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de Almeida DL, Mendes Ferreira RC, Fonseca FC, Dias Machado DP, Aguiar DD, Guimaraes FS, Duarte IDG, Romero TRL. Cannabidiol induces systemic analgesia through activation of the PI3Kγ/nNOS/NO/KATP signaling pathway in neuropathic mice. A KATP channel S-nitrosylation-dependent mechanism. Nitric Oxide 2024; 146:1-9. [PMID: 38428514 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabidiol (CBD) is the second most abundant pharmacologically active component present in Cannabis sp. Unlike Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), it has no psychotomimetic effects and has recently received significant interest from the scientific community due to its potential to treat anxiety and epilepsy. CBD has excellent anti-inflammatory potential and can be used to treat some types of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the analgesic mechanism of cannabidiol administered systemically for the treatment of neuropathic pain and determine the endogenous mechanisms involved with this analgesia. METHODS Neuropathic pain was induced by sciatic nerve constriction surgery, and the nociceptive threshold was measured using the paw compression test in mice. RESULTS CBD produced dose-dependent antinociception after intraperitoneal injection. Selective inhibition of PI3Kγ dose-dependently reversed CBD-induced antinociception. Selective inhibition of nNOS enzymes reversed the antinociception induced by CBD, while selective inhibition of iNOS and eNOS did not alter this antinociception. However, the inhibition of cGMP production by guanylyl cyclase did not alter CBD-mediated antinociception, but selective blockade of ATP-sensitive K+ channels dose-dependently reversed CBD-induced antinociception. Inhibition of S-nitrosylation dose-dependently and completely reversed CBD-mediated antinociception. CONCLUSION Cannabidiol has an antinociceptive effect when administered systemically and this effect is mediated by the activation of PI3Kγ as well as by nitric oxide and subsequent direct S-nitrosylation of KATP channels on peripheral nociceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Francisco Silveira Guimaraes
- Department of Pharmacology, FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 13400, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
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Soares-Santos RR, Machado DP, Romero TL, Duarte IDG. Nitric oxide and potassium channels but not opioid and cannabinoid receptors mediate tramadol-induced peripheral antinociception in rat model of paw pressure withdrawal. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:218-227. [PMID: 37976474 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Tramadol, an analgesic classified as an "atypical opioid", exhibits both opioid and non-opioid mechanisms of action. This study aimed to explore these mechanisms, specifically the opioid-, cannabinoid-, nitric oxide-, and potassium channel-based mechanisms, which contribute to the peripheral antinociception effect of tramadol, in an experimental rat model. The nociceptive threshold was determined using paw pressure withdrawal. To examine the mechanisms of action, several substances were administered intraplantarly: naloxone, a non-selective opioid antagonist (50 µg/paw); AM251 (80 µg/paw) and AM630 (100 µg/paw) as the selective antagonists for types 1 and 2 cannabinoid receptors, respectively; nitric oxide synthase inhibitors L-NOArg, L-NIO, L-NPA, and L-NIL (24 µg/paw); and the enzyme inhibitors of guanylatocyclase and phosphodiesterase of cGMP, ODQ, and zaprinast. Additionally, potassium channel blockers glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium, dequalinium, and paxillin were used. The results showed that opioid and cannabinoid receptor antagonists did not reverse tramadol's effects. L-NOarg, L-NIO, and L-NPA partially reversed antinociception, while ODQ completely reversed, and zaprinast enhanced tramadol's antinociception effect. Notably, glibenclamide blocked tramadol's antinociception in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that tramadol's peripheral antinociception effect is likely mediated by the nitrergic pathway and sensitive ATP potassium channels, rather than the opioid and cannabinoid pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel R Soares-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Machado
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago L Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Igor D G Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Marchesi N, Fahmideh F, Pascale A, Allegri M, Govoni S. Neuropathic Pain in Aged People: An Unresolved Issue Open to Novel Drug Approaches, Focusing on Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:53-64. [PMID: 37550909 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230807103642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A majority of older patients suffer from neuropathic pain (NP) that significantly alters their daily activities and imposes a significant burden on health care. Multiple comorbidities and the risk of polypharmacy in the elderly make it challenging to determine the appropriate drug, dosage, and maintenance of therapy. Age-dependent processes play a contributing role in neuropathy given that diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most common form of neuropathy. This narrative review is mainly focused on the drug treatment approach for neuropathy-associated pain in aged people including both drugs and dietary supplements, considering the latter as add-on mechanism-based treatments to increase the effectiveness of usual treatments by implementing their activity or activating other analgesic pathways. On one hand, the limited clinical studies assessing the effectiveness and the adverse effects of existing pain management options in this age segment of the population (> 65), on the other hand, the expanding global demographics of the elderly contribute to building up an unresolved pain management problem that needs the attention of healthcare providers, researchers, and health authorities as well as the expansion of the current therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Marchesi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Foroogh Fahmideh
