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Doan CT, Tran TN, Pham TP, Tran TTT, Truong BP, Nguyen TT, Nguyen TM, Bui TQH, Nguyen AD, Wang SL. Production, Purification, and Characterization of a Cellulase from Paenibacillus elgii. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2037. [PMID: 39065354 PMCID: PMC11280930 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellulases are one of the most essential natural factors for cellulose degradation and, thus, have attracted significant interest for various applications. In this study, a cellulase from Paenibacillus elgii TKU051 was produced, purified, and characterized. The ideal fermentation conditions for cellulase productivity were 2% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the growth substrate, pH = 8, temperature of 31 °C, and 4 days of culturing. Accordingly, a 45 kDa cellulase (PeCel) was successfully purified in a single step using a High Q column with a recovery yield of 35% and purification of 42.2-fold. PeCel has an optimal activity at pH 6 and a temperature of 60 °C. The activity of cellulase was significantly inhibited by Cu2+ and enhanced by Mn2+. The PeCel-catalyzed products of the CMC hydrolysis were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, which revealed chitobiose and chitotriose as the major products. Finally, the clarity of apple juice was enhanced when treated with PeCel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Thang Doan
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.); (T.P.P.); (T.T.T.T.); (B.P.T.); (T.T.N.); (T.M.N.); (T.Q.H.B.)
| | - Thi Ngoc Tran
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.); (T.P.P.); (T.T.T.T.); (B.P.T.); (T.T.N.); (T.M.N.); (T.Q.H.B.)
| | - Thi Phuong Pham
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.); (T.P.P.); (T.T.T.T.); (B.P.T.); (T.T.N.); (T.M.N.); (T.Q.H.B.)
| | - Thi Thanh Thao Tran
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.); (T.P.P.); (T.T.T.T.); (B.P.T.); (T.T.N.); (T.M.N.); (T.Q.H.B.)
| | - Ba Phong Truong
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.); (T.P.P.); (T.T.T.T.); (B.P.T.); (T.T.N.); (T.M.N.); (T.Q.H.B.)
| | - Thi Tinh Nguyen
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.); (T.P.P.); (T.T.T.T.); (B.P.T.); (T.T.N.); (T.M.N.); (T.Q.H.B.)
| | - The Manh Nguyen
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.); (T.P.P.); (T.T.T.T.); (B.P.T.); (T.T.N.); (T.M.N.); (T.Q.H.B.)
| | - Thi Quynh Hoa Bui
- Faculty of Natural Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (C.T.D.); (T.N.T.); (T.P.P.); (T.T.T.T.); (B.P.T.); (T.T.N.); (T.M.N.); (T.Q.H.B.)
| | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
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Fathima AA, Sanitha M, Tripathi L, Muiruri S. Cassava (
Manihot esculenta
) dual use for food and bioenergy: A review. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Aliya Fathima
- Department of Bioinformatics Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai India
| | - Mary Sanitha
- Department of Bioinformatics Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai India
| | - Leena Tripathi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Nairobi Kenya
| | - Samwel Muiruri
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Nairobi Kenya
- Department of Plant Sciences Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya
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3
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Baltaci MO. Enhancement of cellulase production by co-culture of Streptomyces ambofaciens OZ2 and Cytobacillus oceanisediminis OZ5 isolated from rumen samples. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2022.2038581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ozkan Baltaci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Math RK, Bharatham N, Javaregowda PK, Yun HD. Role of Cel5H protein surface amino acids in binding with clay minerals and measurements of its forces. Appl Microsc 2021; 51:17. [PMID: 34762191 PMCID: PMC8586110 DOI: 10.1186/s42649-021-00066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study on the binding activity between Cel5H and clay minerals showed highest binding efficiency among other cellulase enzymes cloned. Here, based on previous studies, we hypothesized that the positive amino acids on the surface of Cel5H protein may play an important role in binding to clay surfaces. To examine this, protein sequences of Bacillus licheniformis Cel5H (BlCel5H) and Paenibacillus polymyxa Cel5A (PpCel5A) were analyzed and then selected amino acids were mutated. These mutated proteins were investigated for binding activity and force measurement via atomic force microscopy (AFM). A total of seven amino acids which are only present in BlCel5H but not in PpCel5A were selected for mutational studies and the positive residues which are present in both were omitted. Of the seven selected surface lysine residues, only three mutants K196A(M2), K54A(M3) and K157T(M4) showed 12%, 7% and 8% less clay mineral binding ability, respectively compared with wild-type. The probable reason why other mutants did not show altered binding efficiency might be due to relative location of amino acids on the protein surface. Meanwhile, measurement of adhesion forces on mica sheets showed a well-defined maximum at 69 ± 19 pN for wild-type, 58 ± 19 pN for M2, 53 ± 19 pN for M3, and 49 ± 19 pN for M4 proteins. Hence, our results demonstrated that relative location of surface amino acids of Cel5H protein especially positive charged amino acids are important in the process of clay mineral-protein binding interaction through electrostatic exchange of charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renukaradhya K Math
