utrera
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Oliva
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Ortega
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cristina Verástegui
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pedro Nunez-Abades
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Castro
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
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Ohno Y, Nakajima C, Ajioka I, Muraoka T, Yaguchi A, Fujioka T, Akimoto S, Matsuo M, Lotfy A, Nakamura S, Herranz-Pérez V, García-Verdugo JM, Matsukawa N, Kaneko N, Sawamoto K. Amphiphilic peptide-tagged N-cadherin forms radial glial-like fibers that enhance neuronal migration in injured brain and promote sensorimotor recovery. Biomaterials 2023; 294:122003. [PMID: 36736095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian brain has very limited ability to regenerate lost neurons and recover function after injury. Promoting the migration of young neurons (neuroblasts) derived from endogenous neural stem cells using biomaterials is a new and promising approach to aid recovery of the brain after injury. However, the delivery of sufficient neuroblasts to distant injured sites is a major challenge because of the limited number of scaffold cells that are available to guide neuroblast migration. To address this issue, we have developed an amphiphilic peptide [(RADA)3-(RADG)] (mRADA)-tagged N-cadherin extracellular domain (Ncad-mRADA), which can remain in mRADA hydrogels and be injected into deep brain tissue to facilitate neuroblast migration. Migrating neuroblasts directly contacted the fiber-like Ncad-mRADA hydrogel and efficiently migrated toward an injured site in the striatum, a deep brain area. Furthermore, application of Ncad-mRADA to neonatal cortical brain injury efficiently promoted neuronal regeneration and functional recovery. These results demonstrate that self-assembling Ncad-mRADA peptides mimic both the function and structure of endogenous scaffold cells and provide a novel strategy for regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ohno
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Chikako Nakajima
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Itsuki Ajioka
- Center for Brain Integration Research (CBIR), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan; Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), Kanagawa, 243-0435, Japan
| | - Takahiro Muraoka
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), Kanagawa, 243-0435, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Atsuya Yaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Teppei Fujioka
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Saori Akimoto
- Center for Brain Integration Research (CBIR), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan; Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), Kanagawa, 243-0435, Japan
| | - Misaki Matsuo
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Ahmed Lotfy
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Sayuri Nakamura
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Valencia, 46980, Spain
| | - Noriyuki Matsukawa
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan; Laboratory of Neuronal Regeneration, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan.
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan; Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute of Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
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4
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Ko E, Poon MLS, Park E, Cho Y, Shin JH. Engineering 3D Cortical Spheroids for an In Vitro Ischemic Stroke Model. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3845-3860. [PMID: 34275269 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) spheroids composed of brain cells have shown great potential to mimic the pathophysiology of the brain. However, a 3D spheroidal brain-disease model for cerebral ischemia has not been reported. This study investigated an ultralow attachment (ULA) surface-mediated formation of 3D cortical spheroids using primary rat cortical cells to recapitulate the cerebral ischemic responses in stroke by oxygen-glucose deprivation-reoxygenation (OGD-R) treatment. Comparison between two-dimensional (2D) and 3D cell culture models confirmed the better performance of the 3D cortical spheroids as normal brain models. The cortical cells cultured in 3D maintained their healthy physiological morphology of a less activated state and suppressed mRNA expressions of pathological stroke markers, S100B, IL-1β, and MBP, selected based on in vivo stroke model. Interestingly, the spheroids formed on the ULA surface exhibited striking aggregation dynamics involving active cell-substrate interactions, whereas those formed on the agarose surface aggregated passively by the convective flow of the media. Accordingly, ULA spheroids manifested a layered arrangement of neurons and astrocytes with higher expressions of integrin β1, integrin α5, N-cadherin, and fibronectin than the agarose spheroids. OGD-R-induced stroke model of the ULA spheroids successfully mimicked the ischemic response as evidenced by the upregulated mRNA expressions of the key markers for stroke, S100B, IL-1β, and MBP. Our study suggested that structurally and functionally distinct cortical spheroids could be generated by simply tuning the cell-substrate binding activities during dynamic spheroidal formation, which should be an essential factor to consider in establishing a brain-disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunmin Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mong Lung Steve Poon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbin Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer H Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Shin HY, Han KS, Park HW, Hong YH, Kim Y, Moon HE, Park KW, Park HR, Lee CJ, Lee K, Kim SJ, Heo MS, Park SH, Kim DG, Paek SH. Tumor Spheroids of an Aggressive Form of Central Neurocytoma Have Transit-Amplifying Progenitor Characteristics with Enhanced EGFR and Tumor Stem Cell Signaling. Exp Neurobiol 2021; 30:120-143. [PMID: 33972466 PMCID: PMC8118755 DOI: 10.5607/en21004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Central neurocytoma (CN) has been known as a benign neuronal tumor. In rare cases, CN undergoes malignant transformation to glioblastomas (GBM). Here we examined its cellular origin by characterizing differentiation potential