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Roy P, Gahlawat VK, Saravanan C, Singh BP. Enhancing bioflavor production by solid-state fermentation using Kluyveromyces marxianus and l-phenylalanine. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:75-91. [PMID: 36336635 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study includes the utilization of sweet lemon peel (SLP) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) in solid-state fermentation using Kluyveromyces marxianus for bioflavor compounds production adopting response surface methodology. The major flavor compounds, 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) and 2-phenylethyl acetate (2-PEA) were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with and without adding any supplements. Quantification of flavor compounds indicated that without adding any accessory in the substrate, the concentration of 2-PE using SLP and SB was 0.15 ± 0.003 mg/g and 0.14 ± 0.002 mg/g, respectively. Whereas 2-PEA concentration using SLP and SB was observed as 0.01 ± 0.008 mg/g and 0.02 ± 0.001 mg/g, respectively. The addition of l-phenylalanine (l-phe) in the substrates showed 30%-75% enhancement in the production of 2-PE and 2-PEA. The present study indicates that the K. marxianus is a potential microbial cell factory for the production of 2-PE and 2-PEA with the addition of synthetic l-phe having a plethora of applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Roy
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Vijay K Gahlawat
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Chakkaravarthi Saravanan
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - Bhim P Singh
- Department of Agriculture and Environment Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana, India
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Rajesh R, Gummadi SN. α-Amylase and cellulase production by novel halotolerant Bacillus sp.PM06 isolated from sugarcane pressmud. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 69:149-159. [PMID: 33369761 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel Bacillus sp.PM06 isolated from sugarcane waste pressmud was tested for extracellular α-amylase and cellulase enzyme production. The effect of different substrates, nitrogen sources, pH, and temperature on growth and extracellular enzyme production was examined. Bacillus sp.PM06 was able to grow with starch and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a sole source of carbon and ammonium chloride was found to be the best nitrogen source. Maximum enzyme production was obtained at 48 H for both α-amylase and cellulase. The optimal condition for measuring enzyme activity was found to be pH 5.5 at 50 °C for α-amylase and pH 6.4 at 60 °C for cellulase respectively. It was found that Bacillus sp.PM06 exhibited halotolerance up to 2 M Sodium chloride (NaCl) and Potassium chloride (KCl). The isolate could produce α-amylase in the presence of 2 M NaCl and 1 M KCl. However, the strain produced cellulase even in the presence of 2 M NaCl and KCl. Concomitant production of both enzymes was observed when the medium was supplemented with starch and CMC. A maximum of 31 ± 1.15 U/mL of amylase and 15 ± 1.5 U/mL of cellulase was produced in 48 H. The enzyme was partially purified by Ammonium sulphate (NH4 )2 SO4 precipitation with 2.2 and 2.3-fold purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Rajesh
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sathyanarayana N Gummadi
- Applied and Industrial Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Mukhtar H, Khursheed S, Ikram-ul-Haq, Mumtaz MW, Rashid U, Al-Resayes SI. Optimization of Lipase Biosynthesis fromRhizopus oryzaefor Biodiesel Production Using Multiple Oils. Chem Eng Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201500584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Li P, Sun H, Chen Z, Li Y, Zhu T. Construction of efficient xylose utilizing Pichia pastoris for industrial enzyme production. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:22. [PMID: 25889970 PMCID: PMC4342868 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cellulosic biomass especially agricultural/wood residues can be utilized as feedstock to cost-effectively produce fuels, chemicals and bulk industrial enzymes, which demands xylose utilization from microbial cell factories. While previous works have made significant progress in improving microbial conversion of xylose into fuels and chemicals, no study has reported the engineering of efficient xylose utilizing protein expression systems for the purpose of producing industrial enzymes. Results In this work, using Pichia pastoris as an example, we demonstrated the successful engineering of xylose metabolizing ability into of protein expression systems. A heterologous XI (xylose isomerase) pathway was introduced into P. pastoris GS115 by overexpressing the Orpinomyces spp. XI or/and the endogenous XK (xylulokinase) gene, and evolutionary engineering strategies were also applied. Results showed that the XI pathway could be functionally expressed in P. pastoris. After 50 generation of sequential batch cultivation, a set of domesticated recombinant P. pastoris strains with different performance metrics on xylose were obtained. One evolved strain showed the highest xylose assimilation ability, whose cell yield on xylose can even be comparable to that on glucose or glycerol. This strain also showed significantly increased β-mannanase production when cultured on xylose medium. Furthermore, transcription analysis of xylose pathway genes suggested that overexpression of XI and XK might be the key factors affecting effective xylose assimilation. Conclusions To our best knowledge, this study is the first work demonstrating the construction of efficient xylose utilizing P. pastoris strains, thus providing a basis for using cellulosic biomass for bulk industrial enzyme production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Hongbing Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Zao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Yin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Taicheng Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Reddy SS, Krishnan C. Production of xylooligosaccharides in SSF byBacillus subtilisKCX006 producingβ-xylosidase-free endo-xylanase and multiple xylan debranching enzymes. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 46:49-55. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.970694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kalpana BJ, Pandian SK. Halotolerant, acid-alkali stable, chelator resistant and raw starch digesting α-amylase from a marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis S8-18. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54:802-11. [PMID: 23712833 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A halotolerant α-amylase having the ability of digesting the insoluble raw starches was characterized from Bacillus subtilis S8-18, a marine sediment isolate from Palk Bay region. The electrophoresis techniques unveiled that the α-amylase was indeed a monomer with a molecular weight of 57 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH for the enzyme activity were 60 °C and 6.0 respectively. The enzyme was highly stable for 24 h over a wide range of pH from 4.0 to 12.0 by showing 84-94% activity. Interestingly, by retaining 72% activity even after 24 h, the enzyme also showed tolerance towards 28% NaCl. The α-amylase retained a minimum of 93% residual activity in 1 mM concentration for the selected divalent metal ions. The enzyme was found to be chelator resistant as it remained unaffected by 1 mM of EDTA and exhibited 96% activity even at 5 mM concentration. Furthermore, though 1% SDS caused remarkable reduction (68%) in amylase activity, the enzyme showed tolerance towards other detergents (1% of Triton-X and Tween 80) with 85% activity. Additionally, the α-amylase enzyme is capable of hydrolyzing the insoluble raw starch substrates which was evident from the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and spectrophotometric analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu Jancy Kalpana
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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Benassi VM, Pasin TM, Facchini FDA, Jorge JA, Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli MDL. A novel glucoamylase activated by manganese and calcium produced in submerged fermentation by Aspergillus phoenicis. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54:333-9. [PMID: 23681744 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the production of glucoamylase from Aspergillus phoenicis in Machado Benassi (MB) medium using 1% maltose as carbon source. The maximum amylase activity was observed after four days of cultivation, on static conditions at 30 °C. Glucoamylase production was induced by maltose and inhibited by different glucose concentrations. The optimum of temperature and pH were 60-65 °C, and 4.5 or 5.0 to sodium acetate and Mcllvaine buffers, respectively. It was observed that the enzyme was totally stable at 30-65 °C for 1 h, and the pH range was 3.0-6.0. The enzyme was mainly activated by manganese (176%), and calcium (130%) ions. The products of starch hydrolysis were analyzed by thin layer chromatography and after 3 h, only glucose was detected, characterizing the amylolytic activity as a glucoamylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Machado Benassi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Rajesh T, Kim YH, Choi YK, Jeon JM, Kim HJ, Park SH, Park HY, Choi KY, Kim H, Kim HJ, Lee SH, Yang YH. Identification and functional characterization of an α-amylase with broad temperature and pH stability from Paenibacillus sp. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:359-69. [PMID: 23526111 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amylases are important industrial enzymes that have been applied widely in the food, detergent, and pulp industries and fermentation processes. In the present study, a gene encoding an alpha-amylase from the genomic DNA library of Paenibacillus sp. was identified and characterized. The amylase gene designated amy1 was shown to consist of 1,980 bp and shared sequence identity towards α-amylase genes from other Bacillus sp. The deduced amino acid sequence for Amy1 indicated 80 % sequence identity with other Bacillus strains. Heterologous expression of recombinant Amy1 in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) facilitated the recovery of this protein in soluble form. Enzyme kinetic data revealed Amy1 to have a K m of 23.83 mg/mL and K cat of 48.74 min(-1) and K cat /K m of 2 min(-1) mg(-1) mL(-1) for starch. The activity of this protein was found to be enhanced by Mn(2+), and furthermore, Amy1 remained active at a broad pH range (4-10) and temperature (30-90 °C). The ability of Amy1 to act on food waste under broad temperature and pH conditions, together with its ability to produce simple sugars, shows many advantages for further application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangamani Rajesh
- Department of Microbial Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
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Purification and characterization of a new glucoamylopullulanase from thermotolerant alkaliphilic Bacillus subtilis DR8806 of a hot mineral spring. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sreekanth MS, Vijayendra SVN, Joshi GJ, Shamala TR. Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on simultaneous production of α-amylase and green food packaging polymer by Bacillus sp. CFR 67. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2012; 50:404-8. [PMID: 24425935 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources, including hydrolysates of rice bran and wheat bran, on simultaneous production of α-amylase (for hydrolysis of starch in food systems) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA, a green biopolymer, which can be used as a packing material for foods) by Bacillus sp. CFR 67 was studied by submerged fermentation. Amongst various carbon sources tested, glucose and sucrose supported production of significantly (P < 0.05) higher amount of α-amylase (66 U/ml) and PHA (444 mg/l), respectively. Of the nitrogen sources tested, ammonium acetate and beef extract led to the production of maximum amount of amylase (36 U/ml) and PHA (592 mg/l), respectively. Supplementation of the production medium with wheat bran hydrolysate (50 ml/l) produced significantly higher amounts of amylase (73 U/ml) and PHA (524 mg/l). Thus this study indicated the potential of agro-residues for the production of value added biomolecules, which can reduce the cost of production of these molecules and enables to reduce the pollution mainly caused by the use of non biodegradable plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Sreekanth
- Department of Food Microbiology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - S V N Vijayendra
- Department of Food Microbiology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - G J Joshi
- Department of Food Microbiology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
| | - T R Shamala
- Department of Food Microbiology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, 570020 India
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