- SDM Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 5th Floor, Manjushree Building, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital Campus, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, Sattur, 580009, India. .,Division of Applied Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, 660701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nagakumar Bharatham
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560064, India
| | - Palaksha K Javaregowda
- SDM Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 5th Floor, Manjushree Building, SDM College of Medical Sciences & Hospital Campus, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, Sattur, 580009, India
| | - Han Dae Yun
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, 660701, Republic of Korea
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5
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Dogan G, Taskin B. Hydrolytic Enzymes Producing Bacterial Endophytes of Some Poaceae Plants. Pol J Microbiol 2021; 70:297-304. [PMID: 34584523 PMCID: PMC8456377 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria represent microorganisms that live during the whole life cycle within the tissues of healthy plants without causing any obvious signs of disease. In this study, the ability of 128 endophyte bacterial isolates from some cultivated and wild grain plants (Poaceae family) in Van, Turkey, were investigated in terms of producing several extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. It was demonstrated that lipases, proteases, amylases, cellulases, pectinases, and xylanases were produced by the bacteria with relative frequencies of 74.2%, 65.6%, 55.4%, 32%, 21.8%, and 7.8%, respectively. In addition, molecular identification of a certain number of isolates selected according to their enzyme-producing capabilities was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using a next-generation sequencing platform. As a result of the analysis, the isolates yielded certain strains belonging to Pseudomonas, Micrococcus, Paenibacillus, Streptococcus, Curtobacterium, Chryseobacterium, and Bacillus genera. Also, the strain G117Y1T was evaluated as a member of potential novel species based on 16S rRNA sequencing results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Dogan
- Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Van, Turkey
| | - Bilgin Taskin
- Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Van, Turkey
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Li K, Jiang C, Tan H, Li J, Xu Y, Tang D, Zhao X, Liu Q, Li J, Yin H. Identification and characterization of a novel glucomannanase from Paenibacillus polymyxa. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:129. [PMID: 33680694 PMCID: PMC7892656 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Konjac glucomannan oligosaccharide has attracted much attention due to its broad biological activities. Specific glucomannan degrading enzymes are effective tools for the production of oligosaccharides from konjac glucomannan. However, there are still few reports of commercial enzymes that can specifically degrade konjac glucomannan. The gene ppgluB encoding a glucomannanase consisting of 553 amino acids (61.5 kDa) from Paenibacillus polymyxa 3-3 was cloned and heterologous expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant PpGluB showed high specificity for the degradation of konjac glucomannan. Moreover, the hydrolytic products of PpGluB degrade konjac glucomannan were a series of oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerisation of 2-12. Furthermore, the biochemical properties indicated that PpGluB is the optimal active at 45 to 55 °C and pH 5.0-6.0, and shows highly pH stability over a very broad pH range. The present characteristics indicated that PpGluB is a potential tool to be used to produce oligosaccharides from konjac glucomannan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuikui Li
- Key Laboratory of Se-enriched Products Development and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Se-enriched Food Development, Ankang, 725000 Shaanxi China
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Chaofeng Jiang
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Haidong Tan
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Junyan Li
