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Subbarayan R, Murugan Girija D, Raja STK, Krishnamoorthy A, Srinivasan D, Shrestha R, Srivastava N, Ranga Rao S. Conditioned medium-enriched umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: a potential therapeutic strategy for spinal cord injury, unveiling transcriptomic and secretomic insights. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:570. [PMID: 38658405 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to significant destruction of nerve tissue, causing the degeneration of axons and the formation of cystic cavities. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) cultured in a serum-free conditioned medium (CM) and assess their effectiveness in a well-established hemitransection SCI model. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, HUCMSCs cultured medium was collected and characterized by measuring IL-10 and identifying proteomics using mass spectroscopy. This collected serum-free CM was further used in the experiments to culture and characterize the HUMSCs. Later, neuronal cells derived from CM-enriched HUCMSC were tested sequentially using an injectable caffeic acid-bioconjugated gelatin (CBG), which was further transplanted in a hemitransection SCI model. In vitro, characterization of CM-enriched HUCMSCs and differentiated neuronal cells was performed using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and post-transplant analysis using immunohistology analysis, qPCR, in vivo bioluminescence imaging, and behavioral analysis using an infrared actimeter. RESULTS The cells that were cultured in the conditioned media produced a pro-inflammatory cytokine called IL-10. Upon examining the secretome of the conditioned media, the Kruppel-like family of KRAB and zinc-finger proteins (C2H2 and C4) were found to be activated. Transcriptome analysis also revealed an increased expression of ELK-1, HOXD8, OTX2, YY1, STAT1, ETV7, and PATZ1 in the conditioned media. Furthermore, the expression of Human Stem-101 confirmed proliferation during the first 3 weeks after transplantation, along with the migration of CBG-UCNSC cells within the transplanted area. The gene analysis showed increased expression of Nestin, NeuN, Calb-2, Msi1, and Msi2. The group that received CBG-UCNSC therapy showed a smooth recovery by the end of week 2, with most rats regaining their walking abilities similar to those before the spinal cord injury by week 5. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the CBG-UCNSC method effectively preserved the integrity of the transplanted neuronal-like cells and improved locomotor function. Thus, CM-enriched cells can potentially reduce biosafety risks associated with animal content, making them a promising option for clinical applications in treating spinal cord injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekaran Subbarayan
- Centre for Advanced Biotherapeutics and Regenerative Medicine, Research-FAHS, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603013, India.
| | | | | | | | - Dhasarathdev Srinivasan
- Centre for Advanced Biotherapeutics and Regenerative Medicine, Research-FAHS, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603013, India
| | | | | | - Suresh Ranga Rao
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Onda-Ohto A, Hasegawa-Ogawa M, Matsuno H, Shiraishi T, Bono K, Hiraki H, Kanegae Y, Iguchi Y, Okano HJ. Specific vulnerability of iPSC-derived motor neurons with TDP-43 gene mutation to oxidative stress. Mol Brain 2023; 16:62. [PMID: 37496071 PMCID: PMC10369818 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease that affects motor neurons and has a poor prognosis. We focused on TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43), which is a common component of neuronal inclusions in many ALS patients. To analyze the contribution of TDP-43 mutations to ALS in human cells, we first introduced TDP-43 mutations into healthy human iPSCs using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, induced the differentiation of these cells into motor and sensory neurons, and analyzed factors that are assumed to be altered in or associated with ALS (cell morphology, TDP-43 localization and aggregate formation, cell death, TDP-43 splicing function, etc.). We aimed to clarify the pathological alterations caused solely by TDP-43 mutation, i.e., the changes in human iPSC-derived neurons with TDP-43 mutation compared with those with the same genetic background except TDP-43 mutation. Oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide administration caused the death of TDP-43 mutant-expressing motor neurons but not in sensory neurons, indicating the specific vulnerability of human iPSC-derived motor neurons with TDP-43 mutation to oxidative stress. In our model, we observed aggregate formation in a small fraction of TDP-43 mutant-expressing motor neurons, suggesting that aggregate formation seems to be related to ALS pathology but not the direct cause of cell death. This study provides basic knowledge for elucidating the pathogenesis of ALS and developing treatments for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Onda-Ohto
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Minami Hasegawa-Ogawa
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Matsuno
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Shiraishi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Keiko Bono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hiraki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yumi Kanegae
- Core Research Facilities, Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hirotaka James Okano
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
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Walters GC, Usachev YM. Mitochondrial calcium cycling in neuronal function and neurodegeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1094356. [PMID: 36760367 PMCID: PMC9902777 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1094356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for proper cellular function through their critical roles in ATP synthesis, reactive oxygen species production, calcium (Ca2+) buffering, and apoptotic signaling. In neurons, Ca2+ buffering is particularly important as it helps to shape Ca2+ signals and to regulate numerous Ca2+-dependent functions including neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, gene expression, and neuronal toxicity. Over the past decade, identification of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and other molecular components of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport has provided insight into the roles that mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation plays in neuronal function in health and disease. In this review, we discuss the many roles of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and release mechanisms in normal neuronal function and highlight new insights into the Ca2+-dependent mechanisms that drive mitochondrial dysfunction in neurologic diseases including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We also consider how targeting Ca2+ uptake and release mechanisms could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C. Walters
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yuriy M. Usachev
