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Duan S, Li C, Gao Y, Meng P, Ji S, Xu Y, Mao Y, Wang H, Tian J. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor LPM4870108 impairs learning and memory and induces transcriptomic and gene‑specific DNA methylation changes in rats. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:845-857. [PMID: 35098321 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which have been developed and approved for cancer treatment in the last few years, are involved in synaptic plasticity of learning and memory. Epigenetic modifications also play crucial roles in the process of learning and memory, but its relationship with TKI-induced learning and memory impairment has not been investigated. We hypothesized that LPM4870108, an effective anti-cancer Trk inhibitor, might affect the learning and memory via epigenetic modifications. In this study, rats were orally administered with LPM4870108 (0, 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/kg) twice daily for 28 days, after which animals were subjected to a Morris water maze test. LPM4870108 exposure caused learning and memory impairments in this test in a dose-dependent manner and reduced the spine densities. Whole-genome transcriptomic analysis revealed significant differences in the patterns of hippocampal gene expression in LPM4870108-treated rats. These transcriptomic data were combined with next-generation bisulfite sequencing analysis, after which RT-PCR and pyrosequencing were conducted, revealing epigenetic alterations associated with genes (Snx8, Fgfr1, Dusp4, Vav2, and Satb2) known to regulate learning and memory. Increased mRNA and protein expression levels of hippocampal Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a were also observed in these rats. Overall, these data suggest that gene-specific alterations in patterns of DNA methylation can potentially contribute to the incidence of learning and memory deficits associated with exposure to LPM4870108.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijin Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Long-Acting Targeting Drug Delivery Technologies (Luye Pharma Group Ltd.), Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
- School of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengmin Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutong Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Long-Acting Targeting Drug Delivery Technologies (Luye Pharma Group Ltd.), Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.
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Jha NK, Chen WC, Kumar S, Dubey R, Tsai LW, Kar R, Jha SK, Gupta PK, Sharma A, Gundamaraju R, Pant K, Mani S, Singh SK, Maccioni RB, Datta T, Singh SK, Gupta G, Prasher P, Dua K, Dey A, Sharma C, Mughal YH, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK, Ojha S. Molecular mechanisms of developmental pathways in neurological disorders: a pharmacological and therapeutic review. Open Biol 2022; 12:210289. [PMID: 35291879 PMCID: PMC8924757 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental signalling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and Sonic hedgehog play a central role in nearly all the stages of neuronal development. The term 'embryonic' might appear to be a misnomer to several people because these pathways are functional during the early stages of embryonic development and adulthood, albeit to a certain degree. Therefore, any aberration in these pathways or their associated components may contribute towards a detrimental outcome in the form of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke. In the last decade, researchers have extensively studied these pathways to decipher disease-related interactions, which can be used as therapeutic targets to improve outcomes in patients with neurological abnormalities. However, a lot remains to be understood in this domain. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence supporting the fact that embryonic signalling is indeed a crucial mechanism as is manifested by its role in driving memory loss, motor impairments and many other processes after brain trauma. In this review, we explore the key roles of three embryonic pathways in modulating a range of homeostatic processes such as maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity, mitochondrial dynamics and neuroinflammation. In addition, we extensively investigated the effect of these pathways in driving the pathophysiology of a range of disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and diabetic neuropathy. The concluding section of the review is dedicated to neurotherapeutics, wherein we identify and list a range of biological molecules and compounds that have shown enormous potential in improving prognosis in patients with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan,Department of Information Technology Office, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Rohan Kar
- Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA), Gujarat 380015, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia
| | - Kumud Pant
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era deemed to be University Dehradun Uttarakhand, 248002 Dehradun, India
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Ricardo B. Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC) and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Tirtharaj Datta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, 302017 Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India,Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, and
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasir Hayat Mughal
- Department of Health Administration, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, and,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Therapeutic potential of neurotrophic factors in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:2345-2357. [PMID: 34826049 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06968-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia among the elderly population. AD is accompanied with the dysregulation of specific neurotrophic factors (NTFs) and their receptors, which plays a critical role in neuronal degeneration. NTFs are small proteins with therapeutic potential for human neurodegenerative diseases. These growth factors are categorized into four families: neurotrophins, neurokines, the glial cell line-derived NTF family of ligands, and the newly discovered cerebral dopamine NTF/mesencephalic astrocyte-derived NTF family. NTFs are capable of preventing cell death in degenerative conditions and can increase the neuronal growth and function in these disorders. Nevertheless, the adverse side effects of NTFs delivery and poor diffusion of these factors in the brain restrict the efficacy of NTFs therapy in clinical situations. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this review, we focus on the current advances in the use of NTFs to treat AD and summarize previous experimental and clinical studies for supporting the protective and therapeutic effects of these factors. CONCLUSION Based on reports, NTFs are considered as new and promising candidates for treating AD and AD-associated cognitive impairment.
