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Lei T, Xiao Z, Bi W, Cai S, Yang Y, Du H. Targeting small heat shock proteins to degrade aggregates as a potential strategy in neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 82:101769. [PMID: 36283618 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are aging-related diseases that involve the death of neurons in the brain. Dysregulation of protein homeostasis leads to the production of toxic proteins or the formation of aggregates, which is the pathological basis of NDs. Small heat shock proteins (HSPB) is involved in the establishment of a protein quality control (PQC) system to maintain cellular homeostasis. HSPB can be secreted into the extracellular space and delivered by various routes, especially extracellular vehicles (EVs). HSPB plays an important role in influencing the aggregation phase of toxic proteins involved in heat shock transcription factor (HSF) regulation, oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis pathways. HSPB conferred neuroprotective effects by resisting toxic protein aggregation, reducing autophagy and reducing neuronal apoptosis. The HSPB treatment strategies, including targeted PQC system therapy and delivery of EVs-HSPB, can improve disease manifestations for NDs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the impact of HSPB in NDs and the feasibility of new technology to enhance HSPB expression and EVs-HSPB delivery for neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lei
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wangyu Bi
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shanglin Cai
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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2
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Leung HW, Foo G, VanDongen A. Arc Regulates Transcription of Genes for Plasticity, Excitability and Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081946. [PMID: 36009494 PMCID: PMC9405677 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immediate early gene Arc is a master regulator of synaptic function and a critical determinant of memory consolidation. Here, we show that Arc interacts with dynamic chromatin and closely associates with histone markers for active enhancers and transcription in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Both these histone modifications, H3K27Ac and H3K9Ac, have recently been shown to be upregulated in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). When Arc induction by pharmacological network activation was prevented using a short hairpin RNA, the expression profile was altered for over 1900 genes, which included genes associated with synaptic function, neuronal plasticity, intrinsic excitability, and signalling pathways. Interestingly, about 100 Arc-dependent genes are associated with the pathophysiology of AD. When endogenous Arc expression was induced in HEK293T cells, the transcription of many neuronal genes was increased, suggesting that Arc can control expression in the absence of activated signalling pathways. Taken together, these data establish Arc as a master regulator of neuronal activity-dependent gene expression and suggest that it plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Foo
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Antonius VanDongen
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Correspondence:
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3
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Zhang G, Zhang Y, Shen Y, Wang Y, Zhao M, Sun L. The Potential Role of Ferroptosis in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:907-925. [PMID: 33646161 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia, accounting for approximately 60%-80%of all cases. Although much effort has been made over the years, the precise mechanism of AD has not been completely elucidated. Recently, great attention has shifted to the roles of iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress in AD pathogenesis. We also note that these pathological events are the vital regulators of a novel regulatory cell death, termed ferroptosis-an iron-dependent, oxidative, non-apoptotic cell death. Ferroptosis differs from apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy with respect to morphology, biochemistry, and genetics. Mounting evidence suggests that ferroptosis may be involved in neurological disorders, including AD. Here, we review the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis; discuss the potential interaction between AD and ferroptosis in terms of iron metabolism, lipid peroxidation, and the glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4 axis; and describe some associated studies that have explored the implication of ferroptosis in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimei Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxin Shen
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongchun Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Madadi S, Schwarzenbach H, Saidijam M, Mahjub R, Soleimani M. Potential microRNA-related targets in clearance pathways of amyloid-β: novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:91. [PMID: 31749959 PMCID: PMC6852943 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalance between amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide synthesis and clearance results in Aβ deregulation. Failure to clear these peptides appears to cause the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In recent years, microRNAs have become established key regulators of biological processes that relate among others to the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. This review article gives an overview on microRNAs that are involved in the Aβ cascade and discusses their inhibitory impact on their target mRNAs whose products participate in Aβ clearance. Understanding of the mechanism of microRNA in the associated signal pathways could identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Madadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heidi Schwarzenbach
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Mahjub
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Meysam Soleimani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Owen MC, Gnutt D, Gao M, Wärmländer SKTS, Jarvet J, Gräslund A, Winter R, Ebbinghaus S, Strodel B. Effects of in vivo conditions on amyloid aggregation. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3946-3996. [PMID: 31192324 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00034d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the grand challenges of biophysical chemistry is to understand the principles that govern protein misfolding and aggregation, which is a highly complex process that is sensitive to initial conditions, operates on a huge range of length- and timescales, and has products that range from protein dimers to macroscopic amyloid fibrils. Aberrant aggregation is associated with more than 25 diseases, which include Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and type II diabetes. Amyloid aggregation has been extensively studied in the test tube, therefore under conditions that are far from physiological relevance. Hence, there is dire need to extend these investigations to in vivo conditions where amyloid formation is affected by a myriad of biochemical interactions. As a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, these interactions need to be understood in detail to develop novel therapeutic interventions, as millions of people globally suffer from neurodegenerative disorders and type II diabetes. The aim of this review is to document the progress in the research on amyloid formation from a physicochemical perspective with a special focus on the physiological factors influencing the aggregation of the amyloid-β peptide, the islet amyloid polypeptide, α-synuclein, and the hungingtin protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Owen
