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Sharallah OA, Poddar NK, Alwadan OA. Delineation of the role of G6PD in Alzheimer's disease and potential enhancement through microfluidic and nanoparticle approaches. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102394. [PMID: 38950868 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathologic entity characterized by the abnormal presence of tau and macromolecular Aβ deposition that leads to the degeneration or death of neurons. In addition to that, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) has a multifaceted role in the process of AD development, where it can be used as both a marker and a target. G6PD activity is dysregulated due to its contribution to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death. In this context, the current review presents a vivid depiction of recent findings on the relationship between AD progression and changes in the expression or activity of G6PD. The efficacy of the proposed G6PD-based therapeutics has been demonstrated in multiple studies using AD mouse models as representative animal model systems for cognitive decline and neurodegeneration associated with this disease. Innovative therapeutic insights are made for the boosting of G6PD activity via novel innovative nanotechnology and microfluidics tools in drug administration technology. Such approaches provide innovative methods of surpassing the blood-brain barrier, targeting step-by-step specific neural pathways, and overcoming biochemical disturbances that accompany AD. Using different nanoparticles loaded with G6DP to target specific organs, e.g., G6DP-loaded liposomes, enhances BBB penetration and brain distribution of G6DP. Many nanoparticles, which are used for different purposes, are briefly discussed in the paper. Such methods to mimic BBB on organs on-chip offer precise disease modeling and drug testing using microfluidic chips, requiring lower sample amounts and producing faster findings compared to conventional techniques. There are other contributions to microfluid in AD that are discussed briefly. However, there are some limitations accompanying microfluidics that need to be worked on to be used for AD. This study aims to bridge the gap in understanding AD with the synergistic use of promising technologies; microfluid and nanotechnology for future advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnya A Sharallah
- PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (EJUST), New Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India.
| | - Omnia A Alwadan
- PharmD Program, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (EJUST), New Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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Marques CF, Pinheiro PF, Justino GC. Optimized protocol for obtaining and characterizing primary neuron-enriched cultures from embryonic chicken brains. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101753. [PMID: 36209426 PMCID: PMC9558106 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here an optimized protocol to obtain primary neuron-enriched cultures from embryonic chicken brains with no need for an animal facility. The protocol details the steps to isolate a neuron-enriched cell fraction from chicken embryos, followed by characterization of the chicken neurons with mass spectrometry proteomics and cell staining. Because of the high homology between chicken and human amyloid precursor protein processing machinery, these chicken neurons can be used as an alternative to rodent models for studying Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia F. Marques
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal,Corresponding author
| | - Pedro F. Pinheiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal,Corresponding author
| | - Gonçalo C. Justino
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal,Corresponding author
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1,8-Cineole Ameliorates Advanced Glycation End Products-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathology In Vitro and In Vivo. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123913. [PMID: 35745036 PMCID: PMC9229467 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are stable products produced by the reaction of macromolecules such as proteins, lipids or nucleic acids with glucose or other reducing monosaccharides, which can be identified by immunohistochemistry in the senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Growing evidence suggests that AGEs are important risk factors for the development and progression of AD. 1,8-cineole (CIN) is a monoterpenoid compound which exists in many plant essential oils and has been proven to have neuroprotective activity, but its specific effect and molecular mechanisms are not clear. In this study, AGEs-induced neuronal injury and intracerebroventricular-AGE animals as the possible models for AD were employed to investigate the effects of CIN on AD pathology as well as the molecular mechanisms involved both in vivo and in vitro. Our study demonstrated that CIN could ameliorate tau phosphorylation by down-regulating the activity of GSK-3β and reducing Aβ production by inhibiting the activity of BACE-1 both in vivo and in vitro. It is suggested that CIN has certain therapeutic value in the treatment of AD.