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Allegri
- Ensemble Hospitalier de la Cote - Centre Lemanique d'antalgie et Neuromodulation, Morges, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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4
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Aguiar DD, Petrocchi JA, da Silva GC, Lemos VS, Castor MGME, Perez ADC, Duarte IDG, Romero TRL. Participation of the cannabinoid system and the NO/cGMP/K ATP pathway in serotonin-induced peripheral antinociception. Neurosci Lett 2024; 818:137536. [PMID: 37898181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
It has already been shown that serotonin can release endocannabinoids at the spinal cord level, culminating in inhibition of the dorsal horn. At the peripheral level, cannabinoid receptors modulate primary afferent neurons by inhibiting calcium conductance and increasing potassium conductance. Studies have shown that after the activation of opioid receptors and cannabinoids, there is also the activation of the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway, inducing cellular hyperpolarization. In this study, we evaluated the participation of the cannabinoid system with subsequent activation of the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway in the peripheral antinociceptive effect of serotonin. The paw pressure test of mice was used in animals that had their sensitivity to pain increased due to an intraplantar injection of PGE2 (2 μg). Serotonin (250 ng/paw), administered locally in the right hind paw, induced antinociceptive effect. CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors antagonists, AM251 (20, 40 and 80 μg) and AM630 (25, 50 and 100 μg), respectively, reversed the serotonin-induced antinociceptive effect. MAFP (0.5 μg), an inhibitor of the FAAH enzyme that degrades anandamide, and JZL184 (3.75 μg), an inhibitor of the enzyme MAGL that degrades 2-AG, as well as the VDM11 (2.5 μg) inhibitor of anandamide reuptake, potentiated the antinociceptive effect induced by a low dose (62. 5 ng) of serotonin. In the evaluation of the participation of the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway, the antinociceptive effect of serotonin was reversed by the administration of the non-selective inhibitor of NOS isoforms L-NOarg (12.5, 25 and 50 μg) and by the selective inhibitor for the neuronal isoform LNPA (24 μg), as well as by the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ (25, 50 and 100 μg). Among potassium channel blockers, only Glibenclamide (20, 40 and 80 μg), an ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker, reversed the effect of serotonin. In addition, intraplantar administration of serotonin (250 ng) was shown to induce a significant increase in nitrite levels in the homogenate of the plantar surface of the paw of mice. Taken together, these data suggest that the antinociceptive effect of serotonin occurs by activation of the cannabinoid system with subsequent activation of the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Diniz Aguiar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Júlia Alvarenga Petrocchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Grazielle Caroline da Silva
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Soares Lemos
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marina Gomes Miranda E Castor
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Andrea de Castro Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Igor Dimitri Gama Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Roberto Lima Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-100 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Li DY, Gao SJ, Sun J, Zhang LQ, Wu JY, Song FH, Liu DQ, Zhou YQ, Mei W. Targeting the nitric oxide/cGMP signaling pathway to treat chronic pain. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:996-1003. [PMID: 36254980 PMCID: PMC9827765 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) signaling has been shown to act as a mediator involved in pain transmission and processing. In this review, we summarize and discuss the mechanisms of the NO/cGMP signaling pathway involved in chronic pain, including neuropathic pain, bone cancer pain, inflammatory pain, and morphine tolerance. The main process in the NO/cGMP signaling pathway in cells involves NO activating soluble guanylate cyclase, which leads to subsequent production of cGMP. cGMP then activates cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), resulting in the activation of multiple targets such as the opening of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. The activation of NO/cGMP signaling in the spinal cord evidently induces upregulation of downstream molecules, as well as reactive astrogliosis and microglial polarization which participate in the process of chronic pain. In dorsal root ganglion neurons, natriuretic peptide binds to particulate guanylyl cyclase, generating and further activating the cGMP/PKG pathway, and it also contributes to the development of chronic pain. Upregulation of multiple receptors is involved in activation of the NO/cGMP signaling pathway in various pain models. Notably the NO/cGMP signaling pathway induces expression of downstream effectors, exerting both algesic and analgesic effects in neuropathic pain and inflammatory pain. These findings suggest that activation of NO/cGMP signaling plays a constituent role in the development of chronic pain, and this signaling pathway with dual effects is an interesting and promising target for chronic pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shao-Jie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Long-Qing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fan-He Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dai-Qiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ya-Qun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China,Correspondence to: Wei Mei, ; Ya-Qun Zhou, .