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - David Gnutt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Lead Discovery Wuppertal, Bayer AG, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mimi Gao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian K T S Wärmländer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jüri Jarvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Winter
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simon Ebbinghaus
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 42525 Jülich, Germany. and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Arispe N, De Maio A. Memory Loss and the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease Could Be Under the Control of Extracellular Heat Shock Proteins. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 63:927-934. [PMID: 29689729 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major contemporary and escalating malady in which amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are the most likely causative agent. Aβ peptides spontaneously tend to aggregate in extracellular fluids following a progression from a monomeric state, through intermediate forms, ending in amyloid fibers and plaques. It is generally accepted now that the neurotoxic agents leading to cellular death, memory loss, and other AD characteristics are the Aβ intermediate aggregated states. However, Aβ peptides are continuously produced, released into the extracellular space, and rapidly cleared from healthy brains. Coincidentally, members of the heat shock proteins (hsp) family are present in the extracellular medium of healthy cells and body fluids, opening the possibility that hsps and Aβ could meet and interact in the extracellular milieu of the brain. In this perspective and reflection article, we place our investigation showing that the presence of Hsp70s mitigate the formation of low molecular weight Aβ peptide oligomers resulting in a reduction of cellular toxicity, in context of the current understanding of the disease. We propose that it may be an inverse relationship between the presence of Hsp70, the stage of Aβ oligomers, neurotoxicity, and the incidence of AD, particularly since the expression and circulating levels of hsp decrease with aging. Combining these observations, we propose that changes in the dynamics of Hsp70s and Aβ concentrations in the circulating brain fluids during aging defines the control of the formation of Aβ toxic aggregates, thus determining the conditions for neuron degeneration and the incidence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Arispe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Antonio De Maio
- Department of Surgery and Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Chiu YJ, Hsieh YH, Lin TH, Lee GC, Hsieh-Li HM, Sun YC, Chen CM, Chang KH, Lee-Chen GJ. Novel compound VB-037 inhibits Aβ aggregation and promotes neurite outgrowth through enhancement of HSP27 and reduction of P38 and JNK-mediated inflammation in cell models for Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2019; 125:175-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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8
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Chen VCH, Chiu CC, Weng JC, Chen LJ, Siow JY, Hsu TC, Tzang BS. Taurine reduces hyperactive behavior in SHR rats through upregulating the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Lee SY, Chiu YJ, Yang SM, Chen CM, Huang CC, Lee-Chen GJ, Lin W, Chang KH. Novel synthetic chalcone-coumarin hybrid for Aβ aggregation reduction, antioxidation, and neuroprotection. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1286-1298. [PMID: 30596401 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggregation of misfolded amyloid β (Aβ) in senile plaques causes oxidative stress and neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Compounds possessing antiaggregation and antioxidant properties are promising candidate compounds for AD treatment. METHODS We examined the potential of synthetic derivatives of licochalcone A and coumarin for inhibiting Aβ aggregation, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and providing neuroprotection by using biochemical assays and Tet-On Aβ-GFP 293/SH-SY5Y cell models for AD. RESULTS Among test compounds, LM-031, a novel chalcone-coumarin hybrid, inhibited Aβ aggregation and scavenged free oxygen radicals. LM-031 markedly reduced Aβ misfolding and ROS as well as promoted neurite outgrowth and inhibited acetylcholinesterase in Tet-On Aβ-GFP 293/SH-SY5Y cells. Mechanistic studies showed upregulation of the HSPB1 chaperone, NRF2/NQO1/GCLC pathway, and CREB/BDNF/BCL2 pathway. Decreased neurite outgrowth upon the induction of Aβ-GFP was rescued by LM-031, which was counteracted by knockdown of HSPB1, NRF2, or CREB. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings demonstrate that LM-031 exhibited antiaggregation, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects against Aβ toxicity by enhancing HSPB1 and the NRF2-related antioxidant pathway as well as by activating the CREB-dependent survival and antiapoptosis pathway. These results imply that LM-031 may be a new therapeutic compound for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ying Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jen Chiu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Mei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Rivera I, Capone R, Cauvi DM, Arispe N, De Maio A. Modulation of Alzheimer's amyloid β peptide oligomerization and toxicity by extracellular Hsp70. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:269-279. [PMID: 28956268 PMCID: PMC5823807 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to dementia caused by advanced neuronal dysfunction and death. The most significant symptoms of AD are observed at late stages of the disease when interventions are most likely too late to ameliorate the condition. Currently, the predominant theory for AD is the "amyloid hypothesis," which states that abnormally increased levels of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides result in the production of a variety of aggregates that are neurotoxic. The specific mechanisms for Aβ peptide-induced cytotoxicity have not yet been completely elucidated. However, since the majority of Aβ is released into the extracellular milieu, it is reasonable to assume that toxicity begins outside the cells and makes its way inside where it disrupts the basic cellular process resulting in cell death. There is increasing evidence that hsp, particularly Hsp70, are exported into the extracellular milieu by an active export mechanism independent of cell death. Therefore, both Aβ peptides and Hsp70 may coexist in a common environment during pathological conditions. We observed that Hsp70 affected the Aβ assembling process in vitro preventing oligomer formation. Moreover, the presence of Hsp70 reduced the Aβ peptide-induced toxicity of cultured neurons (N2A cells). These results suggest a potential mechanism for the reduction of the detrimental effects of Aβ peptides in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rivera
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery and Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0739, La Jolla, 92093-0739, CA, USA
- Initiative for Maximizing Student Development (IMSD) Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo Capone
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery and Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0739, La Jolla, 92093-0739, CA, USA
| | - David M Cauvi
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery and Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0739, La Jolla, 92093-0739, CA, USA
| | - Nelson Arispe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Antonio De Maio
- Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burns and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery and Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0739, La Jolla, 92093-0739, CA, USA.