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Yali Xu
- Key Laboratory of Se-enriched Products Development and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Se-enriched Food Development, Ankang, 725000 Shaanxi China
| | - Dejian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Se-enriched Products Development and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Se-enriched Food Development, Ankang, 725000 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Se-enriched Products Development and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Se-enriched Food Development, Ankang, 725000 Shaanxi China
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Qishun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Se-enriched Products Development and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Se-enriched Food Development, Ankang, 725000 Shaanxi China
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Se-enriched Products Development and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Se-enriched Food Development, Ankang, 725000 Shaanxi China
- Ankang Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Ankang, 725000 Shaanxi China
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Dalian, 116023 China
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7
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Khan A, Khan H, Faheem M, Zeb A, Badshah M, Chung YR. Isolation and Characterization of an Acidic, Salt-Tolerant Endoglucanase Cel5A from a Bacterial Strain Martelella endophytica YC6887 Genome. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:305-315. [PMID: 33523417 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A Martelella endophytica (M. endophytica) strain YC6887 was previously isolated from the roots of a halophyte, Rosa rugosa, which was sequenced and characterized. The genomic and proteomic analysis showed a carbohydrate-degrading enzyme, endoglucanase Cel5A which was further characterized. The protein analysis revealed that this endoglucanase belongs to glycosidic hydrolase family 5 (GH5) with catalytic domain. This gene encodes 349-residue polypeptide and shows closest similarity with cellulases of other Martelella species. The protein was purified to homogeneity and shown that it was a 39 kDa protein. The purified recombinant Cel5A endoglucanase exhibited maximum activity at 50 °C and pH 4.5. The enzyme was salt tolerant and retained more than 50% residual activity up to 15% NaCl. The homology model structure of Cel5A displayed that it is stable and compact protein structure consisting of eleven α-helical structures and eight β-sheets. According to the predicted ligand binding site after superimposition with Pseudomonas stutzeri endoglucanase Cel5A (PDB ID: 4LX4), it consisted of five amino acid Asn157, Tyr116, Glu158, Glu270 and Trp303 that may be the expected active site of Cel5A from YC6887. This presented that our strain M. endophytica YC6887 that produces cellulase partially degrade the insoluble polysaccharides into reducing sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Khan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Centre, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biotechnology, Bacha Khan University, Charsada, KPK, Pakistan.
| | - Haji Khan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Centre, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.,Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, KPK, 19200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, The Mall, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Amir Zeb
- Division of Life Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Plus), Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Malik Badshah
- Sustainable Bioenergy and Biorefinery Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Young Ryun Chung
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Centre, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Cheawchanlertfa P, Sutheeworapong S, Jenjaroenpun P, Wongsurawat T, Nookaew I, Cheevadhanarak S, Kosugi A, Pason P, Waeonukul R, Ratanakhanokchai K, Tachaapaikoon C. Clostridium manihotivorum sp. nov., a novel mesophilic anaerobic bacterium that produces cassava pulp-degrading enzymes. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10343. [PMID: 33240652 PMCID: PMC7676355 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cassava pulp is a promising starch-based biomasses, which consists of residual starch granules entrapped in plant cell wall containing non-starch polysaccharides, cellulose and hemicellulose. Strain CT4T, a novel mesophilic anaerobic bacterium isolated from soil collected from a cassava pulp landfill, has a strong ability to degrade polysaccharides in cassava pulp. This study explored a rarely described species within the genus Clostridium that possessed a group of cassava pulp-degrading enzymes. METHODS A novel mesophilic anaerobic bacterium, the strain CT4T, was identified based on phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis. The complete genome of the strain CT4T was obtained following whole-genome sequencing, assembly and annotation using both Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) platforms. RESULTS Analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CT4T is a species of genus Clostridium. Analysis of the whole-genome average amino acid identity (AAI) of strain CT4T and the other 665 closely related species of the genus Clostridium revealed a separated strain CT4T from the others. The results revealed that the genome consisted of a 6.3 Mb circular chromosome with 5,664 protein-coding sequences. Genome analysis result of strain CT4T revealed that it contained a set of genes encoding amylolytic-, hemicellulolytic-, cellulolytic- and pectinolytic enzymes. A comparative genomic analysis of strain CT4T with closely related species with available genomic information, C. amylolyticum SW408T, showed that strain CT4T contained more genes encoding cassava pulp-degrading enzymes, which comprised a complex mixture of amylolytic-, hemicellulolytic-, cellulolytic- and pectinolytic enzymes. This work presents the potential for saccharification of strain CT4T in the utilization of cassava pulp. Based on phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, we propose a novel species for which the name Clostridium manihotivorum sp. nov. is suggested, with the type strain CT4T (= TBRC 11758T = NBRC 114534T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattsarun Cheawchanlertfa
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sawannee Sutheeworapong
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piroon Jenjaroenpun
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Thidathip Wongsurawat
- Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Supapon Cheevadhanarak
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Akihiko Kosugi
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Patthra Pason
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rattiya Waeonukul
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chakrit Tachaapaikoon
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
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9
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Math RK, Kambiranda D, Yun HD, Ghebreiyessus Y. Binding of cloned Cel enzymes on clay minerals related to the pI of the enzymes and database survey of cellulases of soil bacteria for pI. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 84:238-246. [PMID: 31625450 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1679613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Cel genes from Bacillus licheniformis MSB03 were cloned and expressed to investigate binding ability on clay minerals and sea sand at pH ranging 3 to 9. FTIR analysis has been done to characterize bound enzymes on clay minerals. Subsequent, surveying of NCBI database for extracellular enzymes of soil bacteria was carried out. Among the five cloned Cel enzymes assayed for binding to clay minerals, only Cel5H enzyme had the binding ability. Enzyme Cel5H exhibited highest binding to montmorillonite followed by kaolinite and sea sand. Interestingly, Cel5H had higher pI value of 9.24 than other proteins (5.2-5.7). Cel5H binding to montmorillonite was shown to be negatively affected below pH 3 and above pH 9. Infrared absorption spectra of the Cel5H-montmorillonite complexes showed distinct peaks for clay minerals and bound proteins. Furthermore, database survey of soil bacterial extracellular enzymes revealed that Bacillus species enzymes had higher pI than other soil bacterial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renukaradhya K Math
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Devaiah Kambiranda
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Southern University Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Han Dae Yun
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yemane Ghebreiyessus
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Southern University Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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10
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Shen M, Chen Z, Mao X, Wang L, Liang J, Huo Q, Yin X, Qiu J, Sun D. Two different restriction-modification systems for degrading exogenous DNA in Paenibacillus polymyxa. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:927-932. [PMID: 30224061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Accompanied by benefits from horizontally transferred genes, bacteria have to face the risk of the invasion of dangerous genes. Bacteria often use the restriction-modification (R-M) system, which is consisted of methyl transferase (MEase) and restrictase (REase), to protect self-DNA and defend against foreign DNA. Paenibacillus polymyxa, widely used as growth promoting rhizobacteria in agriculture, can also produce compounds of medical and industrial interests. It is unclear whether R-M systems exist in P. polymyxa. In this study, we used a shuttle plasmid with epigenetic modification from different bacteria to explore R-M systems in P. polymyxa. We found that DNA which is methylated by DNA adenine methyltransferase (Dam) in E. coli was strongly restricted, indicating the presence of a Dam-methylation-dependent R-M system in P. polymyxa. Whereas, DNA from a dam-E. coli strain was also moderately restricted, indicating the presence of a Dam-methylation-independent R-M system. Degradation of plasmid DNA with Dam methylation by cell-free protein extract of P. polymyxa provides additional evidence for the presence of Dam-methylation-dependent R-M system. Taken together, our work showed that there are two different types of R-M system in P. polymyxa, providing a foundation for the study of innate immunity in P. polymyxa and for the development of genetic engineering tools in P. polymyxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjia Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Ziyan Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xudan Mao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Jingyi Liang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Qingyuan Huo
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Juanping Qiu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Dongchang Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
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11
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The unique GH5 cellulase member in the extreme halotolerant fungus Aspergillus glaucus CCHA is an endoglucanase with multiple tolerance to salt, alkali and heat: prospects for straw degradation applications. Extremophiles 2018; 22:675-685. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-018-1028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Isolation and characterization of a novel glycosyl hydrolase family 74 (GH74) cellulase from the black goat rumen metagenomic library. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2016; 62:175-181. [PMID: 27866354 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-016-0486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate and characterize a novel cellulolytic enzyme from black goat rumen by using a culture-independent approach. A metagenomic fosmid library was constructed from black goat rumen contents and screened for a novel cellulase. The KG37 gene encoding a protein of 858 amino acid residues (92.7 kDa) was isolated. The deduced protein contained a glycosyl hydrolase family 74 (GH74) domain and showed 77% sequence identity to two endo-1,4-β-glucanases from Fibrobacter succinogenes. The novel GH74 cellulase gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and its protein product was functionally characterized. The recombinant GH74 cellulase showed a broad substrate spectrum. The enzyme exhibited its optimum activity at pH 5.0 and temperature range of 20-50 °C. The enzyme was thermally stable at pH 5.0 and at a temperature of 20-40 °C. The novel GH74 cellulase can be practically exploited to convert lignocellulosic biomass to value-added products in various industrial applications in future.
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13
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Kanchanadumkerng P, Sakka M, Sakka K, Wiwat C. Characterization of endoglucanase fromPaenibacillussp. M33, a novel isolate from a freshwater swamp forest. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 57:121-131. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Makiko Sakka
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory; Graduate School of Bioresources; Mie University; Mie Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakka
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory; Graduate School of Bioresources; Mie University; Mie Japan
| | - Chanpen Wiwat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology; Mahidol University; Bangkok Thailand
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Leo VV, Passari AK, Joshi JB, Mishra VK, Uthandi S, Ramesh N, Gupta VK, Saikia R, Sonawane VC, Singh BP. A Novel Triculture System (CC3) for Simultaneous Enzyme Production and Hydrolysis of Common Grasses through Submerged Fermentation. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:447. [PMID: 27065995 PMCID: PMC4815437 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The perennial grasses are considered as a rich source of lignocellulosic biomass, making it a second generation alternative energy source and can diminish the use of fossil fuels. In this work, four perennial grasses Saccharum arundinaceum, Panicum antidotale, Thysanolaena latifolia, and Neyraudia reynaudiana were selected to verify their potential as a substrate to produce hydrolytic enzymes and to evaluate them as second generation energy biomass. Here, cellulase and hemi-cellulase producing three endophytic bacteria (Burkholderia cepacia BPS-GB3, Alcaligenes faecalis BPS-GB5 and Enterobacter hormaechei BPS-GB8) recovered from N. reynaudiana and S. arundinaceum were selected to develop a triculture (CC3) consortium. During 12 days of submerged cultivation, a 55–70% loss in dry weight was observed and the maximum activity of β-glucosidase (5.36–12.34 IU) and Xylanase (4.33 to 10.91 IU) were observed on 2nd and 6th day respectively, whereas FPase (0.26 to 0.53 IU) and CMCase (2.31 to 4.65 IU) showed maximum activity on 4th day. Around 15–30% more enzyme activity was produced in CC3 as compared to monoculture (CC1) and coculture (CC2) treatments, suggested synergetic interaction among the selected three bacterial strains. Further, the biomass was assessed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FTIR analysis provides important insights into the reduction of cellulose and hemicellulose moieties in CC3 treated biomass and SEM studies shed light into the disruption of surface structure leading to access of cellulose or hemicelluloses microtubules. The hydrolytic potential of the CC3 system was further enhanced due to reduction in lignin as evidenced by 1–4% lignin reduction in biomass compositional analysis. Additionally, laccase gene was detected from A. faecalis and E. hormaechei which further shows the laccase production potential of the isolates. To our knowledge, first time we develop an effective endophytic endogenous bacterial triculture system having potential for the production of extracellular enzymes utilizing S. arundinaceum and N. reynaudiana as lignocellulosic feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent V Leo
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram UniversityAizawl, India; Department of Biotechnology, J.J College for Arts and SciencePudukkottai, India
| | - Ajit K Passari
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University Aizawl, India
| | - J Beslin Joshi
- Biocatalysts Lab, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore, India
| | - Vineet K Mishra
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University Aizawl, India
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Biocatalysts Lab, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore, India
| | - N Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, J.J College for Arts and Science Pudukkottai, India
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Molecular Glyco-biotechnology Group, Department of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway Galway, Ireland
| | - Ratul Saikia
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Vijay C Sonawane
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre (BERPDC), Institute of Microbial Technology Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhim P Singh
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University Aizawl, India
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Dhar H, Kasana RC, Dutt S, Gulati A. Cloning and expression of low temperature active endoglucanase EG5C from Paenibacillus sp. IHB B 3084. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:259-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Dhar H, Kasana RC, Gulati A. Heterologous expression and characterization of detergent stable endoglucanase EG5B from Paenibacillus sp. IHB B 3084. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Isolation, screening, and identification of cellulolytic bacteria from natural reserves in the subtropical region of China and optimization of cellulase production by Paenibacillus terrae ME27-1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:512497. [PMID: 25050355 PMCID: PMC4090499 DOI: 10.1155/2014/512497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
From different natural reserves in the subtropical region of China, a total of 245 aerobic bacterial strains were isolated on agar plates containing sugarcane bagasse pulp as the sole carbon source. Of the 245 strains, 22 showed hydrolyzing zones on agar plates containing carboxymethyl cellulose after Congo-red staining. Molecular identification showed that the 22 strains belonged to 10 different genera, with the Burkholderia genus exhibiting the highest strain diversity and accounting for 36.36% of all the 22 strains. Three isolates among the 22 strains showed higher carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity, and isolate ME27-1 exhibited the highest CMCase activity in liquid culture. The strain ME27-1 was identified as Paenibacillus terrae on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as well as physiological and biochemical properties. The optimum pH and temperature for CMCase activity produced by the strain ME27-1 were 5.5 and 50°C, respectively, and the enzyme was stable at a wide pH range of 5.0–9.5. A 12-fold improvement in the CMCase activity (2.08 U/mL) of ME27-1 was obtained under optimal conditions for CMCase production. Thus, this study provided further information about the diversity of cellulose-degrading bacteria in the subtropical region of China and found P. terrae ME27-1 to be highly cellulolytic.