| | - Wei Mei
- Correspondence to: Wei Mei, ; Ya-Qun Zhou, .
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Moura C, dos Santos R, Duarte L, Galdino G. Cannabinoid CB 2 receptors and spinal microglia are implicated in tingenone-mediated antinociception in mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.310200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ferreira RCM, Castor MGM, Piscitelli F, Di Marzo V, Duarte IDG, Romero TRL. The Involvement of the Endocannabinoid System in the Peripheral Antinociceptive Action of Ketamine. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2017; 19:487-495. [PMID: 29247851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine has been widely used as an analgesic and produces dissociative anesthetic effects. The antinociceptive effects of ketamine have been studied, but the involvement of endocannabinoids in these effects has not yet been investigated. In this study, we evaluated the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the peripheral antinociceptive effects induced by ketamine. All drugs were administered via the intraplantar route. To induce hyperalgesia, rat paws were injected with prostaglandin E2 (2 µg per paw). The nociceptive threshold for mechanical stimulation was measured in the right hind paw of Wistar rats using the Randall-Selitto test. The tissue levels of anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol, palmitoylethanolamide, and oleoylethanolamide were measured using liquid chromatography coupled to single quadrupole mass spectrometry. The administration of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) antagonist, N(piperidine-1yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl 1 pyrazolcarboxamide (20, 40, and 80 µg per paw), but not the cannabinoid receptor type 2 antagonist, 6-iodo-2-methyl-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl) (4-methoxyphenyl) methanone (100 µg per paw), antagonized the ketamine-induced peripheral antinociception in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the administration of the endocannabinoid metabolizing enzyme inhibitor (.5 µg per paw) or an AEA reuptake inhibitor, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)N(4Hydroxy2methylphenyl)5,8,11,14 eicosatetraenamide (2.5 µg per paw) significantly enhanced low-dose ketamine-induced peripheral antinociception. AEA paw levels were increased only after ketamine administration to prostaglandin E2-injected paws. These data suggest that ketamine, in the presence of a nociceptive stimulus, induces a selective release of AEA levels and subsequent CB1 cannabinoid activation at the peripheral level. PERSPECTIVE This study suggests that ketamine antinociception depends at least in part on AEA release and CB1 cannabinoid receptor activation in inflammatory conditions. This study could potentially help clinicians in the use of ketamine as a peripheral analgesic for inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata C M Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marina G M Castor
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Igor D G Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago R L Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Veloso CC, Ferreira RCM, Rodrigues VG, Duarte LP, Klein A, Duarte ID, Romero TRL, Perez AC. Tingenone, a pentacyclic triterpene, induces peripheral antinociception due to cannabinoid receptors activation in mice. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:227-233. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Freitas ACN, Silva GC, Pacheco DF, Pimenta AMC, Lemos VS, Duarte IDG, de Lima ME. The synthetic peptide PnPP-19 induces peripheral antinociception via activation of NO/cGMP/K ATP pathway: Role of eNOS and nNOS. Nitric Oxide 2017; 64:31-38. [PMID: 28087360 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND and purpose: The peptide PnPP-19, derived from the spider toxin PnTx2-6 (renamed as δ-CNTX-Pn1c), potentiates erectile function by activating the nitrergic system. Since NO has been studied as an antinociceptive molecule and PnPP-19 is known to induce peripheral antinociception, we intended to evaluate whether PnPP-19 could induce peripheral antinociception through activation of this pathway. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Nociceptive thresholds were measured by paw pressure test. PGE2 (2 μg/paw) was administered intraplantarly together with PnPP-19 and inhibitors/blockers of NOS, guanylyl cyclase and KATP channels. The nitrite concentration was accessed by Griess test. The expression and phosphorylation of eNOS and nNOS were determined by western blot. KEY RESULTS PnPP-19 (5, 10 and 20 μg/paw) induced peripheral antinociception in rats. Administration of NOS inhibitor (L-NOarg), selective nNOS inhibitor (L-NPA), guanylyl cyclase inhibitor (ODQ) and the blocker of KATP (glibenclamide) partially inhibited the antinociceptive effect of PnPP-19 (10 μg/paw). Tissue nitrite concentration increased after PnPP-19 (10 μg/paw) administration. Expression of eNOS and nNOS remained the same in all tested groups, however the phosphorylation of nNOS Ser852 (inactivation site) increased and phosphorylation of eNOS Ser1177 (activation site) decreased after PGE2 injection. Administration of PnPP-19 reverted this PGE2-induced effect. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The peripheral antinociceptive effect induced by PnPP-19 is resulting from activation of NO-cGMP-KATP pathway. Activation of eNOS and nNOS might be required for such effect. Our results suggest PnPP-19 as a new drug candidate to treat pain and reinforce the importance of nNOS and eNOS activation, as well as endogenous NO release, for induction of peripheral antinociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C N Freitas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil
| | - G C Silva
- Departamento Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil
| | - D F Pacheco
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil; Departamento Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil
| | - A M C Pimenta
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil
| | - V S Lemos
- Departamento Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil
| | - I D G Duarte
- Departamento Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil
| | - M E de Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, M.G., Brazil.
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Liu J, Parsons L, Pope C. Comparative effects of parathion and chlorpyrifos on endocannabinoid and endocannabinoid-like lipid metabolites in rat striatum. Neurotoxicology 2015. [PMID: 26215119 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Parathion and chlorpyrifos are organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) that elicit acute toxicity by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The endocannabinoids (eCBs, N-arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA; 2-arachidonoylglycerol, 2AG) are endogenous neuromodulators that regulate presynaptic neurotransmitter release in neurons throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. While substantial information is known about the eCBs, less is known about a number of endocannabinoid-like metabolites (eCBLs, e.g., N-palmitoylethanolamine, PEA; N-oleoylethanolamine, OEA). We report the comparative effects of parathion and chlorpyrifos on AChE and enzymes responsible for inactivation of the eCBs, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), and changes in the eCBs AEA and 2AG and eCBLs PEA and OEA, in rat striatum. Adult, male rats were treated with vehicle (peanut oil, 2 ml/kg, sc), parathion (27 mg/kg) or chlorpyrifos (280 mg/kg) 6-7 days after surgical implantation of microdialysis cannulae into the right striatum, followed by microdialysis two or four days later. Additional rats were similarly treated and sacrificed for evaluation of tissue levels of eCBs and eCBLs. Dialysates and tissue extracts were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. AChE and FAAH were extensively inhibited at both time-points (85-96%), while MAGL activity was significantly but lesser affected (37-62% inhibition) by parathion and chlorpyrifos. Signs of toxicity were noted only in parathion-treated rats. In general, chlorpyrifos increased eCB levels while parathion had no or lesser effects. Early changes in extracellular AEA, 2AG and PEA levels were significantly different between parathion and chlorpyrifos exposures. Differential changes in extracellular and/or tissue levels of eCBs and eCBLs could potentially influence a number of signaling pathways and contribute to selective neurological changes following acute OP intoxications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Loren Parsons
- Committee on Neurobiology of Affective Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Carey Pope
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States.