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Nafar F, Clarke J, Mearow K. Coconut oil protects cortical neurons from amyloid beta toxicity by enhancing signaling of cell survival pathways. Neurochem Int 2017; 105:64-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Zhang B, He P, Lu Y, Bian X, Yang X, Fu X, Wu Y, Li D. HSF1 Relieves Amyloid-β-Induced Cardiomyocytes Apoptosis. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 72:579-87. [PMID: 25631374 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid-β in organs results in a series of diseases. Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) is the master regulator of genes encoding molecular chaperones and attenuates apoptosis induced by multiple factors. However, the role of HSF1 on amyloid-β-induced apoptosis is still unknown. The present study was aimed to explore the function of HSF1 in amyloid-β-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis. TUNEL assay and flow cytometry analysis were used to detect cell apoptosis. Phalloidin staining was used to detect cytoskeleton injury. Changes in expression levels of proteins involved in apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress were measured by Western blot. In our study, amyloid-β was found to promote apoptosis, impair cytoskeleton, and induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in isolated cardiomyocytes. However, these damaging effects of amyloid-β can be relieved by over-expression of HSF1, and the protective role of HSF1 might be associated with the regulation of HSPs expressions. Results of our study suggest that over-expression of HSF1 might become a promising gene therapeutic for the treatment of heart diseases associated with amyloid-β accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiru Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ping He
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Yonghao Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110024, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaohui Bian
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoying Fu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Detian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
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Nafar F, Williams JB, Mearow KM. Astrocytes release HspB1 in response to amyloid-β exposure in vitro. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 49:251-63. [PMID: 26444769 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although heat shock proteins are thought to function primarily as intracellular chaperones, the release and potential extracellular functions of heat shock proteins have been the focus of an increasing number of studies. Our particular interest is HspB1 (Hsp25/27) and as astrocytes are an in vivo source of HspB1 it is a reasonable possibility they could release HspB1 in response to local stresses. Using primary cultures of rat cortical astrocytes, we investigated the extracellular release of HspB1 with exposure to amyloid-β (Aβ). In order to assess potential mechanisms of release, we cotreated the cells with compounds that can modulate protein secretion including Brefeldin A, Methyl β-cyclodextrin, and MAP kinase inhibitors. Exposure to Aβ (0.1, 1.0, 2.0 μM) for 24-48 h resulted in a selective release of HspB1 that was insensitive to BFA treatment; none of the other inhibitors had any detectable influence. Protease protection assays indicated that some of the released HspB1 was associated with a membrane bound fraction, and analysis of exosomal preparations indicated the presence of HspB1 in exosomes. Finally, immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the extracellular HspB1 was able to interact with extracellular Aβ. In summary, Aβ can stimulate release of HspB1 from astrocytes, this release is insensitive to Golgi or lipid raft disruption, and HspB1 can be found either free in the medium or associated with exosomes. This release suggests that there is a potential for extracellular HspB1 to be able to bind and sequester extracellular Aβ.
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14
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Chang KH, Lin CH, Chen HC, Huang HY, Chen SL, Lin TH, Ramesh C, Huang CC, Fung HC, Wu YR, Huang HJ, Lee-Chen GJ, Hsieh-Li HM, Yao CF. The Potential of Indole/Indolylquinoline Compounds in Tau Misfolding Reduction by Enhancement of HSPB1. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 23:45-56. [PMID: 27424519 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibrillary tangles formed from tau misfolding have long been considered one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The misfolding of tau in AD correlates with the clinical progression of AD and inhibition or reversal of tau misfolding may protect the affected neurons. METHODS We generated 293 and SH-SY5Y cells expressing DsRed-tagged pro-aggregation mutant of repeat domain of tau (ΔK280 tauRD ) to test indole/indolylquinoline derivatives for reducing tau misfolding and neuroprotection. RESULTS Four of the 10 derivatives tested displayed good misfolding-inhibitory effects on Tet-On 293 cells. Among them, NC009-1 and NC009-7 enhanced heat-shock 27 kDa protein 1 (HSPB1) expression to increase ∆K280 tauRD -DsRed solubility and promoted neurite outgrowth in Tet-On SH-SY5Y cells. Knockdown of HSPB1 resulted in decreased ∆K280 tauRD -DsRed solubility and reduced neurite outgrowth, which were rescued by addition of NC009-1/NC009-7. Treatment with indole/indolylquinoline derivatives also improved neuronal cell viability and neurite outgrowth in mouse hippocampal primary culture under tau cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate how indole/indolylquinoline derivatives are likely to work in tau misfolding reduction, providing insight into the possible working mechanism of indole and indolylquinoline derivatives in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Chiang Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsien Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chintakunta Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Chung Fung
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hei-Jen Huang
