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Currò M, Saija C, Trainito A, Trovato-Salinaro A, Bertuccio MP, Visalli G, Caccamo D, Ientile R. Rotenone-induced oxidative stress in THP-1 cells: biphasic effects of baicalin. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1241-1252. [PMID: 36446982 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several results demonstrated that microglia and peripheral monocytes/macrophages infiltrating the central nervous system (CNS) are involved in cell response against toxic compounds. It has been shown that rotenone induces neurodegeneration in various in vitro experimental models. Baicalin, a natural compound, is able to attenuate cell damage through anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory action. Using THP-1 monocytes, we investigated rotenone effects on mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, as well as baicalin ability to counteract rotenone toxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS THP-1 cells were exposed to rotenone (250 nM), in the presence/absence of baicalin (10-500 μM) for 2-24 h. Reactive Oxygen Species production (ROS), mitochondrial activity and transmembrane potential (Δψm), DNA damage, and caspase-3 activity were assessed. Moreover, gene expression of mitochondrial transcription factor a (mtTFA), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and BCL2-associated X protein (Bax), together with apoptotic morphological changes, were evaluated. After 2 h of rotenone incubation, increased ROS production and altered Δψm were observed, hours later resulting in DNA oxidative damage and apoptosis. Baicalin treatment at 50 µM counteracted rotenone toxicity by modulating the expression levels of some proteins involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and apoptosis. Interestingly, at higher baicalin concentrations, rotenone-induced alterations persisted. CONCLUSIONS These results give evidence that exposure to rotenone may promote the activation of THP-1 monocytes contributing to enhanced neurodegeneration. In this context, baicalin at low concentration exerts beneficial effects on mitochondrial function, and thus may prevent the onset of neurotoxic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Currò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Saija
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Trainito
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Maria Paola Bertuccio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Visalli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Caccamo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ientile
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Polyclinic Hospital University, 98125, Messina, Italy.
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Rizzo V, Ferlazzo N, Currò M, Isola G, Matarese M, Bertuccio MP, Caccamo D, Matarese G, Ientile R. Baicalin-Induced Autophagy Preserved LPS-Stimulated Intestinal Cells from Inflammation and Alterations of Paracellular Permeability. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052315. [PMID: 33652555 PMCID: PMC7956379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated a relevant role of intestinal epithelial cells in the immune response and in chronic inflammatory conditions, including ulcers, colitis, and Crohn's disease. Baicalin (BA), extracted from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis, has various beneficial healthy effects, including anti-inflammatory activity. However, few studies have evaluated BA effects on autophagic signaling in epithelial cell response to inflammatory stimuli. To explore possible beneficial effects of BA, HT-29 cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in presence or absence of BA, for 4 h. We evaluated mRNA levels of autophagy-related genes and cytokines, triggering inflammatory response. Furthermore, the expression of claudin 1, involved in the regulation of paracellular permeability was analyzed. BA treatment repressed LPS-induced expression of TNF-α and IL-1β. The down-regulation of autophagy-related genes induced by LPS was counteracted by cell pretreatment with BA. Under these conditions, BA reduced the NF-κB activation caused by LPS. Also, BA restored mRNA and protein levels of claudin 1, which were reduced by LPS. In conclusion, in intestinal epithelial cells BA regulates the NF-κB activation and modulates both autophagic and inflammatory processes, leading to an improvement of paracellular permeability. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of BA can be associated to the regulation of autophagic flux.