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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Villalba RM, Pare JF, Lee S, Lee S, Smith Y. Thalamic degeneration in MPTP-treated Parkinsonian monkeys: impact upon glutamatergic innervation of striatal cholinergic interneurons. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:3321-3338. [PMID: 31679085 PMCID: PMC6878768 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01967-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In both Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and MPTP-treated non-human primates, there is a profound neuronal degeneration of the intralaminar centromedian/parafascicular (CM/Pf) thalamic complex. Although this thalamic pathology has long been established in PD (and other neurodegenerative disorders), the impact of CM/Pf cell loss on the integrity of the thalamo-striatal glutamatergic system and its regulatory functions upon striatal neurons remain unknown. In the striatum, cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) are important constituents of the striatal microcircuitry and represent one of the main targets of CM/Pf-striatal projections. Using light and electron microscopy approaches, we have analyzed the potential impact of CM/Pf neuronal loss on the anatomy of the synaptic connections between thalamic terminals (vGluT2-positive) and ChIs neurons in the striatum of parkinsonian monkeys treated chronically with MPTP. The following conclusions can be drawn from our observations: (1) as reported in PD patients, and in our previous monkey study, CM/Pf neurons undergo profound degeneration in monkeys chronically treated with low doses of MPTP. (2) In the caudate (head and body) nucleus of parkinsonian monkeys, there is an increased density of ChIs. (3) Despite the robust loss of CM/Pf neurons, no significant change was found in the density of thalamostriatal (vGluT2-positive) terminals, and in the prevalence of vGluT2-positive terminals in contact with ChIs in parkinsonian monkeys. These findings provide new information about the state of thalamic innervation of the striatum in parkinsonian monkeys with CM/Pf degeneration, and bring up an additional level of intricacy to the consequences of thalamic pathology upon the functional microcircuitry of the thalamostriatal system in parkinsonism. Future studies are needed to assess the importance of CM/Pf neuronal loss, and its potential consequences on the neuroplastic changes induced in the synaptic organization of the thalamostriatal system, in the development of early cognitive impairments in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Villalba
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 303, USA.
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Jean-Francois Pare
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 303, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Solah Lee
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 303, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sol Lee
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 303, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yoland Smith
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 303, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- UDALL Center for Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Vitalo AG, Ilieş I, Zupanc GKH. Calbindin-D 28k expression in spinal electromotoneurons of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus during adult development and regeneration. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2019; 205:595-608. [PMID: 31165281 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-019-01343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Additive neurogenesis, the net increase in neuronal numbers by addition of new nerve cells to existing tissue, forms the basis for indeterminate spinal cord growth in brown ghost knifefish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus). Among the cells generated through the activity of adult neural stem cells are electromotoneurons, whose axons constitute the electric organ of this weakly electric fish. Electromotoneuron development is organized along a caudo-rostral gradient, with the youngest and smallest of these cells located near the caudal end of the spinal cord. Electromotoneurons start expressing calbindin-D28k when their somata have reached diameters of approximately 10 μm, and they continue expression after they have grown to a final size of about 50 μm. Calbindin-D28k expression is significantly increased in young neurons generated in response to injury. Immunohistochemical staining against caspase-3 revealed that electromotoneurons in both intact and regenerating spinal cord are significantly less likely to undergo apoptosis than the average spinal cord cell. We hypothesize that expression of calbindin-D28k protects electromotoneurons from cell death; and that the evolutionary development of such a neuroprotective mechanism has been driven by the indispensability of electromotoneurons in the fish's electric behavior, and by the high size-dependent costs associated with their production or removal upon cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia G Vitalo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 134 Mugar Life Sciences, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Iulian Ilieş
- Healthcare Systems Engineering Institute, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Günther K H Zupanc
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, 134 Mugar Life Sciences, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Zupanc GK. Stem‐Cell‐Driven Growth and Regrowth of the Adult Spinal Cord in Teleost Fish. Dev Neurobiol 2019; 79:406-423. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Günther K.H. Zupanc
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts
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Iritani S, Torii Y, Habuchi C, Sekiguchi H, Fujishiro H, Yoshida M, Go Y, Iriki A, Isoda M, Ozaki N. The neuropathological investigation of the brain in a monkey model of autism spectrum disorder with ABCA13 deletion. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 71:130-139. [PMID: 30201574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise biological etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the neuropathology of a monkey model of autism Human ABCA13 is the largest ABC transporter protein, with a length of 5058 amino acids and a predicted molecular weight of >450 kDa. However, the function of this protein remains to be elucidated. This protein is thought to be associated with major psychiatric disease. Using this monkey model of autism with an ABCA13 deletion and a mutation of 5HT2c, we neuropathologically investigated the changes in the neuronal formation in the frontal cortex. As a result, the neuronal formation in the cortex was found to be disorganized with regard to the neuronal size and laminal distribution in the ABCA13 deletion monkey. The catecholaminergic and GABAergic neuronal systems, serotoninergic neuronal formation (5HT2c) were also found to be impaired by an immunohistochemical evaluation. This study suggested that ABCA13 deficit induces the impairment of neuronal maturation or migration, and the function of the neuronal network. This protein might thus play a role in the neurodevelopmental function of the central nervous system and the dysfunction of this protein may be a pathophysiological cause of mental disorders including autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Iritani
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Youta Torii
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chikako Habuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sekiguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Fujishiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Go
- Department of Brain Sciences, Center for Novel Science Initiatives, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan; Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Astushi Iriki
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Developmen RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaki Isoda
- Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan; Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan; Department of Physiology, Kansai Medical University School of Medicine, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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