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11
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Tingenone, a pentacyclic triterpene, induces peripheral antinociception due to NO/cGMP and ATP-sensitive K(+) channels pathway activation in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 755:1-5. [PMID: 25748602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Substances derived from plants play an important role in the development of new analgesic drugs, among them, triterpenoids. The connection between the participation of L-arginine/NO/cGMP pathway and the activation of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels (KATP) has been established on the peripheral antinociception induced by various drugs. The study assessed the involvement of L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP pathway in the antinociceptive effect induced by tingenone, from Maytenus imbricata, against the hyperalgesia evoked by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in peripheral pathway. The paw pressure test was used, with hyperalgesia induced by intraplantar injection of PGE2 (2 μg). Tingenone (200 µg/paw) administered into the right hind paw induced a local antinociceptive effect, that was antagonized by l-NOArg, nonselective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor and by L-NPA, selective neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibitor. The L-NIO, selective inhibitor of endothelial (eNOS), and the L-NIL, selective inhibitor of inducible (iNOS), did not alter the peripheral antinociceptive effect of the tingenone. The ODQ, selective soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, prevented the antinociceptive effect of tingenone, and zaprinast, inhibitor of the phosphodiesterase that is cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) specific, intensified the peripheral antinociceptive effect of the smaller dose of tingenone. Glibenclamide, ATP-sensitive K(+) channels (KATP) blocker, but not tetraethylammonium chloride, voltage-dependent K(+) channel blocker; dequalinium dichloride, blocker of the small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel, and paxilline, a potent blocker of high-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels, respectively, prevented the peripheral antinociceptive effect of tingenone. The results demonstrate that tingenone induced a peripheral antinociceptive effect by L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP pathway activation, with potential for a new analgesic drug.
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12
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Galdino GS, Duarte ID, Perez AC. Central release of nitric oxide mediates antinociception induced by aerobic exercise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 48:790-7. [PMID: 25517916 PMCID: PMC4568806 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a soluble gas that participates in important functions of the
central nervous system, such as cognitive function, maintenance of synaptic
plasticity for the control of sleep, appetite, body temperature, neurosecretion, and
antinociception. Furthermore, during exercise large amounts of NO are released that
contribute to maintaining body homeostasis. Besides NO production, physical exercise
has been shown to induce antinociception. Thus, the present study aimed to
investigate the central involvement of NO in exercise-induced antinociception. In
both mechanical and thermal nociceptive tests, central [intrathecal
(it) and intracerebroventricular (icv)]
pretreatment with inhibitors of the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway (L-NOArg, ODQ,
and glybenclamide) prevented the antinociceptive effect induced by aerobic exercise
(AE). Furthermore, pretreatment (it, icv) with
specific NO synthase inhibitors (L-NIO, aminoguanidine, and L-NPA) also prevented
this effect. Supporting the hypothesis of the central involvement of NO in
exercise-induced antinociception, nitrite levels in the cerebrospinal fluid increased
immediately after AE. Therefore, the present study suggests that, during exercise,
the NO released centrally induced antinociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Galdino
- Curso de Fisioterapia, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, BR
| | - I D Duarte
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - A C Perez
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
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13
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cGMP and cGMP-dependent protein kinase I pathway in dorsal root ganglia contributes to bone cancer pain in rats. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2014; 39:1533-41. [PMID: 24921837 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A prospective, randomized experimental research. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the role of cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate)-cGKI (cGMP-dependent protein kinase I) pathway in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in bone cancer pain. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Treating bone cancer pain continues to possess a major clinical challenge because the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying bone cancer pain remain elusive. cGMP and cGMP-dependent protein kinases pathway in DRG plays important role in nerve injury-induced hyperexcitability of DRG neurons, as well as neuropathic pain, however, whether this pathway participates in bone cancer pain is unknown. METHODS The rat model of bone cancer pain was produced by intramedullary injection of rat breast cancer cells (Walker 256) into right tibia. Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were measured before and after administration of inhibitor of cGMP-cGKs pathway (Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS). Immunofluorescence and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to reflect expression of cGKI in DRG neurons, whereas the concentration of cGMP in DRG was tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Whole-cell patch clamp was used to record the hyperexcitability of small neurons in DRG with or without cGKs inhibitor after tumor cell implantation (TCI). RESULTS TCI treatment significantly increased the concentration of cGMP in DRG and activity of cGKs in DRG and the spinal cord. TCI treatment also induced upregulation of cGKI messenger ribonucleic acid and protein in DRG, as well as enhanced hyperexcitability in DRG neurons. Spinal administration of Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS, cGMP-cGKs inhibitor, significantly suppressed TCI-induced activation of cGMP-cGKI signaling, and hyperexcitability of DRG neurons. Meanwhile, in vivo intrathecal delivery of the Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS significantly prevented and suppressed TCI-induced hyperalgesia and allodynia. CONCLUSION From these results, we confirm that TCI treatment activates cGMP-cGKI signaling pathway and continuing activation of this pathway in DRG is required for hyperalgesia and/or hyperalgesia and allodynia after TCI treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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14
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Tantimonaco M, Ceci R, Sabatini S, Catani MV, Rossi A, Gasperi V, Maccarrone M. Physical activity and the endocannabinoid system: an overview. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2681-98. [PMID: 24526057 PMCID: PMC11113821 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recognized as a "disease modifier", physical activity (PA) is increasingly viewed as a more holistic, cost-saving method for prevention, treatment and management of human disease conditions. The traditional view that PA engages the monoaminergic and endorphinergic systems has been challenged by the discovery of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), composed of endogenous lipids, their target receptors, and metabolic enzymes. Indeed, direct and indirect evidence suggests that the ECS might mediate some of the PA-triggered effects throughout the body. Moreover, it is now emerging that PA itself is able to modulate ECS in different ways. Against this background, in the present review we shall discuss evidence of the cross-talk between PA and the ECS, ranging from brain to peripheral districts and highlighting how ECS must be tightly regulated during PA, in order to maintain its beneficial effects on cognition, mood, and nociception, while avoiding impaired energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Tantimonaco
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Ceci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Sabatini
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria Catani
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Gasperi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Center of Integrated Research, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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15
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Ang-(1-7) activates the NO/cGMP and ATP-sensitive K+ channels pathway to induce peripheral antinociception in rats. Nitric Oxide 2013; 37:11-6. [PMID: 24361899 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-7) is a bioactive component of the renin-angiotensin system that is formed endogenously and induces nitric oxide release in several tissues. The L-arginine/NO/cyclic GMP pathway and ATP-sensitive K+ channels have been proposed as the mechanism of action for the peripheral antinociception of several groups of drug and endogenous substances, including opioids, non-steroidal analgesics, acetylcholine and others. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of the L-arginine/NO/cGMP and KATP+ pathway on antinociception induced by angiotensin-(1-7). Paw pressure in rats was used to induce hyperalgesia via an intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E2 (2 μg/paw). Ang-(1-7) (2, 3 and 4 μg/paw) elicited a local peripheral antinociceptive effect that was antagonized by the nonselective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NOarg and the selective neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibitor L-NPA. The selective inhibition of endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) NOS by L-NIO and L-NIL, respectively, was ineffective at blocking the effects of a local Ang-(1-7) injection. In addition, the level of nitrite in the homogenized paw tissue, as determined by a colorimetric assay, indicated that exogenous Ang-(1-7) is able to induce NO release. The soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ and the specific blocker of ATP-sensitive K+ channels glibenclamide (40, 80 and 160 μg/paw) antagonized the Ang-(1-7) response. The results provide evidence that Ang-(1-7) most likely induces peripheral antinociceptive effects via the L-arginine/NO/cGMP pathway and KATP+ pathway activation.
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16
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Palmitoylethanolamide, a naturally occurring disease-modifying agent in neuropathic pain. Inflammopharmacology 2013; 22:79-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-013-0191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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