1
|
Ahmadian N, Mahmoudi J, Talebi M, Molavi L, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Rostrup E, Ziaee M. Sleep deprivation disrupts striatal anti-apoptotic responses in 6-hydroxy dopamine-lesioned parkinsonian rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 21:1289-1296. [PMID: 30627374 PMCID: PMC6312672 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.28546.6919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): The present study was conducted to examine the effect of sleep deprivation (SD) on the anti-apoptotic pathways in Parkinsonian rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 40) were assigned to four groups (10 animals each): sham surgery (Sham), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned (OH), 6-OHDA-lesioned plus grid control (OH+GC), 6-OHDA-lesioned plus SD (OH+SD). Parkinson’s disease (PD) model was induced by the unilateral intra-striatal infusion of 6-OHDA (10 µg/rat). SD (4 hr/day, for 14 days) was induced using a multiple platforms water tank. On the last day of interventions, animals were subjected to open field test for horizontal motor performance assessment. Also, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Bcl-2 and Bax were assessed in the striatum of study groups. Results: SD obscured the motor deficits of PD animals observed in open field test. BDNF level and Bcl2/Bax ratio significantly increased in the OH group, and SD reduced their levels in the PD animals. Conclusion: SD suppressed the anti-apoptotic compensatory responses in the striatum; therefore, it may accelerate continual neuronal cell death in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Ahmadian
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Talebi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Molavi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rahmani F, Saghazadeh A, Rahmani M, Teixeira AL, Rezaei N, Aghamollaii V, Ardebili HE. Plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with Parkinson disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Res 2018; 1704:127-136. [PMID: 30296429 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an abundant neurotrophin in the adult brain. Serum BDNF levels might be used as a proxy for its central expression. Considering conflicting reports, we aimed to answer "How do serum/CSF levels of BDNF change in patients with PD?". METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search in MEDLINE, EMBASE and SCOPUS databases including 12 eligible studies. Five studies compared BDNF in serum of PD patients versus healthy controls (HC) and 3 studies provided BDNF levels in sera of non-depressed and depressed PD patients (NDPD and DPD). Review Manager and Software version 3.0 were used for meta-analysis and meta-regressions. Mean difference (MD) was used for measurement of effect size. RESULTS PD patients had reduced serum BDNF levels compared to HC (MD = -2.99 ng/mL). Serum BDNF was highest in DPD patients compared to HC (MD = -4.83 ng/mL), with no difference between DPD and NDPD patients in serum BDNF levels. Among co-variates that were eligible for meta-regression, age, sex, and Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) motor stage had significant positive associations with the effect size in the difference of serum BDNF between patients and HC. CONCLUSIONS PD patients had reduced serum BDNF levels compared to HC, regardless of presence of co-morbid depression. PD is at least equally effective in reducing serum BDNF levels as depression. Motor progression predicts serum BDNF downregulation in PD. Acute exercise improves motor function and depressive symptoms in PD probably via BDNF upregulation. The paradoxical rise in serum BDNF in advance PD is probably compensatory in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Rahmani
- Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amene Saghazadeh
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahmani
- Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antonio L Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Nima Rezaei
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, USA; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vajiheh Aghamollaii
- Department of Neurology, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Eftekhar Ardebili
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Molina-Mateo D, Fuenzalida-Uribe N, Hidalgo S, Molina-Fernández C, Abarca J, Zárate RV, Escandón M, Figueroa R, Tevy MF, Campusano JM. Characterization of a presymptomatic stage in a Drosophila Parkinson's disease model: Unveiling dopaminergic compensatory mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2882-2890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
4
|
Blanco-Lezcano L, Jimenez-Martin J, Díaz-Hung ML, Alberti-Amador E, Wong-Guerra M, González-Fraguela ME, Estupiñán-Díaz B, Serrano-Sánchez T, Francis-Turner L, Delgado-Ocaña S, Núñez-Figueredo Y, Vega-Hurtado Y, Fernández-Jiménez I. Motor dysfunction and alterations in glutathione concentration, cholinesterase activity, and BDNF expression in substantia nigra pars compacta in rats with pedunculopontine lesion. Neuroscience 2017; 348:83-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
5
|
Lu KW, Yang J, Hsieh CL, Hsu YC, Lin YW. Electroacupuncture restores spatial learning and downregulates phosphorylated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Acupunct Med 2016; 35:133-141. [PMID: 27531695 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2015-011041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. PD can be classified as idiopathic, acquired or hereditary and may be caused by various factors such as oxidative stress, loss of mitochondrial function, neuronal excitotoxicity or calcium imbalance. METHODS We hypothesised that electroacupuncture (EA) at KI3 would reduce neuronal excitotoxicity by regulating N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function and may represent a novel therapeutic approach for PD. RESULTS Our results showed that deficits in spatial learning (reflected by the escape latency time in the Morris water maze task) and long-term potentiation (LTP) caused by systemic 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) administration (that damages dopaminergic neurons) could be rescued by EA on day 3. In PD mice, phosphorylated NMDA receptor subunits NR1 and NR2B were elevated (134.03±10.17% and 123.46±3.47% of baseline levels, respectively) but total NR1 and NR2B was unaffected (101.37±3.87% and 102.61±4.22% of baseline, respectively). Elevated levels of pNR1 and pNR2B, and phosphorylated forms of protein kinase A, protein kinase C, α Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinases (pERK), and cAMP response element-binding protein were also reduced following EA. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings suggest that EA can rescue learning and LTP deficits in a rodent model of PD. The results point to a possible role for EA-based approaches in the clinical treatment of learning deficits associated with PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Wen Lu