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Srivastava V, Singh A, Jain GK, Ahmad FJ, Shukla R, Kesharwani P. Viral vectors as a promising nanotherapeutic approach against neurodegenerative disorders. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Tedeschi DV, da Cunha AF, Cominetti MR, Pedroso RV. Efficacy of Gene Therapy to Restore Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review. Curr Gene Ther 2021; 21:246-257. [PMID: 33494678 DOI: 10.2174/1566523221666210120091146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia and it is a progressive neurogenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. There is currently no cure; however, some treatments are available to slow down the progression of the disease, including gene therapy, which has been investigated to have great potential for the treatment of AD. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to identify the efficacy of gene therapy to restore cognition in AD. METHODS A systematic review was carried out using papers published up to May 2020 and available in the Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline/PUBMED databases. Articles were considered for inclusion if they were original researches that investigated the effects of gene therapy on cognition in AD. The methodological quality of the selected studies was evaluated using the Risk of Bias Tool for Animal Intervention Studies (SYRCLE's Rob tool) and the Jadad Scale. RESULTS Most preclinical studies obtained positive results in improving memory and learning in mice that underwent treatment with gene therapy. On the other hand, clinical studies have obtained inconclusive results related to the delivery methods of the viral vector used in gene therapy. CONCLUSION Gene therapy has shown a great potential for the treatment of AD in preclinical trials, but results should be interpreted with caution since preclinical studies presented limitations to predict the efficacy of the treatment outcome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desyrre V Tedeschi
- Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis Km 310 - 13565-905, Sao Carlos SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson F da Cunha
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis Km 310 - 13565- 905, Sao Carlos SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia R Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis Km 310 - 13565-905, Sao Carlos SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Valle Pedroso
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis Km 310 - 13565-905, Sao Carlos SP, Brazil
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Caruso GI, Spampinato SF, Costantino G, Merlo S, Sortino MA. SIRT1-Dependent Upregulation of BDNF in Human Microglia Challenged with Aβ: An Early but Transient Response Rescued by Melatonin. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050466. [PMID: 33923297 PMCID: PMC8145207 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia represent a first-line defense in the brain. However, in pathological conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a pro-inflammatory switch may occur, leading to loss of protective functions. Using the human microglial cell line HMC3, we showed that exposure to low concentrations of β-amyloid peptide 1-42 (Aβ42; 0.2 μM) initially (6 h) upregulated anti-inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF increase was prevented by selective inhibition of SIRT1 with EX527 (2 μM). Accordingly, these early effects were accompanied by a significant Aβ42-induced increase of SIRT1 expression, nuclear localization, and activity. SIRT1 modulation involved adenosine monophosphate-regulated kinase (AMPK), which was promptly (30 min) phosphorylated by Aβ42, while the AMPK inhibitor BML-275 (2 μM) attenuated Aβ42-induced SIRT1 increase. Initially observed microglial responses appeared transient, as microglial features changed when exposure to Aβ42 was prolonged (0.2 μM for 72 h). While SIRT1 and BDNF levels were reduced, the expression of inflammatory markers IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α increased. This coincided with a rise in NF-kB nuclear localization. The effects of melatonin (1 μM) on prolonged microglial exposure to Aβ42 were analyzed for their protective potential. Melatonin was able to prolong SIRT1 and BDNF upregulation, as well as to prevent NF-kB nuclear translocation and acetylation. These effects were sensitive to the melatonin receptor antagonist, luzindole (25 μM). In conclusion, our data define an early microglial defensive response to Aβ42, featuring SIRT1-mediated BDNF upregulation that can be exogenously modulated by melatonin, thus identifying an important target for neuroprotection.
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Owens LV, Benedetto A, Dawson N, Gaffney CJ, Parkin ET. Gene therapy-mediated enhancement of protective protein expression for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2021; 1753:147264. [PMID: 33422539 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading form of dementia but lacks curative treatments. Current understanding of AD aetiology attributes the development of the disease to the misfolding of two proteins; amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, with their pathological accumulation leading to concomitant oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death. These processes are regulated at multiple levels to maintain homeostasis and avert disease. However, many of the relevant regulatory proteins appear to be downregulated in the AD-afflicted brain. Enhancement/restoration of these 'protective' proteins, therefore, represents an attractive therapeutic avenue. Gene therapy is a desirable means of achieving this because it is not associated with the side-effects linked to systemic protein administration, and sustained protein expression virtually eliminates compliance issues. The current article represents a focused and succinct review of the better established 'protective' protein targets for gene therapy enhancement/restoration rather than being designed as an exhaustive review incorporating less validated protein subjects. In addition, we will discuss how the risks associated with uncontrolled or irreversible gene expression might be mitigated through combining neuronal-specific promoters, inducible expression systems and localised injections. Whilst many of the gene therapy targets reviewed herein are yet to enter clinical trials, preclinical testing has thus far demonstrated encouraging potential for the gene therapy-based treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V Owens
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Alexandre Benedetto
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Neil Dawson
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Christopher J Gaffney
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Edward T Parkin
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK.