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fa Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin CH, Hsieh YS, Wu YR, Hsu CJ, Chen HC, Huang WH, Chang KH, Hsieh-Li HM, Su MT, Sun YC, Lee GC, Lee-Chen GJ. Identifying GSK-3β kinase inhibitors of Alzheimer's disease: Virtual screening, enzyme, and cell assays. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 89:11-9. [PMID: 27094783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is widely known as a critical target protein for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). We utilized virtual screening to search databases for compounds with the potential to be used in drugs targeting GSK-3β kinase, and kinase as well as cell assays to investigate top-scored, selected compounds. Virtual screening of >1.1 million compounds in the ZINC and in-house databases was conducted using an optimized computational protocol in the docking program GOLD. Of the top-ranked compounds, 16 underwent a luminescent kinase assay and a cell assay using HEK293 cells expressing DsRed-tagged ΔK280 in the repeat domain of tau (tauRD). The compounds VB-003 (a potent GSK-3β inhibitor) and VB-008 (AM404, an anandamide transport inhibitor), with determined IC50 values of 0.25 and 5.4μM, respectively, were identified as reducing tau aggregation. Both compounds increased expression of phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9) and reduced endogenous tau phosphorylation at the sites of Ser202, Thr231, and Ser396. In the ∆K280 tauRD-DsRed SH-SY5Y cells, VB-008, but not VB-003, enhanced HSPB1 and GRP78 expression, increased ∆K280 tauRD-DsRed solubility, and promoted neurite outgrowth. Thus VB-008 performed best to the end of the present study. The identified compound VB-008 may guide the identification and synthesis of potential inhibitors analogous to this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shao Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Ting Chow Road Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jen Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Ting Chow Road Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Chiang Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Ting Chow Road Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Han Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Ting Chow Road Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei 10507, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Ting Chow Road Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsan Su
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Ting Chow Road Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Sun
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Ting Chow Road Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Chiun Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Ting Chow Road Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Ting Chow Road Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
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16
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Filipcik P, Cente M, Zilka N, Smolek T, Hanes J, Kucerak J, Opattova A, Kovacech B, Novak M. Intraneuronal accumulation of misfolded tau protein induces overexpression of Hsp27 in activated astrocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1219-29. [PMID: 25772164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of misfolded forms of microtubule associated, neuronal protein tau causes neurofibrillary degeneration typical of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. This process is accompanied by elevated cellular stress and concomitant deregulation of heat-shock proteins. We used a transgenic rat model of tauopathy to study involvement of heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) in the process of neurofibrillary degeneration, its cell type specific expression and correlation with the amount of insoluble tau protein aggregates. The expression of Hsp27-mRNA is more than doubled and levels of Hsp27 protein tripled in aged transgenic animals with tau pathology. The data revealed a strong positive and highly significant correlation between Hsp27-mRNA and amount of sarkosyl insoluble tau. Interestingly, intracellular accumulation of insoluble misfolded tau protein in neurons was associated with overexpression of Hsp27 almost exclusively in reactive astrocytes, not in neurons. The topological dissociation of neuronally expressed pathological tau and the induction of astrocytic Hsp27, GFAP, and Vimentin along with up-regulation of microglia specific markers such as CD18, CD68 and C3 point to cooperation of astrocytes, microglia and neurons in response to intra-neuronal accumulation of insoluble tau. Our data suggest that over expression of Hsp27 represents a part of microglia-mediated astrocytic response mechanism in the process of neurofibrillary degeneration, which is not necessarily associated with neuroprotection and which in contrary may accelerate neurodegeneration in late stage of the disease. This phenomenon should be considered during development of disease modifying strategies for treatment of tauopathies and AD via regulation of activity of Hsp27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Filipcik
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia; Axon Neuroscience SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Cente
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia; Axon Neuroscience SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Norbert Zilka
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia; Axon Neuroscience SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Smolek
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia; Axon Neuroscience SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Juraj Kucerak
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia; Axon Neuroscience SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alena Opattova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Branislav Kovacech
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia; Axon Neuroscience SE, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Novak
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84510 Bratislava, Slovakia; Axon Neuroscience SE, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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17
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Huang L, Liu X, Cheng B, Huang K. How our bodies fight amyloidosis: effects of physiological factors on pathogenic aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 568:46-55. [PMID: 25615529 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The process of protein aggregation from soluble amyloidogenic proteins to insoluble amyloid fibrils plays significant roles in the onset of over 30 human amyloidogenic diseases, such as Prion disease, Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Amyloid deposits are commonly found in patients suffered from amyloidosis; however, such deposits are rarely seen in healthy individuals, which may be largely attributed to the self-regulation in vivo. A vast number of physiological factors have been demonstrated to directly affect the process of amyloid formation in vivo. In this review, physiological factors that influence amyloidosis, including biological factors (chaperones, natural antibodies, enzymes, lipids and saccharides) and physicochemical factors (metal ions, pH environment, crowding and pressure, etc.), together with the mechanisms underlying these proteostasis effects, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianqi Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Xinran Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Biao Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, PR China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China; Centre for Biomedicine Research, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, Hubei 430075, PR China.