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Leão LL, Felício LFF, Engedal K, Tangen GG, Kristiansen KM, Santos SHS, de Paula AMB, Monteiro-Junior RS. The Link between Exercise and Homocysteine in the Alzheimer's Disease: A Bioinformatic Network Model. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2021; 20:814-821. [PMID: 34852739 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210706122618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Elevated peripheral expression of homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease and stroke, diabetes, and cancer. It is also associated with cognitive impairment as it has been reported that high levels of Hcy cause cognitive dysfunction and memory deficit. Among several etiological factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Hcy seems to directly contribute to the generation of neurotoxicity factors. This study aims to hypothesize the molecular mechanism by which exercise can reduce the risk of neurological complications promoted by hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), and discuss how exercise could reduce the risk of developing AD by using bioinformatics network models. According to the genes network, there are connections between proteins and amino acids associated with Hcy, exercise, and AD. Studies have evidenced that exercise may be one of several processes by which acid nitric availability can be maximized in the human body, which is particularly important in reducing cell loss and tau pathology and, thereby, leading to a reduced risk of complications associated with HHcy and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Lemos Leão
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Knut Engedal
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Gro Gujord Tangen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Kari Midtbø Kristiansen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
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Yan Y, Yin Y, Feng X, Chen Y, Shi J, Weng H, Wang D. Homocysteine aggravates DNA damage by impairing the FA/Brca1 Pathway in NE4C murine neural stem cells. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2477-2486. [PMID: 33029090 PMCID: PMC7532487 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.49246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is existing evidence that elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels are risk factors for some neurodegenerative disorders. The pathogenesis of neurological diseases could be contributed to excessive cell dysfunction and death caused by defective DNA damage response (DDR) and accumulated DNA damage. Hcy is a neurotoxic amino acid and acts as a DNA damage inducer. However, it is not clear whether Hcy participates in the DDR. To investigate the effects of Hcy on DNA damage and the DDR, we employed mitomycin C (MMC) to cause DNA damage in NE4C murine neural stem cells (NSCs). Compared to treatment with MMC alone, we found that co-treatment with MMC and Hcy worsened DNA damage and increased death in NE4C cells. Intriguingly, in this DNA damage model mimicked by MMC, immunoblotting results showed that the monoubiquitination levels of Fanconi anemia complementation group I (Fanci) and Fanconi anemia complementation group D2 (Fancd2) were decreased to about 60.3% and 55.7% by supplementing cell culture medium with Hcy, indicating Hcy inactivates the function of Fanci and Fancd2 in DNA damage conditions. Given Breast Cancer 1 (BRCA1) is an important downstream of FANCD2, we next detected the interaction between Fancd2 and Brca1 in NE4C cells. Compared to treatment with MMC alone, the Fancd2-Brca1 interaction and the amount of Brca1 on chromatin were decreased when cells were co-exposed to MMC and Hcy, suggesting Hcy could impair the Fanconi anemia (FA)/Brca1 pathway. Taken together, our study demonstrates that Hcy may enhance cell death, which contributes to the accumulation of DNA damage and promotion of hypersensitivity to cytotoxicity by impairing the FA/Brca1 pathway in murine NSCs in the presence of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yandan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Women and Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Huachun Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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Najafi M, Cheki M, Amini P, Javadi A, Shabeeb D, Eleojo Musa A. Evaluating the protective effect of resveratrol, Q10, and alpha-lipoic acid on radiation-induced mice spermatogenesis injury: A histopathological study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2019; 17:907-914. [PMID: 31970312 PMCID: PMC6943799 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v17i12.5791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Testis is one of the most sensitive organs against the toxic effect of ionizing radiation. Exposure to even a low dose of radiation during radiotherapy, diagnostic radiology, or a radiological event could pose a threat to spermatogenesis. This may lead to temporary or permanent infertility or even transfer of genomic instability to the next generations. Objective In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of treatment with three natural antioxidants; resveratrol, alpha lipoic acid, and coenzyme Q10 on radiation-induced spermatogenesis injury. Materials and Methods 30 NMRI mice (6-8 wk, 30 ± 5 gr) were randomly divided into six groups (n = 5/each) as 1) control; 2) radiation; 3) radiation + resveratrol; 4) radiation + alpha lipoic acid; 5) radiation + resveratrol + alpha lipoic acid; and 6) radiation+ Q10. Mice were treated with 100 mg/kg resveratrol or 200 mg/kg