1
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Liu Z, Kimyon O, Manefield M. Wastewater treatment bacteria show differential preference for colonizing natural biopolymers. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:321. [PMID: 38709299 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Most reduced organic matter entering activated sludge systems is particulate (1-100-µm diameter) or colloidal (0.001-1-µm diameter), yet little is known about colonization of particulate organic matter by activated sludge bacteria. In this study, colonization of biopolymers (chitin, keratin, lignocellulose, lignin, and cellulose) by activated sludge bacteria was compared with colonization of glass beads in the presence and absence of regular nutrient amendment (acetate and ammonia). Scanning electron microscopy and quantitative PCR revealed chitin and cellulose were most readily colonized followed by lignin and lignocellulose, while keratin and glass beads were relatively resistant to colonization. Bacterial community profiles on particles compared to sludge confirmed that specific bacterial phylotypes preferentially colonize different biopolymers. Nitrifying bacteria proved adept at colonizing particles, achieving higher relative abundance on particles compared to bulk sludge. Denitrifying bacteria showed similar or lower relative abundance on particles compared to sludge. KEY POINTS: • Some activated sludge bacteria colonize natural biopolymers more readily than others. • Nitrifying bacteria are overrepresented in natural biopolymer biofilm communities. • Biopolymers in wastewater likely influence activated sludge community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongzong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Onder Kimyon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Mike Manefield
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, 2052, Australia.
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2
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Chaudhary A, Dunn ST, Kelly J, Hoellein TJ. Plastic microbiome development in a freshwater ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157697. [PMID: 35914595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To understand biological interactions of plastic litter in freshwater ecosystems, as well the potential effects of plastics on ecosystem processes, studies of the activity and composition of plastic-associated microbial communities are needed. The physical properties and chemical composition of plastic polymers are key components of plastic product design, and may also select for distinct microbial biofilms colonizing plastic litter. We monitored growth and succession of biofilm communities on plastic substrates of common morphotypes (i.e., hard, soft, foam, and film) and a natural surface (i.e., an unglazed ceramic tile) incubated in an urban stream. We measured biofilm biomass, metabolism, extracellular enzyme activity, and bacterial, fungal and algal community composition over four weeks during primary succession. Results demonstrated a general increase in biofilm biomass and enzymatic activity corresponding to carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism during biofilm development for all substrate types. We observed higher respiration rates and negative net ecosystem productivity on foam and tile surfaces in comparison to hard, soft and film plastic surfaces. Biofilm bacterial, fungal and algal assemblages showed few significant differences in composition among substrates. However, all microbial communities changed significantly in composition over time. While substrate type was not the major factor driving biofilm composition and activity, these data show plastic litter in streams is well colonized by an active and dynamic biofilm community. As plastic litter is increasing across all types of aquatic ecosystems, it should be considered a medium for biologically active organisms that contribute to key ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adit Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| | - Samuel T Dunn
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - John Kelly
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Timothy J Hoellein
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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3
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Naresh Yadav D, Naz I, Anand Kishore K, Saroj D. Evaluation of tire derived rubber (TDR) fixed biofilm reactor (FBR) for remediation of Methylene blue dye from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3627-3640. [PMID: 32114965 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1737736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation is focused on development of aerobic biofilm on tire-derived rubber (TDR) media and then evaluation of such system for bioremediation of Methylene blue (MB) dye for 9 weeks. After 9 weeks of operation, the COD, BOD, ammonia and color values have been declined by 89.2%, 98.3%, 99.61% and 99.81%, respectively, While SEM-EDX results showed a variance in weight percent of various elements in TDR without biofilm i.e. raw TDR media, as well as in the 1st and 9th-week samples. Moreover, fine and strong peaks were observed in both the MB simulated wastewater and 9th week TDR samples at 1190, 1300, 1400, 1450, 1500 and 1618 cm-1 respectively by Raman Spectroscopic analysis. Further, FTIR analysis was performed for the MB simulated wastewater, and absorbance peaks ranging from 1591 to 1363 cm-1 and 3410 cm-1 were observed in all the samples with different intensities. To assess the biodeterioration of the TDR media, ATR was performed for the raw, 1st, 2nd and 9th week TDR media samples and in the raw TDR, two important bands, 842 and 2962 cm-1 were noticed representing -CH = CH and -CH3. A clear variation of bands and peak intensities were observed in different support media samples. The results indicate that TDR media is a resilient, chemically resistant material and could be employed for the biofilm growth for biological treatment of textile dye wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Naresh Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Iffat Naz