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Asha BM, Sakthivel N. Production, purification and characterization of a new cellulase from Bacillus subtilis that exhibit halophilic, alkalophilic and solvent-tolerant properties. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Kang YM, Kim MG, Yun HD, Cho KM. Construction and expression of a novel Paenibacillus polymyxa GS01 bifunctional xyn43A-lin16A gene through overlap extension PCR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-013-3050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Liu G, Qin Y, Hu Y, Gao M, Peng S, Qu Y. An endo-1,4-β-glucanase PdCel5C from cellulolytic fungus Penicillium decumbens with distinctive domain composition and hydrolysis product profile. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 52:190-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Kim MK, Kang TH, Kim J, Kim H, Yun HD. Evidence Showing Duplication and Recombination of cel Genes in Tandem from Hyperthermophilic Thermotoga sp. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:1834-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Kang YM, Kang TH, Yun HD, Cho KM. Enhancing the Enzymatic Activity of the Multifunctional β-Glycosyl Hydrolase (Cel44C-Man26AP558) from Paenibacillus polymyxa GS01 Using DNA Shuffling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.7845/kjm.2012.48.2.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Park IH, Chang J, Lee YS, Fang SJ, Choi YL. Gene Cloning of Endoglucanase Cel5A from Cellulose-Degrading Paenibacillus xylanilyticus KJ-03 and Purification and Characterization of the Recombinant Enzyme. Protein J 2012; 31:238-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-012-9396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Zhou J, Bao L, Chang L, Liu Z, You C, Lu H. Beta-xylosidase activity of a GH3 glucosidase/xylosidase from yak rumen metagenome promotes the enzymatic degradation of hemicellulosic xylans. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 54:79-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Zhang G, Li S, Xue Y, Mao L, Ma Y. Effects of salts on activity of halophilic cellulase with glucomannanase activity isolated from alkaliphilic and halophilic Bacillus sp. BG-CS10. Extremophiles 2011; 16:35-43. [PMID: 22012583 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-011-0403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Alkaliphilic and halophilic Bacillus sp. BG-CS10 was isolated from Zabuye Salt Lake, Tibet. The gene celB, encoding a halophilic cellulase was identified from the genomic library of BG-CS10. CelB belongs to the cellulase superfamily and DUF291 superfamily, with an unknown function domain and less than 58% identity to other cellulases in GenBank. The purified recombinant protein (molecular weight: 62 kDa) can hydrolyze soluble cellulose substrates containing beta-1,4-linkages, such as carboxylmethyl cellulose and konjac glucomannan, but has no exoglucanase and β-glucosidase activities. Thus, CelB is a cellulase with an endo mode of action and glucomannanase activity. Interestingly, the enzyme activity was increased approximately tenfold with 2.5 M NaCl or 3 M KCl. Furthermore, the optimal temperatures were 55°C with 2.5 M NaCl and 35°C without NaCl, respectively. This indicates that NaCl can improve enzyme thermostability. The K ( m ) and k (cat) values of CelB for CMC with 2.5 M NaCl were 3.18 mg mL(-1) and 26 s(-1), while the K ( m ) and k (cat) values of CelB without NaCl were 6.6 mg mL(-1) and 2.1 s(-1). Thus, this thermo-stable, salt and pH-tolerant cellulase is a promising candidate for industrial applications, and provides a new model to study salt effects on the structure of protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Synthesis and characterization of chimeric proteins based on cellulase and xylanase from an insect gut bacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:4859-66. [PMID: 21642416 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02808-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects living on wood and plants harbor a large variety of bacterial flora in their guts for degrading biomass. We isolated a Paenibacillus strain, designated ICGEB2008, from the gut of a cotton bollworm on the basis of its ability to secrete a variety of plant-hydrolyzing enzymes. In this study, we cloned, expressed, and characterized two enzymes, β-1,4-endoglucanase (Endo5A) and β-1,4-endoxylanase (Xyl11D), from the ICGEB2008 strain and synthesized recombinant bifunctional enzymes based on Endo5A and Xyl11D. The gene encoding Endo5A was obtained from the genome of the ICGEB2008 strain by shotgun cloning. The gene encoding Xyl11D was obtained using primers for conserved xylanase sequences, which were identified by aligning xylanase sequences in other species of Paenibacillus. Endo5A and Xyl11D were overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and their optimal activities were characterized. Both Endo5A and Xyl11D exhibited maximum specific activity at 50°C and pH 6 to 7. To take advantage of this feature, we constructed four bifunctional chimeric models of Endo5A and Xyl11D by fusing the encoding genes either end to end or through a glycine-serine (GS) linker. We predicted three-dimensional structures of the four models using the I-TASSER server and analyzed their secondary structures using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The chimeric model Endo5A-GS-Xyl11D, in which a linker separated the two enzymes, yielded the highest C-score on the I-TASSER server, exhibited secondary structure properties closest to the native enzymes, and demonstrated 1.6-fold and 2.3-fold higher enzyme activity than Endo5A and Xyl11D, respectively. This bifunctional enzyme could be effective for hydrolyzing plant biomass owing to its broad substrate range.