and gene expression of CN-spheroids. First, we demonstrate that both CN tissue and cultured primary cells recapitulate the hierarchal cellular composition of subventricular zone (SVZ), which is comprised of neural stem cells (NSCs), transit amplifying progenitors (TAPs), and neuroblasts. We then derived spheroids from CN which displayed EGFR+/MASH+ TAP and BLBP+ radial glial cell (RGC) characteristic, and mitotic neurogenesis and gliogenesis by single spheroids were observed with cycling multipotential cells. CN-spheroids expressed increased levels of pluripotency and tumor stem cell genes such as KLF4 and TPD5L1, when compared to their differentiated cells and human NSCs. Importantly, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that gene sets of GBM-Spheroids, EGFR Signaling, and Packaging of Telomere Ends are enriched in CN-spheroids in comparison with their differentiated cells. We speculate that CN tumor stem cells have TAP and RGC characteristics, and upregulation of EGFR signaling as well as downregulation of eph-ephrin signaling have critical roles in tumorigenesis of CN. And their ephemeral nature of TAPs destined to neuroblasts, might reflect benign nature of CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Han
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Hyung Woo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Yun Hwa Hong
- Department of Neurophysiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Yona Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Hyo Eun Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Kwang Woo Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Hye Ran Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Kiyoung Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Neurophysiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Man Seung Heo
- Smart Healthcare Medical Device Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Dong Gyu Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03082, Korea.,Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03082, Korea
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Ribeiro FF, Xapelli S. An Overview of Adult Neurogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1331:77-94. [PMID: 34453294 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74046-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is maintained in the mammalian brain throughout adulthood in two main regions: the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Adult neurogenesis is a process composed of multiple steps by which neurons are generated from dividing adult neural stem cells and migrate to be integrated into existing neuronal circuits. Alterations in any of these steps impair neurogenesis and may compromise brain function, leading to cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that modulate adult neurogenesis is the centre of attention of regenerative research. In this chapter, we review the main properties of the adult neurogenic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa F Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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7
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Zarco N, Norton E, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Guerrero-Cázares H. Overlapping migratory mechanisms between neural progenitor cells and brain tumor stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3553-3570. [PMID: 31101934 PMCID: PMC6698208 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells present in the subventricular zone (SVZ), the largest neurogenic niche of the mammalian brain, are able to self-renew as well as generate neural progenitor cells (NPCs). NPCs are highly migratory and traverse the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb, where they terminally differentiate into mature interneurons. NPCs from the SVZ are some of the few cells in the CNS that migrate long distances during adulthood. The migratory process of NPCs is highly regulated by intracellular pathway activation and signaling from the surrounding microenvironment. It involves modulation of cell volume, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and isolation from compact extracellular matrix. In malignant brain tumors including high-grade gliomas, there are cells called brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs) with similar stem cell characteristics to NPCs but with uncontrolled cell proliferation and contribute to tumor initiation capacity, tumor progression, invasion, and tumor maintenance. These BTSCs are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and their presence is believed to lead to tumor recurrence at distal sites from the original tumor location, principally due to their high migratory capacity. BTSCs are able to invade the brain parenchyma by utilizing many of the migratory mechanisms used by NPCs. However, they have an increased ability to infiltrate the tight brain parenchyma and utilize brain structures such as myelin tracts and blood vessels as migratory paths. In this article, we summarize recent findings on the mechanisms of cellular migration that overlap between NPCs and BTSCs. A better understanding of the intersection between NPCs and BTSCs will to provide a better comprehension of the BTSCs' invasive capacity and the molecular mechanisms that govern their migration and eventually lead to the development of new therapies to improve the prognosis of patients with malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanael Zarco
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Emily Norton
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Hugo Guerrero-Cázares
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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8