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
- Department of Biology, Deanship of Educational Services, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Anand Kishore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India
| | - Devendra Saroj
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
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Maity S, Banerjee S, Biswas C, Guchhait R, Chatterjee A, Pramanick K. Functional interplay between plastic polymers and microbes: a comprehensive review. Biodegradation 2021; 32:487-510. [PMID: 34086181 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-021-09954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Escalated production of plastic, their worldwide distribution and persistent nature finally results into their environmental accumulation causing severe threats to the ecological environment and biotic health. Thus, development of suitable measurements for environmental remediation of plastic may be an urgent issue in this plastic age. Some recent reviews have categorized the microbial species able to degrade different plastic polymers and the different factors effecting bio-degradation of plastic are poorly understood. This review comprehensively discusses bio-degradation of traditional and biodegradable plastic polymers both in natural and biological environment (gut microbes and fungi) to understand different factors regulating their degradation, and also shows how degradation of plastic polymers under abiotic factors influence subsequent biological degradation. Different physicochemical modifications like - breaking large polymers into small fragments by pre-treatment, functional groups enrichment, identifying potent microbial species (consortia) and engineering microbial enzymes might be crucial for bio-degradations of plastic. Effects of micro/nanoplastic and other chemical intermediates, formed during the bio-degradation of plastic, on species composition, abundance, growth, metabolism and enzymatic systems of microbes involved in the bio-degradation of plastic should be determined in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhendu Maity
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sambuddha Banerjee
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Chayan Biswas
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajkumar Guchhait
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.,Department of Zoology, Mahishadal Raj College, Purba Medinipur, India
| | - Ankit Chatterjee
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Kousik Pramanick
- Integrative Biology Research Unit (IBRU), Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.
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Torena P, Alvarez‐Cuenca M, Reza M. Biodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics by bacterial communities from activated sludge. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Torena
- Department of Chemical Engineering Ryerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
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6
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Matjašič T, Simčič T, Medvešček N, Bajt O, Dreo T, Mori N. Critical evaluation of biodegradation studies on synthetic plastics through a systematic literature review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141959. [PMID: 33207527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Increasing amounts of plastic waste in the environment and their fragmentation into smaller particles known as microplastics (particles, <5mm) have raised global concerns due to their persistency in the environment and their potential to act as vectors for harmful substances or pathogenic microorganisms. One possible solution to this problem is biodegradation of plastics by microorganisms. However, the scientific information on plastic-degrading microorganisms is scattered across different scientific publications. We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) with predefined criteria using the online databases of Scopus and Web of Science to find papers on bacterial biodegradation of synthetic petroleum-based polymers. The aims of this SLR were to provide an updated list of all of the currently known bacteria claimed to biodegrade synthetic plastics, to determine and define the best methods to assess biodegradation, to critically evaluate the existing studies, and to propose directions for future research on polymer biodegradation in support of more rapid development of biodegradation technologies. Most of the bacteria identified here from the 145 reviewed papers belong to the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, and most were isolated from contaminated sites, such as landfill sites. Just under a half of the studies (44%) investigated the biodegradability of polyethylenes and derivates, particularly low-density polyethylenes. The methods used to monitor the biodegradation were mainly scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. We propose that: (1) future research should focus on biodegradation of microplastics arising from the most common pollutants (e.g. polyethylenes); (2) bacteria should be isolated from environments that are permanently contaminated with plastics; and (3) a combination of different observational methods should be used to confirm bacterial biodegradation of these plastics. Finally, when reporting, researchers need to follow standard protocols and include all essential information needed for repetition of the experiments by other research groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Matjašič
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tatjana Simčič
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neja Medvešček
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Oliver Bajt
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Dreo