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Atorvastatin Improves Mitochondrial Function and Prevents Oxidative Stress in Hippocampus Following Amyloid-β 1-40 Intracerebroventricular Administration in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4187-4201. [PMID: 32683653 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neurotoxic effects promoted by Aβ peptides involve glutamate transmission impairment, decrease of neurotrophic factors, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, synaptotoxicity, and neuronal degeneration. Here, we assessed the early events evoked by Aβ1-40 on the hippocampus. Additionally, we sought to unravel the molecular mechanisms of atorvastatin preventive effect on Aβ-induced hippocampal damage. Mice were treated orally (p.o.) with atorvastatin 10 mg/kg/day during 7 consecutive days before the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of Aβ1-40 (400 pmol/site). Twenty-four hours after Aβ1-40 infusion, a reduced content of mature BDNF/proBDNF ratio was observed in Aβ-treated mice. However, there is no alteration in synaptophysin, PSD-95, and doublecortin immunocontent in the hippocampus. Aβ1-40 promoted an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) generation in hippocampal slices, and atorvastatin prevented this oxidative burst. Mitochondrial OXPHOS was measured by high-resolution respirometry. At this time point, Aβ1-40 did not alter the O2 consumption rates (OCR) related to phosphorylating state associated with complexes I and II, and the maximal OCR. However, atorvastatin increased OCR of phosphorylating state associated with complex I and complexes I and II, maximal OCR of complexes I and II, and OCR associated with mitochondrial spare capacity. Atorvastatin treatment improved mitochondrial function in the rodent hippocampus, even after Aβ infusion, pointing to a promising effect of improving brain mitochondria bioenergetics. Therefore, atorvastatin could act as an adjuvant in battling the symptoms of AD to preventing or delaying the disease progression.
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Miyamoto N, Magami S, Inaba T, Ueno Y, Hira K, Kijima C, Nakajima S, Yamashiro K, Urabe T, Hattori N. The effects of A1/A2 astrocytes on oligodendrocyte linage cells against white matter injury under prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion. Glia 2020; 68:1910-1924. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobukazu Miyamoto
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Shunsuke Magami
- Department of NeurosurgeryJuntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshiki Inaba
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University Urayasu Hospital Chiba Japan
| | - Yuji Ueno
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hira
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Chikage Kijima
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Sho Nakajima
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamashiro
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Takao Urabe
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University Urayasu Hospital Chiba Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of NeurologyJuntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and TrkB hippocampal gene expression are putative predictors of neuritic plaque and neurofibrillary tangle pathology. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104540. [PMID: 31349032 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its cognate neurotrophin receptor, TrkB, were observed during the progression of dementia, but whether the Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological lesions diffuse plaques, (DPs), neuritic plaques (NPs), and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are related to this alteration remains to be clarified. METHODS Negative binomial (NB) regressions were performed using gene expression data accrued from a single population of CA1 pyramidal neurons and regional hippocampal dissections obtained from participants in the Rush Religious Orders Study (RROS). RESULTS Downregulation of Bdnf is independently associated with increased entorhinal cortex NPs. Downregulation of TrkB is independently associated with increased entorhinal cortex NFTs and CA1 NPs during the progression of AD. DISCUSSION Results indicate that BDNF and TrkB dysregulation contribute to AD neuropathology, most notably hippocampal NPs and NFTs. These data suggest attenuating BDNF/TrkB signaling deficits either at the level of BDNF, TrkB, or downstream of TrkB signaling may abrogate NPs and/or NFTs.