alpha lipoic acid or a combination of these drugs. Also, Q10 was administered at 200 mg/kg. All treatments were performed daily from two days before to 30 min before irradiation. Afterward, mice were exposed to 2 Gy 60 Co gamma rays; 37 days after irradiation, the testicular samples were collected and evaluated for histopathological parameters. Results Results showed that these agents are able to alleviate some toxicological parameters such as basal lamina and epididymis decreased sperm density. Also, all agents were able to increase Johnsen score. However, they could not protect against radiation-induced edema, atrophy of seminiferous tubules, and hyperplasia in Leydig cells. Conclusion This study indicates that resveratrol, alpha-lipoic acid, and Q10 have the potential to reduce some of the side effects of radiation on mice spermatogenesis. However, they cannot protect Leydig cells as a source of testosterone and seminiferous tubules as the location of sperm maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Najafi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Cheki
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Javadi
- Department of Pathology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dheyauldeen Shabeeb
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Eleojo Musa
- Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang W, Qin Z, Xian K, Tang S. Assessment of plasma homocysteine levels in patients with craniocerebral injury and prognosis. J Int Med Res 2019; 48:300060519882202. [PMID: 31852292 PMCID: PMC7607269 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519882202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and C-reactive protein
(CRP) levels in patients with craniocerebral injury. Methods A retrospective analysis of data from patients with craniocerebral injury who
underwent surgery. Patients were stratified according to the extent of the
craniocerebral injury into severe, moderate and mild craniocerebral injury
groups. Serum Hcy and CRP levels were determined at admission, at 7 days
after treatment and at 3 months after injury. Univariate and multivariate
Cox regression analyses were undertaken to identify prognostic factors. Results The study enrolled 96 patients: 29 patients with mild injury; 33 patients
with moderate injury; and 34 patients with severe injury. Serum Hcy and CRP
levels at admission were significantly higher in the severe craniocerebral
injury group than in the other two groups; and they were significantly
higher the moderate craniocerebral injury group compared with the mild
craniocerebral injury group. Serum Hcy and CRP levels of the three groups of
patients were significantly lower after 7 days of treatment than those
before treatment. The levels of Hcy and CRP were positively correlated in
all three groups. Conclusion Serum Hcy and CRP levels in patients could be used to monitor the condition
and prognosis of patients with craniocerebral injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guigang People's Hospital, Guigang City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhongqiao Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guigang People's Hospital, Guigang City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Kecong Xian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guigang People's Hospital, Guigang City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shuhong Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guigang People's Hospital, Guigang City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Differential Modulation of NF- κB in Neurons and Astrocytes Underlies Neuroprotection and Antigliosis Activity of Natural Antioxidant Molecules. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8056904. [PMID: 31485299 PMCID: PMC6710787 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8056904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, a hallmark of chronic neurodegenerative disorders, is characterized by sustained glial activation and the generation of an inflammatory loop, through the release of cytokines and other neurotoxic mediators that cause oxidative stress and limit functional repair of brain parenchyma. Dietary antioxidants may protect against neurodegenerative diseases by counteracting chronic neuroinflammation and reducing oxidative stress. Here, we describe the effects of a number of natural antioxidants (polyphenols, carotenoids, and thiolic molecules) in rescuing astrocytic function and neuronal viability following glial activation by reducing astrocyte proliferation and restoring astrocytic and neuronal survival and basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). All antioxidant molecules are also effective under conditions of oxidative stress and glutamate toxicity, two maladaptive components of neuroinflammatory processes. Moreover, it is remarkable that their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity occurs through differential modulation of NF-κB binding activity in neurons and astrocytes. In fact, we show that inflammatory stimuli promote a significant induction of NF-κB binding activity in astrocytes and its concomitant reduction in neurons. These changes are prevented in astrocytes and neurons pretreated with the antioxidant molecules, suggesting that NF-κB plays a key role in the modulation of survival and anti-inflammatory responses. Finally, we newly demonstrate that effective antigliosis and neuroprotective activity is achieved with a defined cocktail of four natural antioxidants at very low concentrations, suggesting a promising strategy to reduce inflammatory and oxidative damage in neurodegenerative diseases with limited side effects.