- College of Chinese Medicine, School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Hsieh
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Integrative Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Hsu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- College of Chinese Medicine, Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Beneficial effects of sodium butyrate in 6-OHDA induced neurotoxicity and behavioral abnormalities: Modulation of histone deacetylase activity. Behav Brain Res 2015; 291:306-314. [PMID: 26048426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Recent studies have investigated the involvement of epigenetic modifications in PD. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been reported to be beneficial in cognitive and motor deficit states. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of sodium butyrate, a HDAC inhibitor in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) - induced experimental PD like symptoms in rats. To produce motor deficit, 6-OHDA was administered unilaterally in the right medial forebrain bundle. Three weeks after 6-OHDA administration, the rats were challenged with apomorphine. Following this, the animals were treated with sodium butyrate (150 and 300 mg/kg i.p.) once daily for 14 days. Movement abnormalities were assessed by battery of behavioral tests. Biochemically, oxidative stress markers, neuroinflammation and dopamine were measured in striatal brain homogenate. Further, to explore the molecular mechanism(s), we measured the level of global H3 histone acetylation and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). 6-OHDA administration results in significant motor deficit along with reduction in striatal dopamine level. 6-OHDA treated rats showed elevated oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory markers. Treatment with sodium butyrate results in significant attenuation of motor deficits and increased striatal dopamine level. Moreover, sodium butyrate treatment attenuated the oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory markers. These effects occur concurrently with increased global H3 histone acetylation and BDNF levels. Thus, the observed results of the present study are indicative for the therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibitors in PD.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang D, Jacobs SA, Tsien JZ. Targeting the NMDA receptor subunit NR2B for treating or preventing age-related memory decline. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:1121-30. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.941286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
8
|
Vaghi V, Polacchini A, Baj G, Pinheiro VLM, Vicario A, Tongiorgi E. Pharmacological profile of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) splice variant translation using a novel drug screening assay: a "quantitative code". J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27702-13. [PMID: 25074925 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.586719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key regulator of neuronal development and plasticity. BDNF is a major pharmaceutical target in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. However, pharmacological modulation of this neurotrophin is challenging because BDNF is generated by multiple, alternatively spliced transcripts with different 5'- and 3'UTRs. Each BDNF mRNA variant is transcribed independently, but translation regulation is unknown. To evaluate the translatability of BDNF transcripts, we developed an in vitro luciferase assay in human neuroblastoma cells. In unstimulated cells, each BDNF 5'- and 3'UTR determined a different basal translation level of the luciferase reporter gene. However, constructs with either a 5'UTR or a 3'UTR alone showed poor translation modulation by BDNF, KCl, dihydroxyphenylglycine, AMPA, NMDA, dopamine, acetylcholine, norepinephrine, or serotonin. Constructs consisting of the luciferase reporter gene flanked by the 5'UTR of one of the most abundant BDNF transcripts in the brain (exons 1, 2c, 4, and 6) and the long 3'UTR responded selectively to stimulation with the different receptor agonists, and only transcripts 2c and 6 were increased by the antidepressants desipramine and mirtazapine. We propose that BDNF mRNA variants represent "a quantitative code" for regulated expression of the protein. Thus, to discriminate the efficacy of drugs in stimulating BDNF synthesis, it is appropriate to use variant-specific in vitro screening tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vaghi
- From the Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessio Polacchini
- From the Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Baj
- From the Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Vera L M Pinheiro
- From the Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Annalisa Vicario
- From the Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Enrico Tongiorgi
- From the Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tuon T, Valvassori S, LOPES-BORGES J, Luciano T, Trom C, Silva L, Quevedo J, Souza C, Lira F, Pinho R. Physical training exerts neuroprotective effects in the regulation of neurochemical factors in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease. Neuroscience 2012; 227:305-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
10
|