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AAV-Syn-BDNF-EGFP Virus Construct Exerts Neuroprotective Action on the Hippocampal Neural Network during Hypoxia In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082295. [PMID: 30081596 PMCID: PMC6121472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the key signaling molecules that supports the viability of neural cells in various brain pathologies, and can be considered a potential therapeutic agent. However, several methodological difficulties, such as overcoming the blood–brain barrier and the short half-life period, challenge the potential use of BDNF in clinical practice. Gene therapy could overcome these limitations. Investigating the influence of viral vectors on the neural network level is of particular interest because viral overexpression affects different aspects of cell metabolism and interactions between neurons. The present work aimed to investigate the influence of the adeno-associated virus (AAV)-Syn-BDNF-EGFP virus construct on neural network activity parameters in an acute hypobaric hypoxia model in vitro. Materials and methods. An adeno-associated virus vector carrying the BDNF gene was constructed using the following plasmids: AAV-Syn-EGFP, pDP5, DJvector, and pHelper. The developed virus vector was then tested on primary hippocampal cultures obtained from C57BL/6 mouse embryos (E18). Acute hypobaric hypoxia was induced on day 21 in vitro. Spontaneous bioelectrical and calcium activity of neural networks in primary cultures and viability tests were analysed during normoxia and during the posthypoxic period. Results. BDNF overexpression by AAV-Syn-BDNF-EGFP does not affect cell viability or the main parameters of spontaneous bioelectrical activity in normoxia. Application of the developed virus construct partially eliminates the negative hypoxic consequences by preserving cell viability and maintaining spontaneous bioelectrical activity in the cultures. Moreover, the internal functional structure, including the activation pattern of network bursts, the number of hubs, and the number of connections within network elements, is also partially preserved. BDNF overexpression prevents a decrease in the number of cells exhibiting calcium activity and maintains the frequency of calcium oscillations. Conclusion. This study revealed the pronounced antihypoxic and neuroprotective effects of AAV-Syn-BDNF-EGFP virus transduction in an acute normobaric hypoxia model.
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Abstract
Sialidase releases sialic acid residues from the ends of sugar chains. The sialidases are involved in many physiological processes including cell differentiation and proliferation and immune function as well as pathophysiological conditions such as various human cancers and infections. Therefore visualization of sialidase activities with high sensitivity could provide valuable insights into these isozyme's activity. We developed novel fluorescent sialidase substrates, 2-benzothiazol-2-yl-phenol derivatives-based N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) (BTP-Neu5Ac) substrates, for highly sensitive and specific visualization of sialidase activity in living mammalian tissues and virus-infected cells. We found that BTP-Neu5Ac can visualize sialidase activities sensitively and selectively in rat tissues including brain slices. BTP-Neu5Ac can also clearly detect cancer cells implanted orthotopically in mouse colons and human colon cancers. In this review, I describe imaging of sialidase activity with BTP-Neu5Ac in animal tissues, detection of colon cancer, memory formation, detection of virus-infected cells, and application to drug-resistant influenza virus detection and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Yao PJ, Petralia RS, Mattson MP. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling and Hippocampal Neuroplasticity. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:840-850. [PMID: 27865563 PMCID: PMC5148655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a secreted protein that controls the patterning of neural progenitor cells, and their neuronal and glial progeny, during development. Emerging findings suggest that Shh also has important roles in the formation and plasticity of neuronal circuits in the hippocampus, a brain region of fundamental importance in learning and memory. Shh mediates activity-dependent and injury-induced hippocampal neurogenesis. Activation of Shh receptors in the dendrites of hippocampal neurons engages a trans-neuronal signaling pathway that accelerates axon outgrowth and enhances glutamate release from presynaptic terminals. Impaired Shh signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis of several developmental and adult-onset neurological disorders that affect the hippocampus, suggesting a potential for therapeutic interventions that target Shh pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Yao
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core, NIDCD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Wei S. Potential therapeutic action of natural products from traditional Chinese medicine on Alzheimer's disease animal models targeting neurotrophic factors. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 30:490-501. [PMID: 27414248 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder in which the death of brain cells leads to memory loss and cognitive decline. To reduce the death rate and improve the biological activity of neurocytes, neurotrophic factors (NTFs) exhibit therapeutic effect on AD. However, therapeutic application of exogenous NTFs in treatment of AD is largely limited due to short half-life, poor stability, etc. Various extracts of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been shown to exhibit therapeutic effects on AD, and some of these effects are associated with regulation on the expression of nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and their associated receptors. This article reviews the progress on promotion of Panax ginseng, Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch., Epimedium, Polygala tenuifolia Willd, and seven other TCMs on secretion of NTFs during AD, with a view to preparation development and clinical application of these TCMs on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyong Wei
- Southwest University Rongchang Campus, No. 160 Xueyuan Road, Rongchang, Chongqing, 402460, China
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15