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Flavin Oxidase-Induced ROS Generation Modulates PKC Biphasic Effect of Resveratrol on Endothelial Cell Survival. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060209. [PMID: 31151226 PMCID: PMC6628153 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dietary intake of natural antioxidants is thought to impart protection against oxidative-associated cardiovascular diseases. Despite many in vivo studies and clinical trials, this issue has not been conclusively resolved. Resveratrol (RES) is one of the most extensively studied dietary polyphenolic antioxidants. Paradoxically, we have previously demonstrated that high RES concentrations exert a pro-oxidant effect eventually elevating ROS levels leading to cell death. Here, we further elucidate the molecular determinants underpinning RES-induced oxidative cell death. Methods: Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), the effect of increasing concentrations of RES on DNA synthesis and apoptosis was studied. In addition, mRNA and protein levels of cell survival or apoptosis genes, as well as protein kinase C (PKC) activity were determined. Results: While high concentrations of RES reduce PKC activity, inhibit DNA synthesis and induce apoptosis, low RES concentrations elicit an opposite effect. This biphasic concentration-dependent effect (BCDE) of RES on PKC activity is mirrored at the molecular level. Indeed, high RES concentrations upregulate the proapoptotic Bax, while downregulating the antiapoptotic Bcl-2, at both mRNA and protein levels. Similarly, high RES concentrations downregulate the cell cycle progression genes, c-myc, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and cyclin D1 protein levels, while low RES concentrations display an increasing trend. The BCDE of RES on PKC activity is abrogated by the ROS scavenger Tempol, indicating that this enzyme acts downstream of the RES-elicited ROS signaling. The RES-induced BCDE on HUVEC cell cycle machinery was also blunted by the flavin inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), implicating flavin oxidase-generated ROS as the mechanistic link in the cellular response to different RES concentrations. Finally, PKC inhibition abrogates the BCDE elicited by RES on both cell cycle progression and pro-apoptotic gene expression in HUVECs, mechanistically implicating PKC in the cellular response to different RES concentrations. Conclusions: Our results provide new molecular insight into the impact of RES on endothelial function/dysfunction, further confirming that obtaining an optimal benefit of RES is concentration-dependent. Importantly, the BCDE of RES could explain why other studies failed to establish the cardio-protective effects mediated by natural antioxidants, thus providing a guide for future investigation looking at cardio-protection by natural antioxidants.
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Tabeshpour J, Mehri S, Shaebani Behbahani F, Hosseinzadeh H. Protective effects of Vitis vinifera
(grapes) and one of its biologically active constituents, resveratrol, against natural and chemical toxicities: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2164-2190. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Tabeshpour
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Student Research Committee; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Neurocognitive Research Center; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaebani Behbahani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
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10
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Zhang JW, Yan R, Tang YS, Guo YZ, Chang Y, Jing L, Wang YL, Zhang JZ. Hyperhomocysteinemia-induced autophagy and apoptosis with downregulation of hairy enhancer of split 1/5 in cortical neurons in mice. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 30:371-382. [PMID: 29171783 PMCID: PMC5806807 DOI: 10.1177/0394632017740061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about brain histomorphology, neuronal organelles, and hairy enhancer of split (hes) expression under HHcy. In this study, non-HHcy and HHcy induced by high-methionine diet in apolipoprotein E–deficient (Apo E−/−) mice were comparatively investigated. The histomorphology, ultrastructure, autophagosomes, apoptosis, and expression of proteins, HES1, HES5 and P62, were designed to assess the effects of HHcy on brain. The results showed that compared to the non-HHcy mice, the HHcy group had an increase in autophagosomes, vacuolization in mitochondria, and neuron apoptosis; treatment with folate and vitamin B12 reduced the extent of these lesions. However, the elementary histomorphology, the numbers of cortical neurons, and Nissl bodies had no significant difference between the HHcy and the non-HHcy groups or the group treated with folate and vitamin B12. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence demonstrated a decrease in HES1- or HES5-positive neurons in the HHcy group when compared to the non-HHcy groups, wild-type, and Apo E−/− controls, or the HHcy mice with folate and vitamin B12 supplement. Western blots showed that HHcy induced a decreased expression of HES1 and HES5, or P62, in which the expression of HES1 and P62 was elevated by treating with folate and vitamin B12 supplement. These results suggest that HHcy-enhanced brain damage is associated with increased autophagy and neuronal apoptosis in Apo E−/− mice, in which downregulation of hes1 and hes5 is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Zhang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Immunopathology, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,2 School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Ru Yan
- 2 School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,3 Heart Centre, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Tang
- 2 School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Guo
- 2 School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yue Chang
- 2 School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Li Jing
- 2 School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yi-Li Wang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education and Institute of Immunopathology, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Zhang
- 2 School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases-Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,4 Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Wang Y, Sun J, Chen L, Zhou S, Lin H, Wang Y, Lin N, Ge RS. Effects of resveratrol on rat neurosteroid synthetic enzymes. Fitoterapia 2017; 122:61-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Resveratrol Modulation of Protein Expression in parkin-Mutant Human Skin Fibroblasts: A Proteomic Approach. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2198243. [PMID: 29138676 PMCID: PMC5613453 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2198243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis the effects of resveratrol treatment on skin primary fibroblasts from a healthy subject and from a parkin-mutant early onset Parkinson's disease patient. Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is the most frequently mutated gene in hereditary Parkinson's disease. Functional alteration of parkin leads to impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, resulting in the accumulation of misfolded or aggregated proteins accountable for the neurodegenerative process. The identification of proteins differentially expressed revealed that resveratrol treatment can act on deregulated specific biological process and molecular function such as cellular redox balance and protein homeostasis. In particular, resveratrol was highly effective at restoring the heat-shock protein network and the protein degradation systems. Moreover, resveratrol treatment led to a significant increase in GSH level, reduction of GSSG/GSH ratio, and decrease of reduced free thiol content in patient cells compared to normal fibroblasts. Thus, our findings provide an experimental evidence of the beneficial effects by which resveratrol could contribute to preserve the cellular homeostasis in parkin-mutant fibroblasts.
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DaSilva NA, Nahar PP, Ma H, Eid A, Wei Z, Meschwitz S, Zawia NH, Slitt AL, Seeram NP. Pomegranate ellagitannin-gut microbial-derived metabolites, urolithins, inhibit neuroinflammation in vitro. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:185-195. [PMID: 28784051 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1360558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Urolithins, ellagitannin-gut microbial-derived metabolites, have been reported to mediate pomegranate's neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer's disease (AD), but there are limited data on their effects against neuroinflammation. Herein, we: (1) evaluated whether urolithins (urolithins A and B and their methylated derivatives) attenuate neuroinflammation in murine BV-2 microglia and human SH-SY5Y neurons, and (2) evaluated hippocampus of transgenic AD (R1.40) mice administered a pomegranate extract (PE; 100 or 200 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks) for inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS Effects of urolithins (10 μM) on inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglia. In a non-contact co-culture cell model, SH-SY5Y cell viability was assessed after exposure to media collected from LPS-BV-2 cells treated with or without urolithins. Effects of urolithins on