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Fujioka T, Kaneko N, Sawamoto K. Blood vessels as a scaffold for neuronal migration. Neurochem Int 2019; 126:69-73. [PMID: 30851365 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis and angiogenesis share regulatory factors that contribute to the formation of vascular networks and neuronal circuits in the brain. While crosstalk mechanisms between neural stem cells (NSCs) and the vasculature have been extensively investigated, recent studies have provided evidence that blood vessels also play an essential role in neuronal migration in the brain during development and regeneration. The mechanisms of the neuronal migration along blood vessels, referred to as "vascular-guided migration," are now being elucidated. The vascular endothelial cells secrete soluble factors that attract and promote neuronal migration in collaboration with astrocytes that enwrap the blood vessels. In addition, especially in the adult brain, the blood vessels serve as a migration scaffold for adult-born immature neurons generated in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), a germinal zone surrounding the lateral ventricles. The V-SVZ-derived immature neurons use the vascular scaffold to assist their migration toward an injured area after ischemic stroke, and contribute to neuronal regeneration. Here we review the current knowledge about the role of vasculature in neuronal migration and the molecular mechanisms controlling this process. While most of this research has been done in rodents, a comprehensive understanding of vasculature-guided neuronal migration could contribute to new therapeutic approaches for increasing new neurons in the brain after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Fujioka
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan; Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
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9
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Mansel C, Fross S, Rose J, Dema E, Mann A, Hart H, Klawinski P, Vohra BPS. Lead exposure reduces survival, neuronal determination, and differentiation of P19 stem cells. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2019; 72:58-70. [PMID: 30776472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a teratogen that poses health risks after acute and chronic exposure. Lead is deposited in the bones of adults and is continuously leached into the blood for decades. While this chronic lead exposure can have detrimental effects on adults such as high blood pressure and kidney damage, developing fetuses and young children are particularly vulnerable. During pregnancy, bone-deposited lead is released into the blood at increased rates and can cross the placental barrier, exposing the embryo to the toxin. Embryos exposed to lead display serious developmental and cognitive defects throughout life. Although studies have investigated lead's effect on late-stage embryos, few studies have examined how lead affects stem cell determination and differentiation. For example, it is unknown whether lead is more detrimental to neuronal determination or differentiation of stem cells. We sought to determine the effect of lead on the determination and differentiation of pluripotent embryonic testicular carcinoma (P19) cells into neurons. Our data indicate that lead exposure significantly inhibits the determination of P19 cells to the neuronal lineage by alteration of N-cadherin and Sox2 expression. We also observed that lead significantly alters subsequent neuronal and glial differentiation. Consequently, this research emphasizes the need to reduce public exposure to lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Mansel
- William Jewell College, Department of Biology, Liberty, MO, United States of America
| | - Shaneann Fross
- William Jewell College, Department of Biology, Liberty, MO, United States of America
| | - Jesse Rose
- William Jewell College, Department of Biology, Liberty, MO, United States of America
| | - Emily Dema
- William Jewell College, Department of Biology, Liberty, MO, United States of America
| | - Alexis Mann
- William Jewell College, Department of Biology, Liberty, MO, United States of America
| | - Haley Hart
- William Jewell College, Department of Biology, Liberty, MO, United States of America
| | - Paul Klawinski
- William Jewell College, Department of Biology, Liberty, MO, United States of America
| | - Bhupinder P S Vohra
- William Jewell College, Department of Biology, Liberty, MO, United States of America.
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10
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Detachment of Chain-Forming Neuroblasts by Fyn-Mediated Control of cell-cell Adhesion in the Postnatal Brain. J Neurosci 2018; 38:4598-4609. [PMID: 29661967 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1960-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the rodent olfactory system, neuroblasts produced in the ventricular-subventricular zone of the postnatal brain migrate tangentially in chain-like cell aggregates toward the olfactory bulb (OB) through the rostral migratory stream (RMS). After reaching the OB, the chains are dissociated and the neuroblasts migrate individually and radially toward their final destination. The cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling cell-cell adhesion during this detachment remain unclear. Here we report that Fyn, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, regulates the detachment of neuroblasts from chains in the male and female mouse OB. By performing chemical screening and in vivo loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments, we found that Fyn promotes somal disengagement from the chains and is involved in neuronal migration from the RMS into the granule cell layer of the OB. Fyn knockdown or Dab1 (disabled-1) deficiency caused p120-catenin to accumulate and adherens junction-like structures to be sustained at the contact sites between neuroblasts. Moreover, a Fyn and N-cadherin double-knockdown experiment indicated that Fyn regulates the N-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion between neuroblasts. These results suggest that the Fyn-mediated control of cell-cell adhesion is critical for the detachment of chain-forming neuroblasts in the postnatal OB.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In the postnatal brain, newly born neurons (neuroblasts) migrate in chain-like cell aggregates toward their destination, where they are dissociated into individual cells and mature. The cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling the detachment of neuroblasts from chains are not understood. Here we show that Fyn, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, promotes the somal detachment of neuroblasts from chains, and that this regulation is critical for the efficient migration of neuroblasts to their destination. We further show that Fyn and Dab1 (disabled-1) decrease the cell-cell adhesion between chain-forming neuroblasts, which involves adherens junction-like structures. Our results suggest that Fyn-mediated regulation of the cell-cell adhesion of neuroblasts is critical for their detachment from chains in the postnatal brain.
