1
|
Ketata I, Ellouz E. From pathological mechanisms in Krabbe disease to cutting-edge therapy: A comprehensive review. Neuropathology 2024; 44:255-277. [PMID: 38444347 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Since its initial documentation by Knud Krabbe in 1916, numerous studies have scrutinized the characteristics of Krabbe disease (KD) until the identification of the mutation in the GALC gene. In alignment with that, we investigated the natural history of KD spanning eight decades to gain a deeper understanding of the evolutionary trajectory of its mechanisms. Through our comprehensive analysis, we unearthed additional novel elements in molecular biology involving the micropathological mechanism of the disease. This review offers an updated perspective on the metabolic disorder that defines KD. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), autophagy impairment, and α-synuclein have emerged as pivotal players in the neuropathological processes. EVs might serve as a cellular mechanism to avoid or alleviate the detrimental impacts of excessive toxic psychosine levels, and extracting EVs could contribute to synapse dysfunction. Autophagy impairment was found to be independent of psychosine and reliant on AKT and B-cell lymphoma 2. Additionally, α-synuclein has been recognized for inducing cellular death and dysfunction in common biological pathways. Our objective is to assess the effectiveness of advanced therapies in addressing this particular condition. While hematopoietic stem cells have been a primary treatment, its administration proves challenging, particularly in the presymptomatic phase. In this review, we have compiled information from over 10 therapy trials, comparing them based on their benefits and disadvantage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imen Ketata
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
- Sfax University, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Emna Ellouz
- Neurology Department, University Hospital of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
- Sfax University, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Borie-Guichot M, Lan Tran M, Garcia V, Oukhrib A, Rodriguez F, Turrin CO, Levade T, Génisson Y, Ballereau S, Dehoux C. Multivalent pyrrolidines acting as pharmacological chaperones against Gaucher disease. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107295. [PMID: 38513326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
A concise asymmetric synthesis of clickable enantiomeric pyrrolidines was achieved using Crabbé-Ma allenation. The synthesized iminosugars were grafted by copper-free strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition onto phosphorus dendrimers. The hexavalent and dodecavalent pyrrolidines were evaluated as β-glucocerebrosidase inhibitors. The level of inhibition suggests that monofluorocyclooctatriazole group may contribute to the affinity for the protein leading to potent multivalent inhibitors. Docking studies were carried out to rationalize these results. Then, the iminosugars clusters were evaluated as pharmacological chaperones in Gaucher patients' fibroblasts. An increase in β-glucocerebrosidase activity was observed with hexavalent and dodecavalent pyrrolidines at concentrations as low as 1 µM and 0.1 µM, respectively. These iminosugar clusters constitute the first example of multivalent pyrrolidines acting as pharmacological chaperones against Gaucher disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Borie-Guichot
- Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III CNRS SPCMIB, UMR5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - My Lan Tran
- Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III CNRS SPCMIB, UMR5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Garcia
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Paul Sabatier, France
| | | | - Frédéric Rodriguez
- Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III CNRS SPCMIB, UMR5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric-Olivier Turrin
- IMD-Pharma, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099 31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France; LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS 31013 Toulouse CEDEX 6, France
| | - Thierry Levade
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Paul Sabatier, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, F-31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Génisson
- Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III CNRS SPCMIB, UMR5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Ballereau
- Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III CNRS SPCMIB, UMR5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Dehoux
- Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III CNRS SPCMIB, UMR5068, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
In silico modelling of the function of disease-related CAZymes. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:355-372. [PMID: 36912236 PMCID: PMC10154626 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
In silico modelling of proteins comprises a diversity of computational tools aimed to obtain structural, electronic, and/or dynamic information about these biomolecules, capturing mechanistic details that are challenging to experimental approaches, such as elusive enzyme-substrate complexes, short-lived intermediates, and reaction transition states (TS). The present article gives the reader insight on the use of in silico modelling techniques to understand complex catalytic reaction mechanisms of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), along with the underlying theory and concepts that are important in this field. We start by introducing the significance of carbohydrates in nature and the enzymes that process them, CAZymes, highlighting the conformational flexibility of their carbohydrate substrates. Three commonly used in silico methods (classical molecular dynamics (MD), hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM), and enhanced sampling techniques) are described for nonexpert readers. Finally, we provide three examples of the application of these methods to unravel the catalytic mechanisms of three disease-related CAZymes: β-galactocerebrosidase (GALC), responsible for Krabbe disease; α-mannoside β-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (MGAT5), involved in cancer; and O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1), involved in several human diseases such as leukemia and the Dowling-Degos disease.