apoptosis and caspase 3/7 and 9 release from H2O2-induced oxidative stress of BV-2 and SH-SY5Y cells were assessed. Hippocampal tissues of vehicle and PE-treated transgenic R1.40 mice were evaluated for gene expression of inflammatory biomarkers by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Urolithins decreased media levels of nitric oxide, interleukin 6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha from LPS-BV-2 microglia. In the co-culture cell model, media from LPS-BV-2 cells treated with urolithins preserved SH-SY5Y cell viability greater than media from cells treated without urolithins. Urolithins mitigated apoptosis and caspase 3/7 and 9 release from H2O2-induced oxidative stress of BV-2 and SH-SY5Y cells. While not statistically significant, inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, COX-2, IL-1, and IL-6) appeared to follow a decreasing trend in the hippocampus of high-dose PE-treated animals compared to controls. DISCUSSION The attenuation of neuroinflammation by urolithins may contribute, in part, toward pomegranate's neuroprotective effects against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A DaSilva
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI 02881 , USA
| | - Pragati P Nahar
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI 02881 , USA
| | - Hang Ma
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI 02881 , USA
| | - Aseel Eid
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI 02881 , USA
| | - Zhengxi Wei
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI 02881 , USA
| | - Susan Meschwitz
- b Department of Chemistry , Salve Regina University , Newport , RI 02840 , USA
| | - Nasser H Zawia
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI 02881 , USA.,c George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI 02881 , USA
| | - Angela L Slitt
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI 02881 , USA
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI 02881 , USA.,c George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island , Kingston , RI 02881 , USA
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14
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Wang YJ, Chan MH, Chen L, Wu SN, Chen HH. Resveratrol attenuates cortical neuron activity: roles of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels and voltage-gated sodium channels. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:47. [PMID: 27209372 PMCID: PMC4875746 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resveratrol, a phytoalexin found in grapes and red wine, exhibits diverse pharmacological activities. However, relatively little is known about whether resveratrol modulates the ion channels in cortical neurons. The large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa) and voltage-gated sodium channels were expressed in cortical neurons and play important roles in regulation of neuronal excitability. The present study aimed to determine the effects of resveratrol on BKCa currents and voltage-gated sodium currents in cortical neurons. Results Resveratrol concentration-dependently increased the current amplitude and the opening activity of BKCa channels, but suppressed the amplitude of voltage-gated sodium currents. Similar to the BKCa channel opener NS1619, resveratrol decreased the firing rate of action potentials. In addition, the enhancing effects of BKCa channel blockers tetraethylammonium (TEA) and paxilline on action potential firing were sensitive to resveratrol. Our results indicated that the attenuation of action potential firing rate by resveratrol might be mediated through opening the BKCa channels and closing the voltage-gated sodium channels. Conclusions As BKCa channels and sodium channels are critical molecular determinants for seizure generation, our findings suggest that regulation of these two channels in cortical neurons probably makes a considerable contribution to the antiseizure activity of resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jean Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huan Chan
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Chengchi University, 64, Sec.2, ZhiNan Road, Wenshan District, Taipei City, 11605, Taiwan.,Research Center for Mind, Brain, and Learning, National Chengchi University, 64, Sec.2, ZhiNan Road, Wenshan District, Taipei City, 11605, Taiwan
| | - Linyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, 1 University Road, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Hwei-Hisen Chen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan. .,Institute of Neuroscience, National Chengchi University, 64, Sec.2, ZhiNan Road, Wenshan District, Taipei City, 11605, Taiwan. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 701, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan.