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11
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Liu Y, Yang F, Liang S, Liu Q, Fu S, Wang Z, Yang C, Lin J. N-Cadherin Upregulation Promotes the Neurogenic Differentiation of Menstrual Blood-Derived Endometrial Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:3250379. [PMID: 29692815 PMCID: PMC5859830 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3250379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries are typically caused by either trauma or medical disorders, and recently, stem cell-based therapies have provided a promising treatment approach. Menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells (MenSCs) are considered an ideal therapeutic option for peripheral nerve repair due to a noninvasive collection procedure and their high proliferation rate and immunological tolerance. Here, we successfully isolated MenSCs and examined their biological characteristics including their morphology, multipotency, and immunophenotype. Subsequent in vitro studies demonstrated that MenSCs express high levels of neurotrophic factors, such as NT3, NT4, BDNF, and NGF, and are capable of transdifferentiating into glial-like cells under conventional induction conditions. Moreover, upregulation of N-cadherin (N-cad) mRNA and protein expression was observed after neurogenic differentiation. In vivo studies clearly showed that N-cad knockdown via in utero electroporation perturbed the migration and maturation of mouse neural precursor cells (NPCs). Finally, a further transfection assay also confirmed that N-cad upregulation in MenSCs results in the expression of S100. Collectively, our results confirmed the paracrine effect of MenSCs on neuroprotection as well as their potential for transdifferentiation into glial-like cells and demonstrated that N-cad upregulation promotes the neurogenic differentiation of MenSCs, thereby providing support for transgenic MenSC-based therapy for peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Fen Yang
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Shengying Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Sulei Fu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Ciqing Yang
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Juntang Lin
- Stem Cell Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang 453003, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
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12
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Cataldi S, Arcuri C, Hunot S, Mecca C, Codini M, Laurenti ME, Ferri I, Loreti E, Garcia-Gil M, Traina G, Conte C, Ambesi-Impiombato FS, Beccari T, Curcio F, Albi E. Effect of Vitamin D in HN9.10e Embryonic Hippocampal Cells and in Hippocampus from MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:31. [PMID: 29467625 PMCID: PMC5808335 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been proven that neurogenesis continues in the adult brains of mammals in the dentatus gyrus of the hippocampus due to the presence of neural stem cells. Although a large number of studies have been carried out to highlight the localization of vitamin D receptor in hippocampus, the expression of vitamin D receptor in neurogenic dentatus gyrus of hippocampus in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the molecular mechanisms triggered by vitamin D underlying the production of differentiated neurons from embryonic cells remain unknown. Thus, we performed a preclinical in vivo study by inducing PD in mice with MPTP and showed a reduction of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vitamin D receptor in the dentatus gyrus of hippocampus. Then, we performed an in vitro study by inducing embryonic hippocampal cell differentiation with vitamin D. Interestingly, vitamin D stimulates the expression of its receptor. Vitamin D receptor is a transcription factor that probably is responsible for the upregulation of microtubule associated protein 2 and neurofilament heavy polypeptide genes. The latter increases heavy neurofilament protein expression, essential for neurofilament growth. Notably N-cadherin, implicated in activity for dendritic outgrowth, is upregulated by vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuela Cataldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stéphane Hunot
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelleépinière, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Mecca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria E. Laurenti
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ivana Ferri
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Loreti
- Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Traina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmela Conte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Albi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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13
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Kaneko N, Sawada M, Sawamoto K. Mechanisms of neuronal migration in the adult brain. J Neurochem 2017; 141:835-847. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medial Sciences; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Masato Sawada
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medial Sciences; Nagoya Aichi Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medial Sciences; Nagoya Aichi Japan
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration; National Institute for Physiological Sciences; Okazaki Aichi Japan
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14
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Matsuda M, Rand K, Palardy G, Shimizu N, Ikeda H, Dalle Nogare D, Itoh M, Chitnis AB. Epb41l5 competes with Delta as a substrate for Mib1 to coordinate specification and differentiation of neurons. Development 2016; 143:3085-96. [PMID: 27510968 DOI: 10.1242/dev.138743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We identified Erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1-like 5 (Epb41l5) as a substrate for the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mind bomb 1 (Mib1), which is essential for activation of Notch signaling. Although loss of Epb41l5 does not significantly alter the pattern of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) specified as neurons at the neural plate stage, it delays their delamination and differentiation after neurulation when NPCs normally acquire organized apical junctional complexes (AJCs) in the zebrafish hindbrain. Delays in differentiation are reduced by knocking down N-cadherin, a manipulation expected to help destabilize adherens junctions (AJs). This suggested that delays in neuronal differentiation in epb41l5-deficient embryos are related to a previously described role for Epb41l5 in facilitating disassembly of cadherin-dependent AJCs. Mib1 ubiquitylates Epb41l5 to promote its degradation. DeltaD can compete with Epb41l5 to reduce Mib1-dependent Epb41l5 degradation. In this context, increasing the number of NPCs specified to become neurons, i.e. cells expressing high levels of DeltaD, stabilizes Epb41l5 in the embryo. Together, these observations suggest that relatively high levels of Delta stabilize Epb41l5 in NPCs specified as neurons. This, we suggest, helps coordinate NPC specification with Epb41l5-dependent delamination and differentiation as neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Matsuda
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kinneret Rand
- Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Greg Palardy
- Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nobuyuki Shimizu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Hiromi Ikeda
- Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Damian Dalle Nogare
- Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Motoyuki Itoh
- Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Ajay B Chitnis
- Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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15