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Schott JW, Morgan M, Galla M, Schambach A. Viral and Synthetic RNA Vector Technologies and Applications. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1513-27. [PMID: 27377044 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of RNA is an increasingly popular method to transiently deliver genetic information for cell manipulation in basic research and clinical therapy. In these settings, viral and nonviral RNA platforms are employed for delivery of small interfering RNA and protein-coding mRNA. Technological advances allowing RNA modification for increased stability, improved translation and reduced immunogenicity have led to increased use of nonviral synthetic RNA, which is delivered in naked form or upon formulation. Alternatively, highly efficient viral entry pathways are exploited to transfer genes of interest as RNA incorporated into viral particles. Current viral RNA transfer technologies are derived from Retroviruses, nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses or positive-stranded Alpha- and Flaviviruses. In retroviral particles, the genes of interest can either be incorporated directly into the viral RNA genome or as nonviral RNA. Nonsegmented negative-strand virus-, Alpha- and Flavivirus-derived vectors support prolonged expression windows through replication of viral RNA encoding genes of interest. Mixed technologies combining viral and nonviral components are also available. RNA transfer is ideal for all settings that do not require permanent transgene expression and excludes potentially detrimental DNA integration into the target cell genome. Thus, RNA-based technologies are successfully applied for reprogramming, transdifferentiation, gene editing, vaccination, tumor therapy, and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane W Schott
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Galla
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Hernando S, Gartziandia O, Herran E, Pedraz JL, Igartua M, Hernandez RM. Advances in nanomedicine for the treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:1267-85. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer‘s disease and Parkinson’s disease are the most common neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. Despite all the efforts made by the scientific community, current available treatments have limited effectiveness, without halting the progression of the disease. That is why, new molecules such as growth factors, antioxidants and metal chelators have been raised as new therapeutical approaches. However, these molecules have difficulties to cross the blood–brain barrier limiting its therapeutic effect. The development of nanometric drug delivery systems may permit a targeted and sustained release of old and new treatments offering a novel strategy to treat these neurodegenerative disorders. This review summarized the main investigated drug delivery systems as promising approaches to treat Alzheimer‘s disease and Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hernando
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Oihane Gartziandia
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Enara Herran
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain
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17
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Feinstein DL, Kalinin S, Braun D. Causes, consequences, and cures for neuroinflammation mediated via the locus coeruleus: noradrenergic signaling system. J Neurochem 2016; 139 Suppl 2:154-178. [PMID: 26968403 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aside from its roles in as a classical neurotransmitter involved in regulation of behavior, noradrenaline (NA) has other functions in the CNS. This includes restricting the development of neuroinflammatory activation, providing neurotrophic support to neurons, and providing neuroprotection against oxidative stress. In recent years, it has become evident that disruption of physiological NA levels or signaling is a contributing factor to a variety of neurological diseases and conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Multiple Sclerosis. The basis for dysregulation in these diseases is, in many cases, due to damage occurring to noradrenergic neurons present in the locus coeruleus (LC), the major source of NA in the CNS. LC damage is present in AD, multiple sclerosis, and a large number of other diseases and conditions. Studies using animal models have shown that experimentally induced lesion of LC neurons exacerbates neuropathology while treatments to compensate for NA depletion, or to reduce LC neuronal damage, provide benefit. In this review, we will summarize the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of NA, summarize examples of how LC damage worsens disease, and discuss several approaches taken to treat or prevent reductions in NA levels and LC neuronal damage. Further understanding of these events will be of value for the development of treatments for AD, multiple sclerosis, and other diseases and conditions having a neuroinflammatory component. The classical neurotransmitter noradrenaline (NA) has critical roles in modulating behaviors including those involved in sleep, anxiety, and depression. However, NA can also elicit anti-inflammatory responses in glial cells, can increase neuronal viability by inducing neurotrophic factor expression, and can reduce neuronal damage due to oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals. NA is primarily produced by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expressing neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC), a relatively small brainstem nucleus near the IVth ventricle which sends projections throughout the brain and spinal cord. It has been known for close to 50 years that LC neurons are lost during normal aging, and that loss is exacerbated in neurological diseases including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. LC neuronal damage and glial activation has now been documented in a variety of other neurological conditions and diseases, however, the causes of LC damage and cell loss remain largely unknown. A number of approaches have been developed to address the loss of NA and increased inflammation associated with LC damage, and several methods are being explored to directly minimize the extent of LC neuronal cell loss or function. In this review, we will summarize some of the consequences of LC loss, consider several factors that likely contribute to that loss, and discuss various ways that have been used to increase NA or to reduce LC damage. This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L Feinstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sergey Kalinin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Braun
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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18
