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Pan C, Mao S, Xiong Z, Chen Z, Xu N. Glutamate dehydrogenase: Potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 950:175733. [PMID: 37116563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a key enzyme in mammalian glutamate metabolism. It is located at the intersection of multiple metabolic pathways and participates in a variety of cellular activities. GDH activity is strictly regulated by a variety of allosteric compounds. Here, we review the unique distribution and expressions of GDH in the brain nervous system. GDH plays an essential role in the glutamate-glutamine-GABA cycle between astrocytes and neurons. The dysfunction of GDH may induce the occurrence of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and frontotemporal dementia. GDH activators and gene therapy have been found to protect neurons and improve motor disorders in neurodegenerative diseases caused by glutamate metabolism disorders. To date, no medicine has been discovered that specifically targets neurodegenerative diseases, although several potential medicines are used clinically. Targeting GDH to treat neurodegenerative diseases is expected to provide new insights and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, 313200, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, 313200, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeping Xiong
- Department of Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, 313200, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, 313200, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, 313200, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Gul Z, Buyukuysal RL. Glutamate-induced modulation in energy metabolism contributes to protection of rat cortical slices against ischemia-induced damage. Neuroreport 2021; 32:157-162. [PMID: 33323837 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glutamate excitotoxicity contributes to neurodegeneration during cerebral ischemia. Recent studies in the protective effect of glutamate against ischemia and hypoxia have shown the need for questioning the role of glutamate in energy metabolism during ischemia. Current study investigates the effect of glutamate on energy substrate metabolites such as alpha-ketoglutarate, lactate, and pyruvate release during control, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), and reoxygenation (REO) conditions. METHODS The effects of 0.5 and 2 mM glutamate on spontaneous alpha-ketoglutarate, lactate, and pyruvate release were tested in vitro, on acute rat cortical slices. Alpha-ketoglutarate, lactate, and pyruvate levels were determined by HPLC with UV detector. RESULTS We observed that glutamate added into medium significantly increased alpha-ketogluarate release under control conditions. Although OGD and REO also had a glutamate-like effect, only REO-induced rise further enhanced by glutamate. In contrast to alpha-ketoglutarate, both OGD and REO conditions caused significant declines in pyruvate and lactate outputs. While OGD and REO-induced declines in pyruvate outputs were further potentiated, lactate output was not altered by glutamate added into the medium. Glutamate and alpha-ketoglutarate, moreover, also ameliorated OGD- and REO-induced losses in 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining with a similar degree. CONCLUSION These results indicate that glutamate probably increases alpha-ketoglutarate production as an alternative energy source for use in the TCA cycle under energy-depleted conditions. Thus, increasing the alpha-ketoglutarate production may represent a new therapeutic intervention for neurodegenerative disorders, including cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiye Gul
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul
| | - R Levent Buyukuysal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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3
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Ionizing Radiation and Translation Control: A Link to Radiation Hormesis? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186650. [PMID: 32932812 PMCID: PMC7555331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis, or mRNA translation, is one of the most energy-consuming functions in cells. Translation of mRNA into proteins is thus highly regulated by and integrated with upstream and downstream signaling pathways, dependent on various transacting proteins and cis-acting elements within the substrate mRNAs. Under conditions of stress, such as exposure to ionizing radiation, regulatory mechanisms reprogram protein synthesis to translate mRNAs encoding proteins that ensure proper cellular responses. Interestingly, beneficial responses to low-dose radiation exposure, known as radiation hormesis, have been described in several models, but the molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon are largely unknown. In this review, we explore how differences in cellular responses to high- vs. low-dose ionizing radiation are realized through the modulation of molecular pathways with a particular emphasis on the regulation of mRNA translation control.