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Mori
- National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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7
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Donkadokula NY, Naz I, Kola AK, Saroj D. Assessment of the aerobic glass beads fixed biofilm reactor (GBs-FBR) for the treatment of simulated methylene blue wastewater. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20705. [PMID: 33244058 PMCID: PMC7692555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research is focused on the application of glass beads (GBs) in fixed biofilm reactor (FBR) for the treatment of simulated methylene blue (MB) wastewater for 9 weeks under aerobic conditions. The COD of MB wastewater showed a reduction of 86.48% from 2000 to 270.4 mg/L, and BOD was declined up to 97.7% from 1095.5 to 25.03 mg/L. A drastic increase in the pH was observed until the 3rd week (8.5 to 8.28), and later, marginal changes between 8.30 ± 0.02 were noticed. A dramatic fluctuation was observed in ammonia concentration which increased (74.25 mg/L) up till the 2nd week, and from the 3rd week it started declining. In the 9th week, the ammonia concentration dropped to 16.5 mg/L. The color intensity increased significantly up till the 2nd week (259,237.46 Pt/Co) of the experiment and started decreasing slowly thereafter. The SEM-EDX analysis has shown the maximum quantity of carbon content in the GBs without biofilm, and then in the GB samples of 1st, and 9th-week old aerobic biofilms. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy results revealed that the 9th-week GBs has a fine and strong MB peak and matched with that of the MB stock solution. Overall, the results have shown that the GBs filter media were suitable for the development of active biofilm communities for the treatment of dye wastewater. Thus, GBs-FBR system can be used for wastewater treatment to solve the current problem of industrial pollution in many countries and to protect the aquatic environment from dye pollution caused by the textile industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Yadav Donkadokula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, India
- Centre for Environmental Health and Engineering (CEHE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Iffat Naz
- Centre for Environmental Health and Engineering (CEHE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
- Department of Biology, Scientific Unit, Deanship of Educational Services, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anand Kishore Kola
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, India.
| | - Devendra Saroj
- Centre for Environmental Health and Engineering (CEHE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
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8
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Chen S, Chen Y, Pei H, Hou Q. Biofilm development dynamics and pollutant removal performance of ceramsite made from drinking-water treatment sludge. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:616-627. [PMID: 30742347 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alum-sludge ceramsite and denitrifying bacteria (XP-1, XP-2, CL-1, CL-3) were used as substrate and constructed biofilm for enhancing the removal of pollutants from wastewater. The results showed that, due to the large specific surface area, the maximum growth rate was 0.49 mg/(g·day) on the sludge ceramsite, and the mass of biofilm attached onto sludge ceramsite was 5.98 times higher than that when using commercial ceramsite as substrate. Better removal performance could be achieved with the combination of sludge ceramsite and bacteria, viz. 98.6%, 91.0%, and 85.8% reduction in total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively. Pseudo-first-order kinetics, pseudo-second-order kinetics, Monod kinetics, and multiple Monod kinetics combined with continuous-flow-stirred tank reactor (CFSTR) behavior were used to investigate the dynamics of the pollutant removal processes. The decrease in band brightness for bacteria attached onto sludge ceramsite was 11.5%, while it was more than 35.7% on commercial ceramsite during wastewater treatment according to results from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Sludge ceramsite played an important role in maintaining quantities and activities of denitrifying bacteria, and application of sludge ceramsite substrate and denitrifying bacteria was a reliable method to enhance the removals of phosphorus, nitrogen, and COD from domestic wastewater. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Alum-sludge ceramsite was a good substrate for phosphorus adsorption and denitrifying bacterial growth. There was 5.98 times more biofilm on sludge ceramsite than on commercial ceramsite The biofilm of denitrifying bacteria on sludge ceramsite was more stable. High removals of TP (98.6%), TN (90.1%) and COD (85.81%) were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Qingjie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, China
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Tallawi M, Opitz M, Lieleg O. Modulation of the mechanical properties of bacterial biofilms in response to environmental challenges. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:887-900. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00832a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we highlight recent research on the relationship between biofilm matrix composition, biofilm mechanics and environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Tallawi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering
- Technische Universität München
- Garching
- Germany
| | - Madeleine Opitz
- Center for NanoScience
- Faculty of Physics
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
- Munich
- Germany
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering
- Technische Universität München
- Garching
- Germany
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