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15
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Dattilo S, Mancuso C, Koverech G, Di Mauro P, Ontario ML, Petralia CC, Petralia A, Maiolino L, Serra A, Calabrese EJ, Calabrese V. Heat shock proteins and hormesis in the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Immun Ageing 2015; 12:20. [PMID: 26543490 PMCID: PMC4634585 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-015-0046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of endogenous cellular defense mechanisms via the vitagene system represents an innovative approach to therapeutic intervention in diseases causing chronic tissue damage, such as in neurodegeneration. The possibility of high-throughoutput screening using proteomic techniques, particularly redox proteomics, provide more comprehensive overview of the interaction of proteins, as well as the interplay among processes involved in neuroprotection. Here by introducing the hormetic dose response concept, the mechanistic foundations and applications to the field of neuroprotection, we discuss the emerging role of heat shock protein as prominent member of vitagene network in neuroprotection and redox proteomics as a tool for investigating redox modulation of stress responsive vitagenes. Hormetic mechanisms are reviewed as possibility of targeted therapeutic manipulation in a cell-, tissue- and/or pathway-specific manner at appropriate points in the neurodegenerative disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Dattilo
- />Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Cesare Mancuso
- />Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Koverech
- />Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Di Mauro
- />Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- />Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Petralia
- />Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiolino
- />Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Serra
- />Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Edward J. Calabrese
- />Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- />Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria, 95100 Catania, Italy
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16
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Neuroprotection by Cocktails of Dietary Antioxidants under Conditions of Nerve Growth Factor Deprivation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:217258. [PMID: 26236423 PMCID: PMC4510258 DOI: 10.1155/2015/217258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary antioxidants may be useful in counteracting the chronic inflammatory status in neurodegenerative diseases by reducing oxidative stress due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we newly described the efficacy of a number of dietary antioxidants (polyphenols, carotenoids, thiolic compounds, and oligoelements) on viability of neuronal PC12 cells following Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) deprivation, a model of age-related decrease of neurotrophic support that triggers neuronal loss. Neuroprotection by antioxidants during NGF deprivation for 24 h was largely dependent on their concentrations: all dietary antioxidants were able to efficiently support cell viability by reducing ROS levels and restoring mitochondrial function, while preserving the neuronal morphology. Moreover, ROS reduction and neuroprotection during NGF withdrawal were also achieved with defined cocktails of 3-6 different antioxidants at concentrations 5-60 times lower than those used in single treatments, suggesting that their antioxidant activity was preserved also at very low concentrations. Overall, these data indicate the beneficial effects of antioxidants against oxidative stress induced by decreased NGF availability and suggest that defined cocktails of dietary factors at low concentrations might be a suitable strategy to reduce oxidative damage in neurodegenerative diseases, while limiting possible side effects.
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17
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Homocysteine facilitates LOX-1 activation and endothelial death through the PKCβ and SIRT1/HSF1 mechanism: relevance to human hyperhomocysteinaemia. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:477-87. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20150127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our study demonstrates a new direction for LOX-1 regulation by modulating the PKCβ/NADPH oxidase/SIRT1/HSF1 pathway, which affects hyperhomocysteinaemia-induced endothelial cell dysfunction and apoptosis.
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18
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Lippolis R, Siciliano RA, Pacelli C, Ferretta A, Mazzeo MF, Scacco S, Papa F, Gaballo A, Dell'Aquila C, De Mari M, Papa S, Cocco T. Altered protein expression pattern in skin fibroblasts from parkin-mutant early-onset Parkinson's disease patients. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1960-70. [PMID: 26096686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder caused primarily by selective degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. In this work the proteomes extracted from primary fibroblasts of two unrelated, hereditary cases of PD patients, with different parkin mutations, were compared with the proteomes extracted from commercial adult normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and primary fibroblasts from the healthy mother of one of the two patients. The results show that the fibroblasts from the two different cases of parkin-mutant patients display analogous alterations in the expression level of proteins involved in different cellular functions, like cytoskeleton structure-dynamics, calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress response, protein and RNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Lippolis
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 165/A, Bari, Italy.
| | - Rosa Anna Siciliano
- Institute of Food Sciences, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Roma, 64, Avellino, Italy
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitè de Montreal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal QCH3T1J4, Canada
| | - Anna Ferretta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University 'A. Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Fiorella Mazzeo
- Institute of Food Sciences, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Roma, 64, Avellino, Italy
| | - Salvatore Scacco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University 'A. Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Papa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University 'A. Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Gaballo
- CNR NANOTEC-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | - Sergio Papa
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 165/A, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University 'A. Moro', Bari, Italy.