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Robinson MB, Lee ML, DaSilva S. Glutamate Transporters and Mitochondria: Signaling, Co-compartmentalization, Functional Coupling, and Future Directions. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:526-540. [PMID: 32002773 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In addition to being an amino acid that is incorporated into proteins, glutamate is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS, the precursor for the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, and one metabolic step from the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate. Extracellular glutamate is cleared by a family of Na+-dependent transporters. These transporters are variably expressed by all cell types in the nervous system, but the bulk of clearance is into astrocytes. GLT-1 and GLAST (also called EAAT2 and EAAT1) mediate this activity and are extremely abundant proteins with their expression enriched in fine astrocyte processes. In this review, we will focus on three topics related to these astrocytic glutamate transporters. First, these transporters co-transport three Na+ ions and a H+ with each molecule of glutamate and counter-transport one K+; they are also coupled to a Cl- conductance. The movement of Na+ is sufficient to cause profound astrocytic depolarization, and the movement of H+ is linked to astrocytic acidification. In addition, the movement of Na+ can trigger the activation of Na+ co-transporters (e.g. Na+-Ca2+ exchangers). We will describe the ways in which these ionic movements have been linked as signals to brain function and/or metabolism. Second, these transporters co-compartmentalize with mitochondria, potentially providing a mechanism to supply glutamate to mitochondria as a source of fuel for the brain. We will provide an overview of the proteins involved, discuss the evidence that glutamate is oxidized, and then highlight some of the un-resolved issues related to glutamate oxidation. Finally, we will review evidence that ischemic insults (stroke or oxygen/glucose deprivation) cause changes in these astrocytic mitochondria and discuss the ways in which these changes have been linked to glutamate transport, glutamate transport-dependent signaling, and altered glutamate metabolism. We conclude with a broader summary of some of the unresolved issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Robinson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 502N, Abramson Pediatric Research Building, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4318, USA.
| | - Meredith L Lee
- Departments of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 502N, Abramson Pediatric Research Building, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4318, USA
| | - Sabrina DaSilva
- Departments of Pediatrics and Systems Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 502N, Abramson Pediatric Research Building, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4318, USA
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5
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The Role of Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway and Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway in Cerebral Ischemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5457049. [PMID: 32089771 PMCID: PMC7016479 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5457049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and autophagy-lysosome pathway are two major routes for clearance of aberrant cellular components to maintain protein homeostasis and normal cellular functions. Accumulating evidence shows that these two pathways are impaired during cerebral ischemia, which contributes to ischemic-induced neuronal necrosis and apoptosis. This review aims to critically discuss current knowledge and controversies on these two pathways in response to cerebral ischemic stress. We also discuss molecular mechanisms underlying the impairments of these protein degradation pathways and how such impairments lead to neuronal damage after cerebral ischemia. Further, we review the recent advance on the understanding of the involvement of these two pathways in the pathological process during many therapeutic approaches against cerebral ischemia. Despite recent advances, the exact role and molecular mechanisms of these two pathways following cerebral ischemia are complex and not completely understood, of which better understanding will provide avenues to develop novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.
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6
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Doeppner TR, Zechmeister B, Kaltwasser B, Jin F, Zheng X, Majid A, Venkataramani V, Bähr M, Hermann DM. Very Delayed Remote Ischemic Post-conditioning Induces Sustained Neurological Recovery by Mechanisms Involving Enhanced Angioneurogenesis and Peripheral Immunosuppression Reversal. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:383. [PMID: 30420796 PMCID: PMC6216109 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic conditioning is defined as a transient and subcritical period of ischemia integrated in an experimental paradigm that involves a stimulus of injurious ischemia, activating endogenous tissue repair mechanisms that lead to cellular protection under pathological conditions like stroke. Whereas ischemic pre-conditioning is irrelevant for stroke treatment, ischemic post-conditioning, and especially non-invasive remote ischemic post-conditioning (rPostC) is an innovative and potential strategy for stroke treatment. Although rPostC has been shown to induce neuroprotection in stroke models before, resulting in some clinical trials on the way, fundamental questions with regard to its therapeutic time frame and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Hence, we herein used a model of non-invasive rPostC of hind limbs after cerebral ischemia in male C57BL6 mice, studying the optimal timing for the application of rPostC and its underlying mechanisms for up to 3 months. Mice undergoing rPostC underwent three different paradigms, starting with the first cycle of rPostC 12 h, 24 h, or 5 days after stroke induction, which is