Collapse
|
4
|
Viuff A, Salamone S, McLoughlin J, Deane JE, Jensen HH. The Bicyclic Form of galacto-Noeurostegine Is a Potent Inhibitor of β-Galactocerebrosidase. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:56-59. [PMID: 33488964 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Competitive inhibitors of galactocerebrosidase (GALC) could be candidates for pharmacological chaperone therapy of patients with Krabbe disease. The known and selective nortropane-type iminosugar galacto-noeurostegine has been found to competitively inhibit GALC with K i = 7 μM at pH 4.6, which is 330-fold more potent than the analogous deoxynoeurostegine. It was shown through X-ray protein crystallography that galacto-noeurostegine binds to the active site of GALC in its bicyclic form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnete Viuff
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stéphane Salamone
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Joseph McLoughlin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, U.K
| | - Janet E. Deane
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, U.K
| | - Henrik H. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nin-Hill A, Rovira C. The Catalytic Reaction Mechanism of the β-Galactocerebrosidase Enzyme Deficient in Krabbe Disease. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Nin-Hill
- Departament de Quı́mica Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Quı́mica Orgànica) & Institut de Quı́mia Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Rovira
- Departament de Quı́mica Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Quı́mica Orgànica) & Institut de Quı́mia Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08020 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tran ML, Génisson Y, Ballereau S, Dehoux C. Second-Generation Pharmacological Chaperones: Beyond Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143145. [PMID: 32660097 PMCID: PMC7397201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding induced by missense mutations is the source of hundreds of conformational diseases. The cell quality control may eliminate nascent misfolded proteins, such as enzymes, and a pathological loss-of-function may result from their early degradation. Since the proof of concept in the 2000s, the bioinspired pharmacological chaperone therapy became a relevant low-molecular-weight compound strategy against conformational diseases. The first-generation pharmacological chaperones were competitive inhibitors of mutant enzymes. Counterintuitively, in binding to the active site, these inhibitors stabilize the proper folding of the mutated protein and partially rescue its cellular function. The main limitation of the first-generation pharmacological chaperones lies in the balance between enzyme activity enhancement and inhibition. Recent research efforts were directed towards the development of promising second-generation pharmacological chaperones. These non-inhibitory ligands, targeting previously unknown binding pockets, limit the risk of adverse enzymatic inhibition. Their pharmacophore identification is however challenging and likely requires a massive screening-based approach. This review focuses on second-generation chaperones designed to restore the cellular activity of misfolded enzymes. It intends to highlight, for a selected set of rare inherited metabolic disorders, the strategies implemented to identify and develop these pharmacologically relevant small organic molecules as potential drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cécile Dehoux
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (C.D.); Tel.: +33-5-6155-6127 (C.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
D TK, Jain N, Kumar S U, Jena PP, Ramamoorthy S, Priya Doss C G, Zayed H. Molecular dynamics simulations to decipher the structural and functional consequences of pathogenic missense mutations in the galactosylceramidase (GALC) protein causing Krabbe’s disease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:1795-1810. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1742790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thirumal Kumar D
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nikita Jain
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Udhaya Kumar S
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prangya Paramita Jena
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - George Priya Doss C