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Cao L, Pu J, Scott RH, Ching J, McCaig CD. Physiological electrical signals promote chain migration of neuroblasts by up-regulating P2Y1 purinergic receptors and enhancing cell adhesion. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 11:75-86. [PMID: 25096637 PMCID: PMC4333314 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblasts migrate as directed chains of cells during development and following brain damage. A fuller understanding of the mechanisms driving this will help define its developmental significance and in the refinement of strategies for brain repair using transplanted stem cells. Recently, we reported that in adult mouse there are ionic gradients within the extracellular spaces that create an electrical field (EF) within the rostral migratory stream (RMS), and that this acts as a guidance cue for neuroblast migration. Here, we demonstrate an endogenous EF in brain slices and show that mimicking this by applying an EF of physiological strength, switches on chain migration in mouse neurospheres and in the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. Firstly, we detected a substantial endogenous EF of 31.8 ± 4.5 mV/mm using microelectrode recordings from explants of the subventricular zone (SVZ). Pharmacological inhibition of this EF, effectively blocked chain migration in 3D cultures of SVZ explants. To mimic this EF, we applied a physiological EF and found that this increased the expression of N-cadherin and β-catenin, both of which promote cell-cell adhesion. Intriguingly, we found that the EF up-regulated P2Y purinoceptor 1 (P2Y1) to contribute to chain migration of neuroblasts through regulating the expression of N-cadherin, β-catenin and the activation of PKC. Our results indicate that the naturally occurring EF in brain serves as a novel stimulant and directional guidance cue for neuronal chain migration, via up-regulation of P2Y1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cao
- School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Jin Pu
- School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Roderick H. Scott
- School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Jared Ching
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - Colin D. McCaig
- School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
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16
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Capilla-Gonzalez V, Herranz-Pérez V, García-Verdugo JM. The aged brain: genesis and fate of residual progenitor cells in the subventricular zone. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:365. [PMID: 26441536 PMCID: PMC4585225 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the adult mammalian brain through life. The subventricular zone (SVZ) is the largest source of stem cells in the nervous system, and continuously generates new neuronal and glial cells involved in brain regeneration. During aging, the germinal potential of the SVZ suffers a widespread decline, but the causes of this turn down are not fully understood. This review provides a compilation of the current knowledge about the age-related changes in the NSC population, as well as the fate of the newly generated cells in the aged brain. It is known that the neurogenic capacity is clearly disrupted during aging, while the production of oligodendroglial cells is not compromised. Interestingly, the human brain seems to primarily preserve the ability to produce new oligodendrocytes instead of neurons, which could be related to the development of neurological disorders. Further studies in this matter are required to improve our understanding and the current strategies for fighting neurological diseases associated with senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Capilla-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, University of Valencia, CIBERNED Valencia, Spain ; Department of Stem Cells, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Seville, Spain
| | - Vicente Herranz-Pérez
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, University of Valencia, CIBERNED Valencia, Spain ; Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroregeneration Mixed Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel García-Verdugo
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, University of Valencia, CIBERNED Valencia, Spain ; Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroregeneration Mixed Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe Valencia, Spain
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17
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Coste C, Neirinckx V, Gothot A, Wislet S, Rogister B. Are neural crest stem cells the missing link between hematopoietic and neurogenic niches? Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:218. [PMID: 26136659 PMCID: PMC4469833 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic niches are defined as cellular and molecular microenvironments that regulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function together with stem cell autonomous mechanisms. Many different cell types have been characterized as contributors to the formation of HSC niches, such as osteoblasts, endothelial cells, Schwann cells, and mesenchymal progenitors. These mesenchymal progenitors have themselves been classified as CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells, stem cell factor expressing cells, or nestin-positive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have been recently identified as neural crest-derived cells (NCSCs). Together, these cells are spatially associated with HSCs and believed to provide appropriate microenvironments for HSC self-renewal, differentiation, mobilization and hibernation both by cell-cell contact and soluble factors. Interestingly, it appears that regulatory pathways governing the hematopoietic niche homeostasis are operating in the neurogenic niche as well. Therefore, this review paper aims to compare both the regulation of hematopoietic and neurogenic niches, in order to highlight the role of NCSCs and nervous system components in the development and the regulation of the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Coste
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Neurosciences, Unit of Nervous System Disorders and Treatment, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Virginie Neirinckx
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Neurosciences, Unit of Nervous System Disorders and Treatment, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - André Gothot
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège Liège, Belgium ; Hematology Department, University Hospital Liège, Belgium
| | - Sabine Wislet
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Neurosciences, Unit of Nervous System Disorders and Treatment, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Rogister
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Neurosciences, Unit of Nervous System Disorders and Treatment, University of Liège Liège, Belgium ; Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-Development, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Liège Liège, Belgium ; Neurology Department, University Hospital Liège, Belgium
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18
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Potential involvement of kinesin-1 in the regulation of subcellular localization of Girdin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:999-1005. [PMID: 26072378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Girdin is an actin-binding protein that has multiple functions in postnatal neural development and cancer progression. We previously showed that Girdin is a regulator of migration for neuroblasts born from neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the postnatal brain. Despite a growing list of Girdin-interacting proteins, the mechanism of Girdin-mediated migration has not been fully elucidated. Girdin interacts with Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 and partitioning-defective 3, both of which have been shown to interact with the kinesin microtubule motor proteins. Based on this, we have identified that Girdin also interacts with kinesin-1, a member of neuronal kinesin proteins. Although a direct interaction of Girdin and kinesin-1 has not been determined, it is of interest to find that Girdin loss-of-function mutant mice with the mutation of a basic amino acid residue-rich region (Basic mut mice) exhibit limited interaction with kinesin-1. Furthermore, expression of a kinesin-1 mutant with motor defects, leads to Girdin mislocalization. Finally, consistent with previous studies on the role of kinesin proteins in trafficking a cell-cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin, Basic mut mice showed an aberrant expression pattern of N-cadherin in migrating SVZ neuroblasts. These findings suggest a potential role of Girdin/kinesin-1 interaction in the regulation of neuroblast migration in the postnatal brain.