Animal models of Parkinson's disease 2012. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2012; 2012:729428. [PMID: 23029629 PMCID: PMC3458279 DOI: 10.1155/2012/729428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
An NR2B-Dependent Decrease in the Expression of trkB Receptors Precedes the Disappearance of Dopaminergic Cells in Substantia Nigra in a Rat Model of Presymptomatic Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2012; 2012:129605. [PMID: 22720191 PMCID: PMC3377358 DOI: 10.1155/2012/129605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Compensatory changes occurring during presymptomatic stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) would explain that the clinical symptoms of the disease appear late, when the degenerative process is quite advanced. Several data support the proposition that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) could play a role in these plastic changes. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of the specific BDNF receptor, trkB, in a rat model of presymptomatic PD generated by intrastriatal injection of the neurotoxin 6-OHDA. Immunohistochemical studies revealed a decrease in trkB expression in SN pars compacta (SNc) seven days after 6-OHDA injection. At this time point, no change in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive (TH-IR) cells is detected, although a decrease is evident 14 days after neurotoxin injection. The decrease in TH-positive cells and trkB expression in SNc was significantly prevented by systemic administration of Ifenprodil, a specific antagonist of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors. Therefore, an NR2B-NMDA receptor-dependent decrease in trkB expression precedes the disappearance of TH-IR cells in SNc in response to 6-OHDA injection. These results support the idea that a functional coupling between NMDA receptors and BDNF/trkB signalling may be important for the maintenance of the dopaminergic phenotype in SNc during presymptomatic stages of PD.
Collapse
|
12
|
Riederer P, Sian-Hülsmann J. The significance of neuronal lateralisation in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 119:953-62. [PMID: 22367437 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The destruction of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and consequent depletion of striatal dopamine elicits the main movement deficits related to Parkinson's disease (PD). In the early stages of the illness, the motor symptoms are often exhibited asymmetrically. Thus, the onset of PD features starts on either the right or left side. The side of onset appears to determine the prognosis of the disorder and other features, such as right-side tremor dominance has a better prognosis in contrast to left-side dominant bradykinesia-rigidity. In addition, left-side onset of motor features is associated with cognitive decline. Therefore, an intricate relation appears to exist between the side of disease onset and progression/severity and other non-motor symptoms. Unilateral PD in turn corresponds to neuronal nigrostriatal degeneration in the contralateral hemisphere. Indeed positron emission tomography has demonstrated a positive correlation between symptom asymmetry and brain function (Hoorn et al. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 17:58-60, 2011), which corresponds to a unilateral pattern of degeneration. This phenomenon appears to be exclusive to PD. Additionally, the variation in motor symptom(s) dominance exhibited in the disorder conforms to the notion that PD is a spectrum disease with many sub-groups. Thus, clinical and post mortem studies on "lateralisation" may serve as a vital tool in understanding the mechanism(s) eliciting the characteristic destruction of the SN neurons. Additionally, it may be employed as a predictive indicator for the symptomology and prognosis of the illness thus allowing selective treatment strategies targeted at the pronounced hemispheric degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Riederer
- Clinical Neurochemistry, National Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Fuechsleinstrasse 15, Würzburg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Salvatore MF, Pruett BS. Dichotomy of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine regulation between somatodendritic and terminal field areas of nigrostriatal and mesoaccumbens pathways. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29867. [PMID: 22242182 PMCID: PMC3252325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Measures of dopamine-regulating proteins in somatodendritic regions are often used only as static indicators of neuron viability, overlooking the possible impact of somatodendritic dopamine (DA) signaling on behavior and the potential autonomy of DA regulation between somatodendritic and terminal field compartments. DA reuptake capacity is less in somatodendritic regions, possibly placing a greater burden on de novo DA biosynthesis within this compartment to maintain DA signaling. Therefore, regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity may be particularly critical for somatodendritic DA signaling. Phosphorylation of TH at ser31 or ser40 can increase activity, but their impact on L-DOPA biosynthesis in vivo is unknown. Thus, determining their relationship with L-DOPA tissue content could reveal a mechanism by which DA signaling is normally maintained. In Brown-Norway Fischer 344 F1 hybrid rats, we quantified TH phosphorylation versus L-DOPA accumulation. After inhibition of aromatic acid decarboxylase, L-DOPA tissue content per recovered TH protein was greatest in NAc, matched by differences in ser31, but not ser40, phosphorylation. The L-DOPA per catecholamine and DA turnover ratios were significantly greater in SN and VTA, suggesting greater reliance on de novo DA biosynthesis therein. These compartmental differences reflected an overall autonomy of DA regulation, as seen by decreased DA content in SN and VTA, but not in striatum or NAc, following short-term DA biosynthesis inhibition from local infusion of the TH inhibitor α-methyl-p-tyrosine, as well as in the long-term process of aging. Such data suggest ser31 phosphorylation plays a significant role in regulating TH activity in vivo, particularly in somatodendritic regions, which may have a greater reliance on de novo DA biosynthesis. Thus, to the extent that somatodendritic DA release affects behavior, TH regulation in the midbrain may be critical for DA bioavailability to influence behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fahnestock M. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: the link between amyloid-β and memory loss. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.11.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a critical molecule for learning and memory. Brain BDNF levels correlate with cognitive status. BDNF is downregulated in Alzheimer’s disease, in age-related cognitive impairment and in a variety of other neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders exhibiting cognitive deficits. BDNF is downregulated in the Alzheimer’s disease brain by soluble, aggregated amyloid-β, acting via a pathway involving the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein, which activates BDNF transcript IV. The complete pathway by which BDNF is downregulated is still unclear, and the diagnostic and therapeutic use of BDNF in neurodegenerative disease has not yet been exploited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Fahnestock
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Breuskin I, Bodson M, Thelen N, Thiry M, Borgs L, Nguyen L, Stolt C, Wegner M, Lefebvre PP, Malgrange B. Glial but not neuronal development in the cochleo-vestibular ganglion requires Sox10. J Neurochem 2010; 114:1827-39. [PMID: 20626560 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The cochleo-vestibular ganglion contains neural crest-derived glial cells and sensory neurons that are derived from the neurogenic otic placode. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate the tightly orchestrated development of this structure. Here, we report that Sox10, a high-mobility group DNA-binding domain transcription factor that is required for the proper development of neural crest cell derivatives, is specifically expressed in post-migratory neural crest cells in the cochleo-vestibular ganglion. Using Sox10-deficient mice, we demonstrate that this transcription factor is essential for the survival, but not the generation, of the post-migratory neural crest cells within the inner ear. In the absence of these neural crest-derived cells, we have investigated the survival of the otocyst-derived auditory neurons. Surprisingly, auditory neuron differentiation, sensory target innervation and survival are conserved despite the absence of glial cells. Moreover, brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression is increased in the hair cells of Sox10-deficient mice, a compensatory mechanism that may prevent spiral ganglion neuronal cell death. Taken together, these data suggest that in the absence of neural crest-derived glial cells, an increase trophic support from hair cells promotes the survival of spiral ganglion neurons in Sox10 mutant mice.
Collapse
|
16
|
Intranigral transplantation of epigenetically induced BDNF-secreting human mesenchymal stem cells: implications for cell-based therapies in Parkinson's disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2010; 16:1530-40. [PMID: 20542127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is thought that the ability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) to deliver neurotrophic factors might be potentially useful for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of the present study was to characterize signals and/or molecules that regulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression/delivery in hMSC cultures and evaluate the effect of epigenetically generated BDNF-secreting hMSC on the intact and lesioned substantia nigra (SN). We tested 4 different culture media and found that the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) decreased the expression of BDNF, whereas exogenous addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to serum-free medium was required to induce BDNF release (125 ± 12 pg/day/10⁶ cells). These cells were called hM(N)SC. Although the induction medium inhibited the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (ASMA), an hMSC marker, and increased the nestin-positive subpopulation of hMSC cultures, the ability to express BDNF was restricted to the nestin-negative subpopulation. One week after transplantation into the SN, the human cells integrated into the surrounding tissue, and some showed a dopaminergic phenotype. We also observed the activation of Trk receptors for neurotrophic factors around the implant site, including the BDNF receptor TrkB. When we transplanted these cells into the unilateral lesioned SN induced by striatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a significant hypertrophy of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)(+) cells, an increase of striatal TH-staining and stabilization of amphetamine-induced motor symptoms were observed. Therefore, hMSC cultures exposed to the described induction medium might be highly useful as a vehicle for neurotrophic delivery to the brain and specifically are strong candidates for future therapeutic application in Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder for which there is currently no effective therapy. Over the past several decades, there has been a considerable interest in neuroprotective therapies using trophic factors to alleviate the symptoms of PD. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are a class of molecules that influence a number of neuronal functions, including cell survival and axonal growth. Experimental studies in animal models suggest that members of neurotrophin family and GDNF family of ligands (GFLs) have the potent ability to protect degenerating dopamine neurons as well as promote regeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine system. In clinical trials, although no serious adverse events related to the NTF therapy has been reported in patients, they remain inconclusive. In this chapter, we attempt to give a brief overview on several different growth factors that have been explored for use in animal models of PD and those already used in PD patients.
Collapse
|