a very delayed time point of rPostC that has not been studied elsewhere. rPostC as applied within 24 h post-stroke induces reduction of infarct volume on day three. On the contrary, very delayed rPostC does not yield reduction of infarct volume on day seven when first applied on day five, albeit long-term brain injury is significantly reduced. Likewise, very delayed rPostC yields sustained neurological recovery, whereas early rPostC (i.e., <24 h) results in transient neuroprotection only. The latter is mediated via heat shock protein 70 that is a well-known signaling protein involved in the pathophysiological cellular cascade of cerebral ischemia, leading to decreased proteasomal activity and decreased post-stroke inflammation. Very delayed rPostC on day five, however, induces a pleiotropic effect, among which a stimulation of angioneurogenesis, a modulation of the ischemic extracellular milieu, and a reversal of the stroke-induced immunosuppression occur. As such, very delayed rPostC appears to be an attractive tool for future adjuvant stroke treatment that deserves further preclinical attention before large clinical trials are in order, which so far have predominantly focused on early rPostC only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bozena Zechmeister
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Britta Kaltwasser
- Department of Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Fengyan Jin
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arshad Majid
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek Venkataramani
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
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Mathioudakis L, Bourbouli M, Daklada E, Kargatzi S, Michaelidou K, Zaganas I. Localization of Human Glutamate Dehydrogenases Provides Insights into Their Metabolic Role and Their Involvement in Disease Processes. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:170-187. [PMID: 29943084 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyzes the reversible deamination of L-glutamate to α-ketoglutarate and ammonia. In mammals, GDH contributes to important processes such as amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, energy production, ammonia management, neurotransmitter recycling and insulin secretion. In humans, two isoforms of GDH are found, namely hGDH1 and hGDH2, with the former being ubiquitously expressed and the latter found mainly in brain, testis and kidney. These two iso-enzymes display highly divergent allosteric properties, especially concerning their basal activity, ADP activation and GTP inhibition. On the other hand, both enzymes are thought to predominantly localize in the mitochondrial matrix, even though alternative localizations have been proposed. To further study the subcellular localization of the two human iso-enzymes, we created HEK293 cell lines stably over-expressing hGDH1 and hGDH2. In these cell lines, immunofluorescence and enzymatic analyses verified the overexpression of both hGDH1 and hGDH2 iso-enzymes, whereas subcellular fractionation followed by immunoblotting showed their predominantly mitochondrial localization. Given that previous studies have only indirectly compared the subcellular localization of the two iso-enzymes, we co-expressed them tagged with different fluorescent dyes (green and red fluorescent protein for hGDH1 and hGDH2, respectively) and found them to co-localize. Despite the wealth of information related to the functional properties of hGDH1 and hGDH2 and the availability of the hGDH1 structure, there is still an ongoing debate concerning their metabolic role and their involvement in disease processes. Data on the localization of hGDHs, as the ones presented here, could contribute to better understanding of the function of these important human enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambros Mathioudakis
- Neurology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mara Bourbouli
- Neurology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elisavet Daklada
- Neurology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sofia Kargatzi
- Neurology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kleita Michaelidou
- Neurology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zaganas
- Neurology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. .,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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8
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Zheng H, Han Y, Du Y, Shi X, Huang H, Yu X, Tan X, Hu C, Wang Y, Zhou S. Regulation of Hypertension for Secondary Prevention of Stroke: The Possible 'Bridging Function' of Acupuncture. Complement Med Res 2018; 25:45-51. [PMID: 29393105 DOI: 10.1159/000475930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, stroke is the leading cause of mortality and disability, with hypertension being an independent risk factor for a secondary stroke. Acupuncture for the treatment of hypertension gains more attention in alternative and complementary medicine, but the results are inconsistent. Few studies regarding the secondary prevention of stroke by managing hypertension with acupuncture have been carried out as there are some problems regarding the antihypertensive drug status in the secondary prevention of stroke. Still, the potential of acupuncture in regulating the blood pressure for secondary stroke prevention deserves our focus. This review is based on papers recorded in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, from their inception until March 28, 2017, and retrieved with the following search terms: hypertension and acupuncture, limited in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), stress-induced (or cold-induced) hypertensive or pre-hypertensive models. We find that, in these hypertensive animals, acupuncture could mainly influence factors related to the nervous system, oxidative stress, the endocrine system, cardiovascular function, and hemorheology, which are closely associated with the stroke outcome. This trend may give us a hint that acupuncture might well participate in the secondary prevention of stroke through these pathways when used in the management of hypertension.