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19
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The role of the microenvironment on the fate of adult stem cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:639-48. [PMID: 25985755 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells (SCs) exist in all tissues that promote tissue growth, regeneration, and healing throughout life. The SC niche in which they reside provides signals that direct them to proliferate, differentiate, or remain dormant; these factors include neighboring cells, the extracellular matrix, soluble molecules, and physical stimuli. In disease and aging states, stable or transitory changes in the microenvironment can directly cause SC activation or inhibition in tissue healing as well as functional regulation. Here, we discuss the microenvironmental regulation of the behavior of SC and focus on plasticity approaches by which various environmental factors can enhance the function of SCs and more effectively direct the fate of SCs.
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20
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Miyamoto Y, Sakane F, Hashimoto K. N-cadherin-based adherens junction regulates the maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of neural progenitor cells during development. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 9:183-92. [PMID: 25869655 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1005466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review addresses our current understanding of the regulatory mechanism by which N-cadherin, a classical cadherin, affects neural progenitor cells (NPCs) during development. N-cadherin is responsible for the integrity of adherens junctions (AJs), which develop in the sub-apical region of NPCs in the neural tube and brain cortex. The apical domain, which contains the sub-apical region, is involved in the switching from symmetric proliferative division to asymmetric neurogenic division of NPCs. In addition, N-cadherin-based AJ is deeply involved in the apico-basal polarity of NPCs and the regulation of Wnt-β-catenin, hedgehog (Hh), and Notch signaling. In this review, we discuss the roles of N-cadherin in the maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of NPCs through components of AJ, β-catenin and αE-catenin.
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Key Words
- AJ, adherens junction
- EC, extracellular
- Fox, forkhead box
- Frz, frizzled
- GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein
- GSK3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3β
- Hes, hairly/enhancer of split
- Hh, hedgehog
- IP, intermediate progenitor
- KO, knockout
- LEF, lymphocyte enhancer factor
- N-cadherin
- NPC, neural progenitor cell
- Par, partition defective complex protein
- Ptc, Pached
- Smo, smoothened
- Sox2, sry (sex determining region Y)-box containing gene 2
- TA cell, transient amplifying cell; ZO-1, Zonula Occludens-1.
- TCF, T-cell factor
- aPKC, atypical protein kinase C
- adherens junction
- apico-basal polarity
- iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell
- neural progenitor cells
- ngn2, neurogenin 2
- shRNA, short hairpin RNA
- β-catenin
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Miyamoto
- a The Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences; Ochanomizu University ; Tokyo , Japan
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21
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Abstract
The arrival of multicellularity in evolution facilitated cell-cell signaling in conjunction with adhesion. As the ectodomains of cadherins interact with each other directly in trans (as well as in cis), spanning the plasma membrane and associating with multiple other entities, cadherins enable the transduction of "outside-in" or "inside-out" signals. We focus this review on signals that originate from the larger family of cadherins that are inwardly directed to the nucleus, and thus have roles in gene control or nuclear structure-function. The nature of cadherin complexes varies considerably depending on the type of cadherin and its context, and we will address some of these variables for classical cadherins versus other family members. Substantial but still fragmentary progress has been made in understanding the signaling mediators used by varied cadherin complexes to coordinate the state of cell-cell adhesion with gene expression. Evidence that cadherin intracellular binding partners also localize to the nucleus is a major point of interest. In some models, catenins show reduced binding to cadherin cytoplasmic tails favoring their engagement in gene control. When bound, cadherins may serve as stoichiometric competitors of nuclear signals. Cadherins also directly or indirectly affect numerous signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt, receptor tyrosine kinase, Hippo, NFκB, and JAK/STAT), enabling cell-cell contacts to touch upon multiple biological outcomes in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre D McCrea
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Program in Genes & Development, Graduate School in Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Meghan T Maher
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cara J Gottardi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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22
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Zhang Y, Brownstein AJ, Buonora M, Niikura K, Ho A, Correa da Rosa J, Kreek MJ, Ott J. Self administration of oxycodone alters synaptic plasticity gene expression in the hippocampus differentially in male adolescent and adult mice. Neuroscience 2014; 285:34-46. [PMID: 25446355 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abuse and addiction to prescription opioids such as oxycodone (a short-acting Mu opioid receptor (MOP-r) agonist) in adolescence is a pressing public health issue. We have previously shown differences in oxycodone self-administration behaviors between adolescent and adult C57BL/6J mice and expression of striatal neurotransmitter receptor genes, in areas involved in reward. In this study, we aimed to determine whether oxycodone self-administration differentially affects genes regulating synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of adolescent compared to adult mice, since the hippocampus may be involved in learning aspects associated with chronic drug self administration. Hippocampus was isolated for mRNA analysis from mice that had self administered oxycodone (0.25 mg/kg/infusion) 2h/day for 14 consecutive days or from yoked saline controls. Gene expression was analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a commercially available "synaptic plasticity" PCR array containing 84 genes. We found that adolescent and adult control mice significantly differed in the expression of several genes in the absence of oxycodone exposure, including those coding for mitogen-activated protein kinase, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma subunit, glutamate receptor, ionotropic AMPA2 and metabotropic 5. Chronic oxycodone self administration increased proviral integration site 1 (Pim1) and thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 mRNA levels compared to controls in both age groups. Both Pim1 and cadherin 2 mRNAs showed a significant combined effect of Drug Condition and Age × Drug Condition. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of both cadherin 2 and cAMP response element modulators showed an experiment-wise significant difference between oxycodone and saline control in adult but not in adolescent mice. Overall, this study demonstrates for the first time that chronic oxycodone self-administration differentially alters synaptic plasticity gene expression in the hippocampus of adolescent and adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - A J Brownstein