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Corey-Bloom J, Jia H, Aikin AM, Thomas EA. Disease Modifying Potential of Glatiramer Acetate in Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2016; 3:311-6. [PMID: 25300334 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-140110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficiencies in brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD). OBJECTIVE Glatiramer acetate, an FDA- approved drug used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, has been shown to increase brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor levels in immune cells; hence, we investigated whether it could have similar effects in striatal cells. METHODS Wild-type and HD striatal cells were treated with glatiramer acetate for 48 hrs. HD transgenic and wild-type mice were injected with glatiramer acetate (1.5 to 1.7 mg/mouse) for five days. These treatments were followed by protein measurements for brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor. RESULTS Glatiramer acetate elicited concentration-dependent increases in brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor protein levels in wild-type and HD striatal cells and in striatal tissue from N171-82Q transgenic mice. Glatiramer acetate also improved metabolic activity of HD striatal cells, and significantly reduced the early hyperactivity phenotype exhibited by N171-82Q transgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that glatiramer acetate may represent a useful therapeutic approach for HD. The excellent safety and tolerability record of this compound makes it an ideal candidate for drug repurposing efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Corey-Bloom
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Haiqun Jia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alaina M Aikin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Thomas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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19
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Hoque A, Hossain MI, Ameen SS, Ang CS, Williamson N, Ng DCH, Chueh AC, Roulston C, Cheng HC. A beacon of hope in stroke therapy-Blockade of pathologically activated cellular events in excitotoxic neuronal death as potential neuroprotective strategies. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 160:159-79. [PMID: 26899498 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity, a pathological process caused by over-stimulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors, is a major cause of neuronal loss in acute and chronic neurological conditions such as ischaemic stroke, Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases. Effective neuroprotective drugs to reduce excitotoxic neuronal loss in patients suffering from these neurological conditions are urgently needed. One avenue to achieve this goal is to clearly define the intracellular events mediating the neurotoxic signals originating from the over-stimulated glutamate receptors in neurons. In this review, we first focus on the key cellular events directing neuronal death but not involved in normal physiological processes in the neurotoxic signalling pathways. These events, referred to as pathologically activated events, are potential targets for the development of neuroprotectant therapeutics. Inhibitors blocking some of the known pathologically activated cellular events have been proven to be effective in reducing stroke-induced brain damage in animal models. Notable examples are inhibitors suppressing the ion channel activity of neurotoxic glutamate receptors and those disrupting interactions of specific cellular proteins occurring only in neurons undergoing excitotoxic cell death. Among them, Tat-NR2B9c and memantine are clinically effective in reducing brain damage caused by some acute and chronic neurological conditions. Our second focus is evaluation of the suitability of the other inhibitors for use as neuroprotective therapeutics. We also discuss the experimental approaches suitable for bridging our knowledge gap in our current understanding of the excitotoxic signalling mechanism in neurons and discovery of new pathologically activated cellular events as potential targets for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaqul Hoque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - M Iqbal Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - S Sadia Ameen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | - Dominic C H Ng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; School of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Anderly C Chueh
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Carli Roulston
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Heung-Chin Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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20
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TAKAHASHI T, KUREBAYASHI Y, OTSUBO T, IKEDA K, MINAMI A, SUZUKI T. Fluorescence Imaging of Virus-infected Cells with a Sialidase Imaging Probe. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2016. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.65.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadanobu TAKAHASHI
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yuuki KUREBAYASHI
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Tadamune OTSUBO
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University
| | - Kiyoshi IKEDA
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University
| | - Akira MINAMI
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Takashi SUZUKI
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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21
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22
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Liu X, Ye K, Weinshenker D. Norepinephrine Protects against Amyloid-β Toxicity via TrkB. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 44:251-60. [PMID: 25208620 DOI: 10.3233/jad-141062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC), the brainstem noradrenergic nucleus that is the sole source of norepinephrine (NE) in the forebrain, is one of the first structures affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Experimental ablation of the LC exacerbates, while increasing NE abates, AD-like neuropathology and cognitive deficits in animal models of the disease. Some neuroprotective effects of NE appear to be mediated by tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), the canonical receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Here, we report that NE dose-dependently protected primary cortical and LC neurons from amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity. The neuroprotective effects of NE were fully prevented by the Trk receptor antagonist K252a but only partially attenuated by adrenergic receptor antagonists and not mimicked by adrenergic agonists. Activation of TrkB by NE in cortical and LC neurons was confirmed by immunoblot and immunocytochemistry for phospho-TrkB. These results indicate that NE can activate TrkB and protect against Aβ toxicity, at least in part, via adrenergic receptor-independent mechanisms, and have implications for the consequences of LC degeneration in AD and potential therapies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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23