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9
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Kim AY, Baik EJ. Glutamate Dehydrogenase as a Neuroprotective Target Against Neurodegeneration. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:147-153. [PMID: 29357018 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of glutamate metabolism via glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) might be the promising therapeutic approach for treating neurodegenerative disorders. In the central nervous system, glutamate functions both as a major excitatory neurotransmitter and as a key intermediate metabolite for neurons. GDH converts glutamate to α-ketoglutarate, which serves as a TCA cycle intermediate. Dysregulated GDH activity in the central nervous system is highly correlated with neurological disorders. Indeed, studies conducted with mutant mice and allosteric drugs have shown that deficient or overexpressed GDH activity in the brain can regulate whole body energy metabolism and affect early onset of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, temporal lobe epilepsy, and spinocerebellar atrophy. Moreover, in strokes with excitotoxicity as the main pathophysiology, mice that overexpressed GDH exhibited smaller ischemic lesion than mice with normal GDH expression. In additions, GDH activators improve lesions in vivo by increasing α-ketoglutarate levels. In neurons exposed to an insult in vitro, enhanced GDH activity increases ATP levels. Thus, in an energy crisis, neuronal mitochondrial activity is improved and excitotoxic risk is reduced. Consequently, modulating GDH activity in energy-depleted conditions could be a sound strategy for maintaining the mitochondrial factory in neurons, and thus, protect against metabolic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Eun Joo Baik
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea. .,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
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10
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Amantea D, Bagetta G. Excitatory and inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters in stroke: from neurotoxicity to ischemic tolerance. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 35:111-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Kim AY, Jeong KH, Lee JH, Kang Y, Lee SH, Baik EJ. Glutamate dehydrogenase as a neuroprotective target against brain ischemia and reperfusion. Neuroscience 2016; 340:487-500. [PMID: 27845178 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Deregulation of glutamate homeostasis is associated with degenerative neurological disorders. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is important for glutamate metabolism and plays a central role in expanding the pool of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), which improves overall bioenergetics. Under high energy demand, maintenance of ATP production results in functionally active mitochondria. Here, we tested whether the modulation of GDH activity can rescue ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal death in an in vivo mouse model of middle artery occlusion and an in vitro oxygen/glucose depletion model. Iodoacetate, an inhibitor of glycolysis, was also used in a model of energy failure, remarkably depleting ATP and α-KG. To stimulate GDH activity, the GDH activator 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid and potential activator beta-lapachone were used. The GDH activators restored α-KG and ATP levels in the injury models and provided potent neuroprotection. We also found that beta-lapachone increased glutamate utilization, accompanied by a reduction in extracellular glutamate. Thus, our hypothesis that mitochondrial GDH activators increase α-KG production as an alternative energy source for use in the TCA cycle under energy-depleted conditions was confirmed. Our results suggest that increasing GDH-mediated glutamate oxidation represents a new therapeutic intervention for neurodegenerative disorders, including stoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Young Kim
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hoon Jeong
- Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yup Kang
- Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Baik
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Doeppner TR, Doehring M, Kaltwasser B, Majid A, Lin F, Bähr M, Kilic E, Hermann DM. Ischemic Post-Conditioning Induces Post-Stroke Neuroprotection via Hsp70-Mediated Proteasome Inhibition and Facilitates Neural Progenitor Cell Transplantation. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6061-6073. [PMID: 27699598 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In view of the failure of pharmacological therapies, alternative strategies promoting post-stroke brain repair are needed. Post-conditioning is a potentially promising therapeutic strategy, which induces acute neuroprotection against ischemic injury. To elucidate longer lasting actions of ischemic post-conditioning, mice were exposed to a 60-min stroke and post-conditioning by an additional 10-min stroke that was induced 10 min after reperfusion onset. Animals were sacrificed 24 h or 28 days post-stroke. Post-conditioning reduced infarct volume and neurological deficits 24 h post-stroke, enhancing blood-brain barrier integrity, reducing brain leukocyte infiltration, and reducing oxidative stress. On the molecular level, post-conditioning yielded increased Hsp70 expression, whereas nuclear factor (NF)-κB and proteasome activities were decreased. Reduced infarct volume and proteasome inhibition were reversed by Hsp70 knockdown, suggesting a critical role of the Hsp70 proteasome pathway in ischemic post-conditioning. The survival-promoting effects of ischemic post-conditioning, however, were not sustainable as neuroprotection and neurological recovery were lost 28 days post-stroke. Although angioneurogenesis was not increased by post-conditioning, the favorable extracellular milieu facilitated intracerebral transplantation of neural progenitor cells 6 h post-stroke, resulting in persisted neuroprotection and neurological recovery. Thus, post-conditioning might support brain repair processes, but in view of its transient, neuroprotection is unlikely useful as stroke therapy in its current form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany. .,Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Maria Doehring
- Oberhavel Kliniken, Department of Internal Medicine, Oranienburg, Germany
| | - Britta Kaltwasser
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Arshad Majid
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Fengyan Lin
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
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13
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Morland C, Lauritzen KH, Puchades M, Holm-Hansen S, Andersson K, Gjedde A, Attramadal H, Storm-Mathisen J, Bergersen LH. The lactate receptor, G-protein-coupled receptor 81/hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1: Expression and action in brain. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1045-55. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Morland
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Oral Biology; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Knut Husø Lauritzen
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Maja Puchades
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Signe Holm-Hansen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Krister Andersson
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Håvard Attramadal
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Jon Storm-Mathisen
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Linda Hildegard Bergersen
- The Brain and Muscle Energy Group; Department of Anatomy; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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