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18
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Dávila D, Jiménez-Mateos EM, Mooney CM, Velasco G, Henshall DC, Prehn JHM. Hsp27 binding to the 3'UTR of bim mRNA prevents neuronal death during oxidative stress-induced injury: a novel cytoprotective mechanism. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:3413-23. [PMID: 25187648 PMCID: PMC4214787 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-08-0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons face a changeable microenvironment and therefore need mechanisms that allow rapid switch on/off of their cytoprotective and apoptosis-inducing signaling pathways. Cellular mechanisms that control apoptosis activation include the regulation of pro/antiapoptotic mRNAs through their 3'-untranslated region (UTR). This region holds binding elements for RNA-binding proteins, which can control mRNA translation. Here we demonstrate that heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) prevents oxidative stress-induced cell death in cerebellar granule neurons by specific regulation of the mRNA for the proapoptotic BH3-only protein, Bim. Hsp27 depletion induced by oxidative stress using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) correlated with bim gene activation and subsequent neuronal death, whereas enhanced Hsp27 expression prevented these. This effect could not be explained by proteasomal degradation of Bim or bim promoter inhibition; however, it was associated with a specific increase in the levels of bim mRNA and with its binding to Hsp27. Finally, we determined that enhanced Hsp27 expression in neurons exposed to H2O2 or glutamate prevented the translation of a reporter plasmid where bim-3'UTR mRNA sequence was cloned downstream of a luciferase gene. These results suggest that repression of bim mRNA translation through binding to the 3'UTR constitutes a novel cytoprotective mechanism of Hsp27 during stress in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dávila
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and RCSI Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva M Jiménez-Mateos
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and RCSI Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Claire M Mooney
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and RCSI Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Guillermo Velasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David C Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and RCSI Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and RCSI Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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19
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Kong SMY, Chan BKK, Park JS, Hill KJ, Aitken JB, Cottle L, Farghaian H, Cole AR, Lay PA, Sue CM, Cooper AA. Parkinson's disease-linked human PARK9/ATP13A2 maintains zinc homeostasis and promotes α-Synuclein externalization via exosomes. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:2816-33. [PMID: 24603074 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein plays a central causative role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Increased expression of the P-type ATPase ion pump PARK9/ATP13A2 suppresses α-Synuclein toxicity in primary neurons. Our data indicate that ATP13A2 encodes a zinc pump; neurospheres from a compound heterozygous ATP13A2(-/-) patient and ATP13A2 knockdown cells are sensitive to zinc, whereas ATP13A2 over-expression in primary neurons confers zinc resistance. Reduced ATP13A2 expression significantly decreased vesicular zinc levels, indicating ATP13A2 facilitates transport of zinc into membrane-bound compartments or vesicles. Endogenous ATP13A2 localized to multi-vesicular bodies (MVBs), a late endosomal compartment located at the convergence point of the endosomal and autophagic pathways. Dysfunction in MVBs can cause a range of detrimental effects including lysosomal dysfunction and impaired delivery of endocytosed proteins/autophagy cargo to the lysosome, both of which have been observed in cells with reduced ATP13A2 function. MVBs also serve as the source of intra-luminal nanovesicles released extracellularly as exosomes that can contain a range of cargoes including α-Synuclein. Elevated ATP13A2 expression reduced intracellular α-Synuclein levels and increased α-Synuclein externalization in exosomes >3-fold whereas ATP13A2 knockdown decreased α-Synuclein externalization. An increased export of exosome-associated α-Synuclein may explain why surviving neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta in sporadic PD patients were observed to over-express ATP13A2. We propose ATP13A2's modulation of zinc levels in MVBs can regulate the biogenesis of exosomes capable of containing α-Synuclein. Our data indicate that ATP13A2 is the first PD-associated gene involved in exosome biogenesis and indicates a potential neuroprotective role of exosomes in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Y Kong
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
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20
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A study on the mechanism for neuron protection by heat shock protein after pre-acupuncture. WORLD JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE-MOXIBUSTION 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1003-5257(14)60039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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21
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Zeng L, Tan J, Lu W, Lu T, Hu Z. The potential role of small heat shock proteins in mitochondria. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2312-9. [PMID: 23917209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in cellular metabolism, calcium homeostasis, redox signaling and cell fates. Mitochondrial homeostasis is tightly regulated, and mitochondrial dysfunction is frequently associated with severe human pathologies. Small heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones that play major roles in development, stress responses, and diseases, and have been envisioned as targets for therapy. The mechanisms that lie behind the cytoprotection of small heat shock proteins are related to the regulation of mitochondrial functions. This review recapitulates the current knowledge of the expression of various small heat shock proteins in mitochondria and discusses their implication in the role of mitochondria and their regulation. Based on their involvement in mitochondrial normal physiology and pathology, a better understanding of their roles and regulation will pave the way for innovative approaches for the successful treatment of a range of stress-related syndromes whose etiology is based upon dysfunction of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuwang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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22
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Sörgjerd KM, Zako T, Sakono M, Stirling PC, Leroux MR, Saito T, Nilsson P, Sekimoto M, Saido TC, Maeda M. Human prefoldin inhibits amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrillation and contributes to formation of nontoxic Aβ aggregates. Biochemistry 2013; 52:3532-42. [PMID: 23614719 DOI: 10.1021/bi301705c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides represent key players in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and mounting evidence indicates that soluble Aβ oligomers mediate the toxicity. Prefoldin (PFD) is a molecular chaperone that prevents aggregation of misfolded proteins. Here we investigated the role of PFD in Aβ aggregation. First, we demonstrated that PFD is expressed in mouse brain by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry and found that PFD is upregulated in AD model APP23 transgenic mice. Then we investigated the effect of recombinant human PFD (hPFD) on Aβ(1-42) aggregation in vitro and found that hPFD inhibited Aβ fibrillation and induced formation of soluble Aβ oligomers. Interestingly, cell viability measurements using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed that Aβ oligomers formed by hPFD were 30-40% less toxic to cultured rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells or primary cortical neurons from embryonic C57BL/6CrSlc mice than previously reported Aβ oligomers (formed by archaeal PFD) and Aβ fibrils (p < 0.001). Thioflavin T measurements and immunoblotting indicated different structural properties for the different Aβ oligomers. Our findings show a relation between cytotoxicity of Aβ oligomers and structure and suggest a possible protective role of PFD in AD.