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Li J, Ding X, Zhang R, Jiang W, Sun X, Xia Z, Wang X, Wu E, Zhang Y, Hu Y. Harpagoside ameliorates the amyloid-β-induced cognitive impairment in rats via up-regulating BDNF expression and MAPK/PI3K pathways. Neuroscience 2015; 303:103-14. [PMID: 26135675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
So far, no effective disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) aiming at protecting or reversing neurodegeneration of the disease have been established yet. The present work aims to elucidate the effect of Harpagoside (abbreviated HAR), an iridoid glycosides purified from the Chinese medicinal herb Scrophularia ningpoensis, on neurodegeneration induced by β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and the underlying molecular mechanism. Here we show that HAR exerts neuroprotective effects against Aβ neurotoxicity. Rats injected aggregated Aβ₁₋₄₀ into the bilateral hippocampus displayed impaired spatial learning and memory ability in a Y-maze test and novel object recognition test, while HAR treatment ameliorated Aβ₁₋₄₀-induced behavioral deficits. Moreover, administration of HAR increased the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and activated the extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) pathways both in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the Aβ₁₋₄₀-insulted rat model. Furthermore, in cultured primary cortical neurons, Aβ₁₋₄₂ induced significant decrease of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive neuron number and neurite outgrowth length, both of which were dose dependently increased by HAR. In addition, HAR pretreatment also significantly attenuated the decrease of cell viability in Aβ₁₋₄₂-injured primary cortical neurons. Finally, when K252a, an inhibitor of Trk tyrosine kinases, and a BDNF neutralizing antibody were added to the culture medium 2 h prior to HAR addition, the protective effect of HAR on Aβ₁₋₄₂-induced neurodegeneration in the primary cortical neuron was almost inhibited. Taken together, HAR exerting neuroprotection effect and ameliorating learning and memory deficit appears to be associated, at least in part, with up-regulation of BDNF content as well as activating its downstream signaling pathways, e.g., MAPK/PI3K pathways. It raises the possibility that HAR has potential to be a therapeutic agent against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - R Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - W Jiang
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X Sun
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Z Xia
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - E Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
| | - Y Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Y Hu
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
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24
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Takano M, Takahashi T, Agarikuchi T, Kurebayashi Y, Minami A, Otsubo T, Ikeda K, Kanazawa H, Suzuki T. Histochemical fluorescent staining of Sendai virus-infected cells with a novel sialidase substrate. Virology 2014; 464-465:206-212. [PMID: 25090482 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sialidases, enzymes that remove terminal sialic acid residues, are pivotal in various biological processes such as malignancy and infection with pathogens. For histochemical staining of sialidase activity, we have developed a new synthetic sialidase substrate, sialic acid-conjugated fluorescent benzothiazolylphenol derivative (BTP3-Neu5Ac), for rapid, sensitive, and specific fluorescent staining of sialidase activity. Here, we showed the usefulness of BTP3-Neu5Ac for histochemical fluorescent staining of cells infected with Sendai virus (SV), which possesses sialidase activity. BTP3-Neu5Ac also visualised SV-infected regions of lung sections from SV-infected mice. We succeeded in histochemical fluorescent staining of SV both in vitro and in vivo. SV has been utilised in many virological and biotechnological studies such as developments of an oncolytic virus, a gene therapy vector, and a vaccine candidate. BTP3-Neu5Ac should contribute to rapid progress of such studies and researches on viral sialidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Takano
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan
| | - Tadanobu Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan
| | - Takashi Agarikuchi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan
| | - Yuuki Kurebayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan
| | - Akira Minami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan
| | - Tadamune Otsubo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure-shi, Hiroshima 7370112, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ikeda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure-shi, Hiroshima 7370112, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanazawa
- Department of Functional Anatomy, School of Nursing, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 4228526, Japan.
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25
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Potential therapeutic effects of neurotrophins for acute and chronic neurological diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:601084. [PMID: 24818146 PMCID: PMC4000962 DOI: 10.1155/2014/601084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The neurotrophins (NTs) nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT-3, and NT-4/5 are proteins that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in both the developing and mature central nervous system (CNS) by binding to two receptor classes, Trk receptors and p75 NTR. Motivated by the broad growth- and survival-promoting effects of these proteins, numerous studies have attempted to use exogenous NTs to prevent the death of cells that are associated with neurological disease or promote the regeneration of severed axons caused by mechanical injury. Indeed, such neurotrophic effects have been repeatedly demonstrated in animal models of stroke, nerve injury, and neurodegenerative disease. However, limitations, including the short biological half-lives and poor blood-brain permeability of these proteins, prevent routine application from treating human disease. In this report, we reviewed evidence for the neuroprotective efficacy of NTs in animal models, highlighting outstanding technical challenges and discussing more recent attempts to harness the neuroprotective capacity of endogenous NTs using small molecule inducers and cell transplantation.