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M Buonora
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - K Niikura
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - A Ho
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Correa da Rosa
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M J Kreek
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Ott
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; The Laboratory of Statistical Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Porlan E, Martí-Prado B, Morante-Redolat JM, Consiglio A, Delgado AC, Kypta R, López-Otín C, Kirstein M, Fariñas I. MT5-MMP regulates adult neural stem cell functional quiescence through the cleavage of N-cadherin. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:629-38. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb2993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Wang Y, Xu Z, Kam LC, Shi P. Site-specific differentiation of neural stem cell regulated by micropatterned multicomponent interfaces. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:214-20. [PMID: 23798370 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell microenvironments are enriched by signals from a variety of components, which cooperate spatially and temporally to regulate cellular function. In vitro recapitulating such complexity in a well-controlled manner is elusive. Here, a platform for patterning multiple bio-active proteins on a single substrate is developed and optimized, and is used it to study the cooperative involvement of cell-matrix interaction and cell-cell signaling in regulating neural stem cell (NSC) function. An affinity-capturing-based multi-step microcontact printing is used to pattern, extracellular matrix proteins, and cell-cell signaling ligands, as intersecting lines on a nonadhesive background. Such design provides spatial segregation of signals from different extrinsic components, while allowing cell traffic between them during their proliferation and differentiation processes. Rat embryonic neural stem cells are cultured and characterized on the multicomponent substrates patterned with different combinations of fibronectin, N-cadherin, and Jagged1 proteins and allow to proliferate and differentiate over long term. It is found that local presentation of Notch signaling ligand (Jagged1) or cell adhesion molecule (N-cadherin) effectively modulate the balance between cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction, and significantly change the overall spatial remodeling of NSC differentiation. This platform provides an unambiguous approach to study the spatial and temporal cooperative involvement of different extrinsic components in regulating stem cell behavior. It is also readily expandable for inclusion of extra components and applicable to use with other types of cells, which provide a powerful tool for basic study of cell-material interaction or advanced tissue-interface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- 83 Tat Chee Ave, AC1-P6423, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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25
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Das A, Gajendra S, Falenta K, Oudin MJ, Peschard P, Feng S, Wu B, Marshall CJ, Doherty P, Guo W, Lalli G. RalA promotes a direct exocyst-Par6 interaction to regulate polarity in neuronal development. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:686-99. [PMID: 24284074 PMCID: PMC4007768 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.145037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell polarization is essential for neuronal development in both the embryonic and postnatal brain. Here, using primary cultures, in vivo postnatal electroporation and conditional genetic ablation, we show that the Ras-like small GTPase RalA and its effector, the exocyst, regulate the morphology and polarized migration of neural progenitors derived from the subventricular zone, a major neurogenic niche in the postnatal brain. Active RalA promotes the direct binding between the exocyst subunit Exo84 and the PDZ domain of Par6 through a non-canonical PDZ-binding motif. Blocking the Exo84-Par6 interaction impairs polarization in postnatal neural progenitors and cultured embryonic neurons. Our results provide the first in vivo characterization of RalA function in the mammalian brain and highlight a novel molecular mechanism for cell polarization. Given that the exocyst and the Par complex are conserved in many tissues, the functional significance of their interaction and its regulation by RalA are likely to be important in a wide range of polarization events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Das
- University of Pennsylvania Department of Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sangeetha Gajendra
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Katarzyna Falenta
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Madeleine J. Oudin
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Pascal Peschard
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Shanshan Feng
- University of Pennsylvania Department of Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bin Wu
- University of Pennsylvania Department of Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher J. Marshall
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Patrick Doherty
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Wei Guo
- University of Pennsylvania Department of Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Giovanna Lalli
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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26
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Lalli G. Extracellular Signals Controlling Neuroblast Migration in the Postnatal Brain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 800:149-80. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7687-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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27
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Paulson AF, Prasad MS, Thuringer AH, Manzerra P. Regulation of cadherin expression in nervous system development. Cell Adh Migr 2013; 8:19-28. [PMID: 24526207 DOI: 10.4161/cam.27839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review addresses our current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms for classical cadherin expression during development of the vertebrate nervous system. The complexity of the spatial and temporal expression patterns is linked to morphogenic and functional roles in the developing nervous system. While the regulatory networks controlling cadherin expression are not well understood, it is likely that the multiple signaling pathways active in the development of particular domains also regulate the specific cadherins expressed at that time and location. With the growing understanding of the broader roles of cadherins in cell-cell adhesion and non-adhesion processes, it is important to understand both the upstream regulation of cadherin expression and the downstream effects of specific cadherins within their cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia F Paulson