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23
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Chow AM, Tang DWF, Hanif A, Brown IR. Induction of heat shock proteins in cerebral cortical cultures by celastrol. Cell Stress Chaperones 2013; 18:155-60. [PMID: 22865541 PMCID: PMC3581628 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are 'protein misfolding disorders' of the mature nervous system that are characterized by the accumulation of protein aggregates and selective cell loss. Different brain regions are impacted, with Alzheimer's affecting cells in the cerebral cortex, Parkinson's targeting dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra and ALS causing degeneration of cells in the spinal cord. These diseases differ widely in frequency in the human population. Alzheimer's is more frequent than Parkinson's and ALS. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are 'protein repair agents' that provide a line of defense against misfolded, aggregation-prone proteins. We have suggested that differing levels of constitutively expressed Hsps (Hsc70 and Hsp27) in neural cell populations confer a variable buffering capacity against 'protein misfolding disorders' that correlates with the relative frequencies of these neurodegenerative diseases. The high relative frequency of Alzheimer's may due to low levels of Hsc70 and Hsp27 in affected cell populations that results in a reduced defense capacity against protein misfolding. Here, we demonstrate that celastrol, but not classical heat shock treatment, is effective in inducing a set of neuroprotective Hsps in cultures derived from cerebral cortices, including Hsp70, Hsp27 and Hsp32. This set of Hsps is induced by celastrol at 'days in vitro' (DIV) 13 when cultured cortical cells reached maturity. The inducibility of a set of neuroprotective Hsps in mature cortical cultures at DIV13 suggests that celastrol is a potential agent to counter Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative 'protein misfolding disorder' of the adult brain that targets cells in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari M. Chow
- Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Derek W. F. Tang
- Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Asad Hanif
- Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4 Canada
| | - Ian R. Brown
- Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4 Canada
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Liu R, Wu CX, Zhou D, Yang F, Tian S, Zhang L, Zhang TT, Du GH. Pinocembrin protects against β-amyloid-induced toxicity in neurons through inhibiting receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-independent signaling pathways and regulating mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis. BMC Med 2012; 10:105. [PMID: 22989295 PMCID: PMC3542580 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-10-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Interaction between Aβ and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been implicated in neuronal degeneration associated with this disease. Pinocembrin, a flavonoid abundant in propolis, has been reported to possess numerous biological activities beneficial to health. Our previous studies have demonstrated that pinocembrin has neuroprotective effects on ischemic and vascular dementia in animal models. It has been approved by the State Food and Drug Administration of China for clinical use in stroke patients. Against this background, we investigated the effects of pinocembrin on cognitive function and neuronal protection against Aβ-induced toxicity and explored its potential mechanism. METHODS Mice received an intracerebroventricular fusion of Aβ25-35. Pinocembrin was administrated orally at 20 mg/kg/day and 40 mg/kg/day for 8 days. Behavioral performance, cerebral cortex neuropil ultrastructure, neuronal degeneration and RAGE expression were assessed. Further, a RAGE-overexpressing cell model and an AD cell model were used for investigating the mechanisms of pinocembrin. The mechanisms underlying the efficacy of pinocembrin were conducted on target action, mitochondrial function and potential signal transduction using fluorescence-based multiparametric technologies on a high-content analysis platform. RESULTS Our results showed that oral administration of pinocembrin improved cognitive function, preserved the ultrastructural neuropil and decreased neurodegeneration of the cerebral cortex in Aβ25-35-treated mice. Pinocembrin did not have a significant effect on inhibiting Aβ1-42 production and scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, pinocembrin significantly inhibited the upregulation of RAGE transcripts and protein expression both in vivo and in vitro, and also markedly depressed the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-MAPKAP kinase-2 (MK2)-heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-c-Jun pathways and the downstream nuclear factor κB (NFκB) inflammatory response subsequent to Aβ-RAGE interaction. In addition, pinocembrin significantly alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction through improving mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress, and regulated mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis by restoration of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and cytochrome c and inactivation of caspase 3 and caspase 9. CONCLUSIONS Pinocembrin was shown to infer cognitive improvement and neuronal protection in AD models. The mechanisms of action of the compound were illustrated on RAGE-dependent transduction inhibition and mitochondrion protection. It appears to be a promising candidate for the prevention and therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- National Center of Pharmacological Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
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25