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Asraful Islam SM, Math RK, Kim JM, Yun MG, Cho JJ, Kim EJ, Lee YH, Yun HD. Effect of plant age on endophytic bacterial diversity of balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) root and their antimicrobial activities. Curr Microbiol 2010; 61:346-56. [PMID: 20221603 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-010-9618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum) is widely cultivated vegetable and used as a remedy for asthma in East Asia. Experiments were conducted to isolate endophytic bacteria from 1-, 3-, and 6-year-old balloon flower roots and to analyze the enzymatic, antifungal, and anti-human pathogenic activities of the potential endophytic biocontrol agents obtained. Total 120 bacterial colonies were isolated from the interior of all balloon flower roots samples. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the population of 'low G + C gram-positive bacteria' (LGCGPB) gradually increased 60.0-80.0% from 1 to 6 years balloon flower sample. On the other hand, maximum hydrolytic enzyme activity showing endophytic bacteria was under LGCGPB, among the bacterial strains, Bacillus sp. (BF1-1 and BF3-8), Bacillus sp. (BF1-2 and BF3-5), and Bacillus sp. (BF1-3, BF3-6, and BF6-4) showed maximum enzyme activities. Besides, Bacillus licheniformis (BF3-5 and BF6-6) and Bacillus pumilus (BF6-1) showed maximum antifungal activity against Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Pythium ultimum. Moreover, Bacillus licheniformis was found in 3 and 6 years balloon flower roots, but Bacillus pumilus was found only in 6 years sample. It is presumed that older balloon flower plants invite more potential antifungal endophytes for there protection from plant diseases. In addition, Bacillus sp. (BF1-2 and BF3-5) showed maximum anti-human pathogenic activity. So, plant age is presumed to influence diversity of balloon flower endophytic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Md Asraful Islam
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Cloning and heterologous expression of a novel endoglucanase gene egVIII from Trichoderma viride in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 162:103-15. [PMID: 19590984 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Endoglucanase is a major cellulolytic enzyme produced by the fungus Trichoderma viride. The 1,317 bp cDNA of endoglucanase gene egVIII was cloned from T. viride AS3.3711, encoding a 438 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 46.86 kDa and isoelectric point of 4.32. Sequence analysis suggested that EGVIII belonged to the glycosyl hydrolase family 5. The N-terminal region of EGVIII contains a signal peptide sequence of 19 amino acid residues, indicating that it is an extracellular enzyme. Transcription of the egVIII gene in T. viride AS3.3711 can be induced by carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na), sucrose, microcrystalline cellulose, and corn stalk, and inhibited by glucose and fructose. The alpha-mating factor signal can effectively enhance the secretion of the recombinant EGVIII in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as demonstrated by the enzymatic activity of recombinant yeast IpYEMalpha-xegVIII in the supernatant, which was 0.86 times higher than that of the IpYES2-egVIII. Recombinant endoglucanase EGVIII showed optimal activity at a temperature of 60 degrees C and pH of 6.0. It was stable when incubated from 35 degrees C to 70 degrees C for 1 h. The enzymatic activity of recombinant EGVIII was stable at a pH 3.0 to 7.5 at 50 degrees C and reached the highest level at 0.174U when activated by 75 mM of Zn(2+). The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and Kcat values for CMC-Na and cellotriose hydrolysis were 3.82 mg/ml, 9.56 s(-1) and 1.75 mg/ml, 7.08 s(-1), respectively. Transgenic yeast strain IpYEMalpha-xegVIII might be useful for renewable fuels industries.
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