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Landi C, Luddi A, Bianchi L, Pannuzzo G, Pavone V, Piomboni P, Bini L. Proteostasis network alteration in lysosomal storage disorders: Insights from the mouse model of Krabbe disease. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:718-733. [PMID: 31797419 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In Krabbe disease, a mutation in GALC gene causes widespread demyelination determining cell death by apoptosis, mainly in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. Less is known on the molecular mechanisms induced by this deficiency. Here, we report an impairment in protein synthesis and degradation and in proteasomal clearance with a potential accumulation of the misfolded proteins and induction of the endoplasmic reticulum stress in the brain of 6-day-old twitcher mice (TM) (model of Krabbe disease). In particular, an imbalance of the immunoproteasome function was highlighted, useful for shaping adaptive immune response by neurological cells. Moreover, our data show an involvement of cytoskeleton remodeling in Krabbe pathogenesis, with a lamin meshwork disaggregation in twitcher oligodendrocytes in 6-day-old TM. This study provides interesting protein targets and mechanistic insight on the early onset of Krabbe disease that may be promising options to be tested in combination with currently available therapies to rescue Krabbe phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Landi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alice Luddi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pannuzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Pavone
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Piomboni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Bini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Scott-Hewitt NJ, Folts CJ, Noble MD. Heterozygous carriers of galactocerebrosidase mutations that cause Krabbe disease have impaired microglial function and defective repair of myelin damage. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:393-401. [PMID: 29623914 PMCID: PMC5900492 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.228712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses two puzzling findings related to mutations in galactocerebrosidase (GALC) that cause Krabbe disease (KD), a severe lysosomal storage disorder characterized by extensive myelin damage in children with mutations in both GALC alleles. First, heterozygous carriers of KD-causing mutations, which include the biological parents of children with KD, exhibit increased risk for developing other diseases. Second, variants in the GALC locus increase the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS), another disease characterized by extensive myelin damage. What explains these correlations? In studies on cuprizone-induced myelin damage in heterozygous (GALC+/–) mice carrying one copy of a mutation that causes KD-like disease, the extent of damage was similar in GALC+/– and wild-type (WT) mice. In contrast, GALC+/- mice had striking defects in repair of cuprizone-induced damage. We further found unexpected microglial defects in myelin debris clearance and in the ability to up-regulate the Trem2 microglial protein critical for debris uptake. These defects were rescued by exposure to a lysosomal re-acidifying drug discovered in our studies on KD, and which provides multiple clinically relevant benefits in the twitcher (GALC+/–) mouse model of KD. Thus, heterozygous GALC mutations cause effects on biological function that may help to understand the increased disease risk in heterozygous carriers of such mutations and to understand why GALC variations increase the risk of MS. Our findings indicate that while some genetic risk factors may contribute to complex diseases by increasing the risk of tissue damage, others may do so by compromising tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Scott-Hewitt
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Christopher J Folts
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mark D Noble
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
E-Learning for Rare Diseases: An Example Using Fabry Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102049. [PMID: 28946642 PMCID: PMC5666731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Rare diseases represent a challenge for physicians because patients are rarely seen, and they can manifest with symptoms similar to those of common diseases. In this work, genetic confirmation of diagnosis is derived from DNA sequencing. We present a tutorial for the molecular analysis of a rare disease using Fabry disease as an example. Methods: An exonic sequence derived from a hypothetical male patient was matched against human reference data using a genome browser. The missense mutation was identified by running BlastX, and information on the affected protein was retrieved from the database UniProt. The pathogenic nature of the mutation was assessed with PolyPhen-2. Disease-specific databases were used to assess whether the missense mutation led to a severe phenotype, and whether pharmacological therapy was an option. Results: An inexpensive bioinformatics approach is presented to get the reader acquainted with the diagnosis of Fabry disease. The reader is introduced to the field of pharmacological chaperones, a therapeutic approach that can be applied only to certain Fabry genotypes. Conclusion: The principle underlying the analysis of exome sequencing can be explained in simple terms using web applications and databases which facilitate diagnosis and therapeutic choices.
Collapse
|