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Abisambra JF, Jinwal UK, Jones JR, Blair LJ, Koren J, Dickey CA. Exploiting the diversity of the heat-shock protein family for primary and secondary tauopathy therapeutics. Curr Neuropharmacol 2012; 9:623-31. [PMID: 22654720 PMCID: PMC3263456 DOI: 10.2174/157015911798376226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock protein (Hsp) family is an evolutionarily conserved system that is charged with preventing unfolded or misfolded proteins in the cell from aggregating. In Alzheimer’s disease, extracellular accumulation of the amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and intracellular aggregation of the microtubule associated protein tau may result from mechanisms involving chaperone proteins like the Hsps. Due to the ability of Hsps to regulate aberrantly accumulating proteins like Aβ and tau, therapeutic strategies are emerging that target this family of chaperones to modulate their pathobiology. This article focuses on the use of Hsp-based therapeutics for treating primary and secondary tauopathies like Alzheimer’s disease. It will particularly focus on the pharmacological targeting of the Hsp70/90 system and the value of manipulating Hsp27 for treating Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Abisambra
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
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26
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Carnini A, Scott LOM, Ahrendt E, Proft J, Winkfein RJ, Kim SW, Colicos MA, Braun JEA. Cell line specific modulation of extracellular aβ42 by Hsp40. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37755. [PMID: 22666389 PMCID: PMC3362613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are a set of molecular chaperones involved in cellular repair. They provide protective mechanisms that allow cells to survive potentially lethal insults, In response to a conditioning stress their expression is increased. Here we examined the connection between Hsps and Aβ(42), the amyloid peptide involved in the pathological sequence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Extracellular Aβ(42) associates with neuronal cells and is a major constituent of senile plaques, one of the hallmarks of AD. Although Hsps are generally thought to prevent accumulation of misfolded proteins, there is a lack of mechanistic evidence that heat shock chaperones directly modulate Aβ(42) toxicity. In this study we show that neither extracellular Aβ(42) nor Aβ(42/)PrP(C) trigger the heat shock response in neurons. To address the influence of the neuroprotective heat shock response on cellular Aβ(42), Western analysis of Aβ(42) was performed following external Aβ(42) application. Five hours after a conditioning heat shock, Aβ(42) association with CAD cells was increased compared to control neurons. However, at forty-eight hours following heat shock Aβ(42) levels were reduced compared to that found for control cells. Moreover, transient transfection of the stress induced Hsp40, decreased CAD levels of Aβ(42). In contrast to CAD cells, hippocampal neurons transfected with Hsp40 retained Aβ(42) indicating that Hsp40 modulation of Aβ(42) proteostasis is cell specific. Mutation of the conserved HPD motif within Hsp40 significantly reduced the Hsp40-mediated Aβ(42) increase in hippocampal cultures indicating the importance of this motif in regulating cellular Aβ(42). Our data reveal a biochemical link between Hsp40 expression and Aβ(42) proteostasis that is cell specific. Therefore, increasing Hsp40 therapeutically with the intention of interfering with the pathogenic cascade leading to neurodegeneration in AD should be pursued with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carnini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lucas O. M. Scott
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eva Ahrendt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Juliane Proft
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert J. Winkfein
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael A. Colicos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janice E. A. Braun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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27
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Yang QL, Yao CL, Wang ZY. Acute temperature and cadmium stress response characterization of small heat shock protein 27 in large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:190-7. [PMID: 21867773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are a group of molecular chaperones and play a crucial role in cell response to various stresses. In this study, we cloned and sequenced a small heat shock protein 27 (LcHSP27) cDNA from large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea. The full-length cDNA of LcHSP27 was 1227 bp, including a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 54 bp, a 3'-terminal UTR of 561 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 612 bp encoding a polypeptide of 203 amino acids. Three conserved phosphorylation sites of serine were identified in the deduced LcHSP27 amino acid sequence at positions 15, 91 and 95 respectively, and a typical α-crystallin domain was at positions 96-193. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LcHSP27 was categorized together with the HSP27 obtained from other fish. And a closer phylogenetic relationship of HSP27 was found with HSP22, then HSP30. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated the strongest expression of LcHSP27 in heart. However, expression of LcHSP27 in other examined tissues including muscle, brain, liver, spleen, kidney, gill, and blood was very weak. The impact of temperature and cadmium (Cd(2+)) stress on LcHSP27 expression was tested in liver and brain. The results showed that the levels of LcHSP27 expression increased significantly after low temperature (19°C) and high temperature (27°C and 31°C) stress both in liver and brain. And low temperature stress induced a higher LcHSP27 expression in liver. More important, LcHSP27 expression showed a dramatic up-regulation after a combined stress of temperature and cadmium (p<0.05). These results reveal that HSP27 may play an important role in the large yellow croaker response to temperature and cadmium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Lian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Helthy Mariculture for East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture of PRC, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