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences; Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota; Vermillion, SD USA
| | - Maneeshi S Prasad
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; Northwestern University; Evanston, IL USA
| | | | - Pasquale Manzerra
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences; Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota; Vermillion, SD USA
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28
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Noh YH, Cho HS, Kim DH, Kim OH, Park J, Lee SA, Yang HS, Sohn DS, Kim W, Kim D, Chung YH, Kim KY, Kim SS, Lee WB. N-acetylcysteine enhances neuronal differentiation of P19 embryonic stem cells via Akt and N-cadherin activation. Mol Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893312040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Zhou X, Xu X, Meng Q, Hu J, Zhi T, Shi Q, Yu R. Bex2 is Critical for Migration and Invasion in Malignant Glioma Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 50:78-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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30
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Pei Y, Brun SN, Markant SL, Lento W, Gibson P, Taketo MM, Giovannini M, Gilbertson RJ, Wechsler-Reya RJ. WNT signaling increases proliferation and impairs differentiation of stem cells in the developing cerebellum. Development 2012; 139:1724-33. [PMID: 22461560 DOI: 10.1242/dev.050104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The WNT pathway plays multiple roles in neural development and is crucial for establishment of the embryonic cerebellum. In addition, WNT pathway mutations are associated with medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children. However, the cell types within the cerebellum that are responsive to WNT signaling remain unknown. Here we investigate the effects of canonical WNT signaling on two important classes of progenitors in the developing cerebellum: multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) and granule neuron precursors (GNPs). We show that WNT pathway activation in vitro promotes proliferation of NSCs but not GNPs. Moreover, mice that express activated β-catenin in the cerebellar ventricular zone exhibit increased proliferation of NSCs in that region, whereas expression of the same protein in GNPs impairs proliferation. Although β-catenin-expressing NSCs proliferate they do not undergo prolonged expansion or neoplastic growth; rather, WNT signaling markedly interferes with their capacity for self-renewal and differentiation. At a molecular level, mutant NSCs exhibit increased expression of c-Myc, which might account for their transient proliferation, but also express high levels of bone morphogenetic proteins and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, which might contribute to their altered self-renewal and differentiation. These studies suggest that the WNT pathway is a potent regulator of cerebellar stem cell growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Pei
- Tumor Development Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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31
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Tanaka H. [Cadherin-induced remodeling of the synaptic junction]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2012; 139:93-8. [PMID: 22451462 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.139.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Abstract
The specification, maintenance, division and differentiation of stem cells are integral to the development and homeostasis of many tissues. These stem cells often live in specialized anatomical areas, called niches. While niches can be complex, most involve cell-cell interactions that are mediated by adherens junctions. A diverse array of functions have been attributed to adherens junctions in stem cell biology. These include physical anchoring to the niche, control of proliferation and division orientation, regulation of signaling cascades and of differentiation. In this review, a number of model stem cell systems that highlight various functions of adherens junctions are discussed. In addition, a summary of the current understanding of adherens junction function in mammalian tissues and embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells is provided. This analysis demonstrates that the roles of adherens junctions are surprisingly varied and integrated with both the anatomy and the physiology of the tissue.
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33
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Young A, Machacek DW, Dhara SK, Macleish PR, Benveniste M, Dodla MC, Sturkie CD, Stice SL. Ion channels and ionotropic receptors in human embryonic stem cell derived neural progenitors. Neuroscience 2011; 192:793-805. [PMID: 21672611 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human neural progenitor cells differentiated from human embryonic stem cells offer a potential cell source for studying neurodegenerative diseases and for drug screening assays. Previously, we demonstrated that human neural progenitors could be maintained in a proliferative state with the addition of leukemia inhibitory factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Here we demonstrate that 96 h after removal of basic fibroblast growth factor the neural progenitor cell culture was significantly altered and cell replication halted. Fourteen days after the removal of basic fibroblast growth factor, most cells expressed microtubule-associated protein 2 and TUJ1, markers characterizing a post-mitotic neuronal phenotype as well as neural developmental markers Cdh2 and Gbx2. Real-time PCR was performed to determine the ionotropic receptor subunit expression profile. Differentiated neural progenitors express subunits of glutamatergic, GABAergic, nicotinic, purinergic and transient receptor potential receptors. In addition, sodium and calcium channel subunits were also expressed. Functionally, virtually all the hNP cells tested under whole-cell voltage clamp exhibited delayed rectifier potassium channel currents and some differentiated cells exhibited tetrodotoxin-sensitive, voltage-dependent sodium channel current. Action potentials could also be elicited by currents injection under whole-cell current clamp in a minority of cells. These results indicate that removing basic fibroblast growth factor from the neural progenitor cell cultures leads to a post-mitotic state, and has the capability to produce excitable cells that can generate action potentials, a landmark characteristic of a neuronal phenotype. This is the first report of an efficient and simple means of generating human neuronal cells for ionotropic receptor assays and ultimately for electrically active human neural cell assays for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Young
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, 425 River Road Room 450, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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34
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From the vascular microenvironment to neurogenesis. Brain Res Bull 2011; 84:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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