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19
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Li JJ, Li Q, Du HP, Wang YL, You SJ, Wang F, Xu XS, Cheng J, Cao YJ, Liu CF, Hu LF. Homocysteine Triggers Inflammatory Responses in Macrophages through Inhibiting CSE-H2S Signaling via DNA Hypermethylation of CSE Promoter. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12560-77. [PMID: 26047341 PMCID: PMC4490461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, Hcy-lowering strategies were found to have limited effects in reducing cardiovascular events. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Increasing evidence reveals a role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of HHcy. Homocysteine (Hcy) is a precursor of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which is formed via the transsulfuration pathway catalyzed by cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and serves as a novel modulator of inflammation. In the present study, we showed that methionine supplementation induced mild HHcy in mice, associated with the elevations of TNF-α and IL-1β in the plasma and reductions of plasma H2S level and CSE expression in the peritoneal macrophages. H2S-releasing compound GYY4137 attenuated the increases of TNF-α and IL-1β in the plasma of HHcy mice and Hcy-treated raw264.7 cells while CSE inhibitor PAG exacerbated it. Moreover, the in vitro study showed that Hcy inhibited CSE expression and H2S production in macrophages, accompanied by the increases of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) expression and DNA hypermethylation in cse promoter region. DNMT inhibition or knockdown reversed the decrease of CSE transcription induced by Hcy in macrophages. In sum, our findings demonstrate that Hcy may trigger inflammation through inhibiting CSE-H2S signaling, associated with increased promoter DNA methylation and transcriptional repression of cse in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Hua-Ping Du
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
| | - Ya-Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Shou-Jiang You
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xing-Shun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
| | - Jian Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yong-Jun Cao
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Li-Fang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Calabrese V, Scapagnini G, Davinelli S, Koverech G, Koverech A, De Pasquale C, Salinaro AT, Scuto M, Calabrese EJ, Genazzani AR. Sex hormonal regulation and hormesis in aging and longevity: role of vitagenes. J Cell Commun Signal 2014; 8:369-84. [PMID: 25381162 PMCID: PMC4390801 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-014-0253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging process is accompanied by hormonal changes characterized by an imbalance between catabolic hormones, such as cortisol and thyroid hormones which remain stable and hormones with anabolic effects (testosterone, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), that decrease with age. Deficiencies in multiple anabolic hormones have been shown to predict health status and longevity in older persons.Unlike female menopause, which is accompanied by an abrupt and permanent cessation of ovarian function (both folliculogenesis and estradiol production), male aging does not result in either cessation of testosterone production nor infertility. Although the circulating serum testosterone concentration does decline with aging, in most men this decrease is small, resulting in levels that are generally within the normal range. Hormone therapy (HT) trials have caused both apprehension and confusion about the overall risks and benefits associated with HT treatment. Stress-response hormesis from a molecular genetic perspective corresponds to the induction by stressors of an adaptive, defensive response, particularly through alteration of gene expression. Increased longevity can be associated with greater resistance to a range of stressors. During aging, a gradual decline in potency of the heat shock response occur and this may prevent repair of protein damage. Conversely, thermal stress or pharmacological agents capable of inducing stress responses, by promoting increased expression of heat-shock proteins, confer protection against denaturation of proteins and restoration of proteome function. If induction of stress resistance increases life span and hormesis induces stress resistance, hormesis most likely result in increased life span. Hormesis describes an adaptive response to continuous cellular stresses, representing a phenomenon where exposure to a mild stressor confers resistance to subsequent, otherwise harmful, conditions of increased stress. This biphasic dose-response relationship, displaying low-dose stimulation and a high-dose inhibition, as adaptive response to detrimental lifestyle factors determines the extent of protection from progression to metabolic diseases such as diabetes and more in general to hormonal dysregulation and age-related pathologies. Integrated responses exist to detect and control diverse forms of stress. This is accomplished by a complex network of the so-called longevity assurance processes, which are composed of several genes termed vitagenes. Vitagenes encode for heat shock proteins (Hsps), thioredoxin and sirtuin protein systems. Nutritional antioxidants, have recently been demonstrated to be neuroprotective through the activation of hormetic pathways under control of Vitagene protein network. Here we focus on possible signaling mechanisms involved in the activation of vitagenes resulting in enhanced defense against functional defects leading to degeneration and cell death with consequent impact on longevity processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria, 95100, Catania, Italy,
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