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Dokas LA, Malone AM, Williams FE, Nauli SM, Messer WS. Multiple protein kinases determine the phosphorylated state of the small heat shock protein, HSP27, in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Neuropharmacology 2011; 61:12-24. [PMID: 21338617 PMCID: PMC3105189 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, the cholinergic agonist, carbachol, stimulates phosphorylation of the small heat shock protein 27 (HSP27). Carbachol increases phosphorylation of both Ser-82 and Ser-78 while the phorbol ester, phorbol-12, 13-dibutyrate (PDB) affects only Ser-82. Muscarinic receptor activation by carbachol was confirmed by sensitivity of Ser-82 phosphorylation to hyoscyamine with no effect of nicotine or bradykinin. This response to carbachol is partially reduced by inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) with GF 109203X and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) with SB 203580. In contrast, phosphorylation produced by PDB is completely reversed by GF 109203X or CID 755673, an inhibitor of PKD. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase or Akt with LY 294002 or Akti-1/2 stimulates HSP27 phosphorylation while rapamycin, which inhibits mTORC1, does not. The stimulatory effect of Akti-1/2 is reversed by SB 203580 and correlates with increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation. SH-SY5Y cells differentiated with a low concentration of PDB and basic fibroblast growth factor to a more neuronal phenotype retain carbachol-, PDB- and Akti-1/2-responsive HSP27 phosphorylation. Immunofluorescence microscopy confirms increased HSP27 phosphorylation in response to carbachol or PDB. At cell margins, PDB causes f-actin to reorganize forming lamellipodial structures from which phospho-HSP27 is segregated. The resultant phenotypic change in cell morphology is dependent upon PKC, but not PKD, activity. The major conclusion from this study is that the phosphorylated state of HSP27 in SH-SY5Y cells results from integrated signaling involving PKC, p38 MAPK and Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A. Dokas
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, 3000 Arlington Avenue, The University of Toledo, Toledo OH 43614 USA
| | - Amy M. Malone
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, 3000 Arlington Avenue, The University of Toledo, Toledo OH 43614 USA
| | - Frederick E. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, 3000 Arlington Avenue, The University of Toledo, Toledo OH 43614 USA
| | - Surya M. Nauli
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, 3000 Arlington Avenue, The University of Toledo, Toledo OH 43614 USA
- Department of Medicinal & Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 3000 Arlington Avenue, The University of Toledo, Toledo OH 43614 USA
| | - William S. Messer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, 3000 Arlington Avenue, The University of Toledo, Toledo OH 43614 USA
- Department of Medicinal & Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 3000 Arlington Avenue, The University of Toledo, Toledo OH 43614 USA
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Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are molecular chaperones that protect cells from cytotoxic effects of protein misfolding and aggregation. HspB1, an sHsp commonly associated with senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), prevents the toxic effects of Aβ aggregates in vitro. However, the mechanism of this chaperone activity is poorly understood. Here, we observed that in two distinct transgenic mouse models of AD, mouse HspB1 (Hsp25) localized to the penumbral areas of plaques. We have demonstrated that substoichiometric amounts of human HspB1 (Hsp27) abolish the toxicity of Aβ oligomers on N2a (mouse neuroblastoma) cells. Using biochemical methods, spectroscopy, light scattering, and microscopy methods, we found that HspB1 sequesters toxic Aβ oligomers and converts them into large nontoxic aggregates. HspB1 was overexpressed in N2a cells in response to treatment with Aβ oligomers. Cultured neurons from HspB1-deficient mice were more sensitive to oligomer-mediated toxicity than were those from wild-type mice. Our results suggest that sequestration of oligomers by HspB1 constitutes a novel cytoprotective mechanism of proteostasis. Whether chaperone-mediated cytoprotective sequestration of toxic aggregates may bear clues to plaque deposition and may have potential therapeutic implications must be investigated in the future.
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Williams KL, Mearow KM. Phosphorylation status of heat shock protein 27 influences neurite growth in adult dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons in vitro. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:1160-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Stetler RA, Gan Y, Zhang W, Liou AK, Gao Y, Cao G, Chen J. Heat shock proteins: cellular and molecular mechanisms in the central nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 2010; 92:184-211. [PMID: 20685377 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 05/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that heat shock proteins (HSPs) are critical regulators in normal neural physiological function as well as in cell stress responses. The functions of HSPs represent an enormous and diverse range of cellular activities, far beyond the originally identified roles in protein folding and chaperoning. HSPs are now understood to be involved in processes such as synaptic transmission, autophagy, ER stress response, protein kinase and cell death signaling. In addition, manipulation of HSPs has robust effects on the fate of cells in neurological injury and disease states. The ongoing exploration of multiple HSP superfamilies has underscored the pluripotent nature of HSPs in the cellular context, and has demanded the recent revamping of the nomenclature referring to these families to reflect a re-organization based on structure and function. In keeping with this re-organization, we first discuss the HSP superfamilies in terms of protein structure, regulation, expression and distribution in the brain. We then explore major cellular functions of HSPs that are relevant to neural physiological states, and from there we discuss known and proposed HSP impacts on major neurological disease states. This review article presents a three-part discussion on the array of HSP families relevant to neuronal tissue, their cellular functions, and the exploration of therapeutic targets of these proteins in the context of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Anne Stetler
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
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