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Collins AE, Saleh TM, Kalisch BE. Naturally Occurring Antioxidant Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020213. [PMID: 35204096 PMCID: PMC8868221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that the prevalence rate of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) will double by the year 2040. Although currently available treatments help with symptom management, they do not prevent, delay the progression of, or cure the disease. Interestingly, a shared characteristic of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases and disorders is oxidative stress. Despite profound evidence supporting the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and progression of AD, none of the currently available treatment options address oxidative stress. Recently, attention has been placed on the use of antioxidants to mitigate the effects of oxidative stress in the central nervous system. In preclinical studies utilizing cellular and animal models, natural antioxidants showed therapeutic promise when administered alone or in combination with other compounds. More recently, the concept of combination antioxidant therapy has been explored as a novel approach to preventing and treating neurodegenerative conditions that present with oxidative stress as a contributing factor. In this review, the relationship between oxidative stress and AD pathology and the neuroprotective role of natural antioxidants from natural sources are discussed. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of natural antioxidants as preventatives and/or treatment for AD is examined, with special attention paid to natural antioxidant combinations and conjugates that are currently being investigated in human clinical trials.
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Jang JP, Kwon MC, Nogawa T, Takahashi S, Osada H, Ahn JS, Ko SK, Jang JH. Thiolactomide: A New Homocysteine Thiolactone Derivative from Streptomyces sp. with Neuroprotective Activity. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1667-1671. [PMID: 34528916 PMCID: PMC9706031 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2108.08015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new homocysteine thiolactone derivative, thiolactomide (1), was isolated along with a known compound, N-acetyl homocysteine thiolactone (2), from a culture extract of soil-derived Streptomyces sp. RK88-1441. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by detailed NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses with literature study. In addition, biological evaluation studies revealed that compounds 1 and 2 both exert neuroprotective activity against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-mediated neurotoxicity by blocking the generation of hydrogen peroxide in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Pil Jang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cheol Kwon
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Toshihiko Nogawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shunji Takahashi
- Natural Products Biosynthesis Research Unit and RIKEN-KRIBB Joint Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Research Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jong Seog Ahn
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,
J.S. Ahn Phone: +82-43-240-6160 Fax: +82-43-240-6169 E-mail:
| | - Sung-Kyun Ko
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,
S.K. Ko Phone: +82-43-240-6146 Fax: +82-43-240-6169 E-mail:
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors J.H. Jang Phone: +82-43-240-6164 Fax: +82-43-240-6169 E-mail:
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Liu YY, Huang DL, Dong Y, Qin DP, Yan YM, Cheng YX. Neuroprotective Norsesquiterpenoids and Triterpenoids from Populus euphratica Resins. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234379. [PMID: 31801194 PMCID: PMC6930471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new octanorlanostane-type triterpenes, euphraticanoids A and B (1 and 2), two new trinorsesquiterpenoids, euphraticanoids C and D (3 and 4), and eight known triterpenoids (5, 6, 8–13) along with one steroid (7) were isolated from Populus euphratica resins. The structures of these new compounds, including their absolute configurations, were characterized by spectrocsopic, chemical, and computational methods. Biological evaluation revealed that compounds 4, 7–9, 12, and 13 display neuroprotective activities in H2O2-induced HT-22 cells with 4, 8, and 9 occurring in a concentration-dependent manner and 7, 12, and 13 reaching the maximum effects at 20 μM. Meanwhile, the neuroprotective properties of all isolates were accessed using glutamate-induced SH-SY5Y cells and disclosed that compounds 3, 4, 8, and 9 could dose-dependently protect neural cell injury in a concentration range of 10–40 μM. Finally, a brief structure–activity relationship was briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.-Y.L.); (D.-L.H.); (Y.D.); (D.-P.Q.); (Y.-M.Y.)
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Dan-Ling Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.-Y.L.); (D.-L.H.); (Y.D.); (D.-P.Q.); (Y.-M.Y.)
| | - Yun Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.-Y.L.); (D.-L.H.); (Y.D.); (D.-P.Q.); (Y.-M.Y.)
| | - Da-Peng Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.-Y.L.); (D.-L.H.); (Y.D.); (D.-P.Q.); (Y.-M.Y.)
| | - Yong-Ming Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.-Y.L.); (D.-L.H.); (Y.D.); (D.-P.Q.); (Y.-M.Y.)
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; (Y.-Y.L.); (D.-L.H.); (Y.D.); (D.-P.Q.); (Y.-M.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0755-26902073
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