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26
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Castello NA, Nguyen MH, Tran JD, Cheng D, Green KN, LaFerla FM. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone, a small molecule TrkB agonist, improves spatial memory and increases thin spine density in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease-like neuronal loss. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91453. [PMID: 24614170 PMCID: PMC3948846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Augmenting BDNF/TrkB signaling has been demonstrated to be a promising strategy for reversing cognitive deficits in preclinical models of Alzheimer disease (AD). Although these studies highlight the potential of targeting BDNF/TrkB signaling, this strategy has not yet been tested in a model that develops the disease features that are most closely associated with cognitive decline in AD: severe synaptic and neuronal loss. In the present study, we investigated the impact of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), a TrkB agonist, in CaM/Tet-DTA mice, an inducible model of severe neuronal loss in the hippocampus and cortex. Systemic 7,8-DHF treatment significantly improved spatial memory in lesioned mice, as measured by water maze. Analysis of GFP-labeled neurons in CaM/Tet-DTA mice revealed that 7,8-DHF induced a significant and selective increase in the density of thin spines in CA1 of lesioned mice, without affecting mushroom or stubby spines. These findings suggest chronic upregulation of TrkB signaling with 7,8-DHF may be an effective and practical strategy for improving function in AD, even after substantial neuronal loss has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Castello
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Michael H. Nguyen
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Jenny D. Tran
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - David Cheng
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Kim N. Green
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Frank M. LaFerla
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Steiner JP, Nath A. Neurotrophin strategies for neuroprotection: are they sufficient? J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2014; 9:182-94. [PMID: 24609976 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-014-9533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As people are living longer, the prevalance of neurodegenerative diseases continues to rise resulting in huge socio-economic consequences. Despite major advancements in studying the pathophysiology of these diseases and a large number of clinical trials currently there is no effective treatment for these illnesses. All neuroprotective strategies have either failed or have shown only a minimal effect. There has been a major shift in recent years exploring the potential of neuroregenerative approaches. While the concept of using neurotropins for therapeutic purposes has been in existence for many years, new modes of delivery and expression of this family of molecules makes this approach now feasilble. Further neurotropin mimetics and receptor agonists are also being developed. The use of small molecules to induce the expression of neurotropins including repurposing of FDA approved drugs for this approach is another strategy being pursued. In the review we examine these new developments and discuss the potential for such approaches in the context of the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Steiner
- NINDS Translational Neuroscience Center, National Institutes of Health, Room 7C-105; Bldg 10, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,
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28
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Ghavami S, Shojaei S, Yeganeh B, Ande SR, Jangamreddy JR, Mehrpour M, Christoffersson J, Chaabane W, Moghadam AR, Kashani HH, Hashemi M, Owji AA, Łos MJ. Autophagy and apoptosis dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 112:24-49. [PMID: 24211851 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 719] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are basic physiologic processes contributing to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Autophagy encompasses pathways that target long-lived cytosolic proteins and damaged organelles. It involves a sequential set of events including double membrane formation, elongation, vesicle maturation and finally delivery of the targeted materials to the lysosome. Apoptotic cell death is best described through its morphology. It is characterized by cell rounding, membrane blebbing, cytoskeletal collapse, cytoplasmic condensation, and fragmentation, nuclear pyknosis, chromatin condensation/fragmentation, and formation of membrane-enveloped apoptotic bodies, that are rapidly phagocytosed by macrophages or neighboring cells. Neurodegenerative disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent, especially in the Western societies, with larger percentage of members living to an older age. They have to be seen not only as a health problem, but since they are care-intensive, they also carry a significant economic burden. Deregulation of autophagy plays a pivotal role in the etiology and/or progress of many of these diseases. Herein, we briefly review the latest findings that indicate the involvement of autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases. We provide a brief introduction to autophagy and apoptosis pathways focusing on the role of mitochondria and lysosomes. We then briefly highlight pathophysiology of common neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's diseases, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Then, we describe functions of autophagy and apoptosis in brain homeostasis, especially in the context of the aforementioned disorders. Finally, we discuss different ways that autophagy and apoptosis modulation may be employed for therapeutic intervention during the maintenance of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; St. Boniface Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Shahla Shojaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Recombinant Protein Laboratory, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behzad Yeganeh
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Sudharsana R Ande
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jaganmohan R Jangamreddy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN), Division of Cell Biology, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Maryam Mehrpour
- INSERM U845, Research Center "Growth & Signaling" Paris Descartes University Medical School, France
| | - Jonas Christoffersson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN), Division of Cell Biology, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Wiem Chaabane
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN), Division of Cell Biology, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Tunis University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Hessam H Kashani
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ali A Owji
- Department of Biochemistry, Recombinant Protein Laboratory, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Marek J Łos
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN), Division of Cell Biology, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden.
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