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Chen J, Yang D, Zhang Y, Yang L, Wang Q, Jiang M, Pan L. A novel bi-functional cold-adaptive chitinase from Chitinilyticum aquatile CSC-1 for efficient synthesis of N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129063. [PMID: 38159710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In order to better utilize chitinolytic enzymes to produce high-value N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) from chitinous waste, there is an urgent need to explore bi-functional chitinases with exceptional properties of temperature, pH and metal tolerance. In this study, we cloned and characterized a novel bi-functional cold-adaptive chitinase called CaChi18A from a newly isolated strain, Chitinilyticum aquatile CSC-1, in Bama longevity village of Guangxi Province, China. The activity of CaChi18A at 50 °C was 4.07 U/mg. However, it exhibited significant catalytic activity even at 5 °C. Its truncated variant CaChi18A_ΔChBDs, containing only catalytic domain, demonstrated significant activity levels, exceeding 40 %, over a temperature range of 5-60 °C and a pH range of 3 to 10. It was noteworthy that it displayed tolerance towards most metal ions at a final concentration of 0.1 mM, including Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions, retaining 122.52 ± 0.17 % and 116.42 ± 1.52 % activity, respectively. Additionally, it exhibited favorable tolerance towards organic solvents with the exception of formic acid. Interestedly, CaChi18A and CaChi18A_ΔChBDs had a low Km value towards colloidal chitin (CC), 0.94 mg mL-1 and 2.13 mg mL-1, respectively. Both enzymes exhibited chitobiosidase and N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase activities, producing GlcNAc as the primary product when hydrolyzing CC. The high activities across a broader temperature and pH range, strong environmental adaptability, and hydrolytic properties of CaChi18A_ΔChBDs suggested that it could be a promising candidate for GlcNAc production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Dengfeng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Yunkai Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Liyan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Qingyan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Mingguo Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530008, China
| | - Lixia Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Institute of Biology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; College of Food and Quality Engineering, Nanning University, Nanning 530200, China.
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Vasilieva S, Lukyanov A, Antipova C, Grigoriev T, Lobakova E, Chivkunova O, Scherbakov P, Zaytsev P, Gorelova O, Fedorenko T, Kochkin D, Solovchenko A. Interactive Effects of Ceftriaxone and Chitosan Immobilization on the Production of Arachidonic Acid by and the Microbiome of the Chlorophyte Lobosphaera sp. IPPAS C-2047. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10988. [PMID: 37446166 PMCID: PMC10341515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals including antibiotics are among the hazardous micropollutants (HMP) of the environment. Incomplete degradation of the HMP leads to their persistence in water bodies causing a plethora of deleterious effects. Conventional wastewater treatment cannot remove HMP completely and a promising alternative comprises biotechnologies based on microalgae. The use of immobilized microalgae in environmental biotechnology is advantageous since immobilized cultures allow the recycling of the microalgal cells, support higher cell densities, and boost tolerance of microalgae to stresses including HMP. Here, we report on a comparative study of HMP (exemplified by the antibiotic ceftriaxone, CTA) removal by suspended and chitosan-immobilized cells of Lobosphaera sp. IPPAS C-2047 in flasks and in a column bioreactor. The removal of CTA added in the concentration of 20 mg/L was as high as 65% (in the flasks) or 85% (in the bioreactor). The adsorption on the carrier and abiotic oxidation were the main processes contributing 65-70% to the total CTA removal, while both suspended and immobilized cells took up 25-30% of CTA. Neither the immobilization nor CTA affected the accumulation of arachidonic acid (ARA) by Lobosphaera sp. during bioreactor tests but the subsequent nitrogen deprivation increased ARA accumulation 2.5 and 1.7 times in the suspended and chitosan-immobilized microalgae, respectively. The study of the Lobosphaera sp. microbiome revealed that the immobilization of chitosan rather than the CTA exposure was the main factor displacing the taxonomic composition of the microbiome. The possibility and limitations of the use of chitosan-immobilized Lobosphaera sp. IPPAS C-2047 for HMP removal coupled with the production of valuable long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Vasilieva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Derzhavin Tambov State University, Komsomolskaya Square 5, 392008 Tambov, Russia
| | - Alexandr Lukyanov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
| | - Christina Antipova
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Square 1, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (C.A.); (T.G.)
| | - Timofei Grigoriev
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Square 1, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (C.A.); (T.G.)
| | - Elena Lobakova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Derzhavin Tambov State University, Komsomolskaya Square 5, 392008 Tambov, Russia
| | - Olga Chivkunova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
| | - Pavel Scherbakov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
| | - Petr Zaytsev
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Derzhavin Tambov State University, Komsomolskaya Square 5, 392008 Tambov, Russia
| | - Olga Gorelova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
| | - Tatiana Fedorenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
| | - Dmitry Kochkin
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei Solovchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.V.); (A.L.); (E.L.); (O.C.); (P.S.); (P.Z.); (O.G.); (T.F.); (D.K.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Derzhavin Tambov State University, Komsomolskaya Square 5, 392008 Tambov, Russia
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Bacterial chitinases: genetics, engineering and applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:252. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Aktas C, Ruzgar D, Gurkok S, Gormez A. Purification and characterization of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia chitinase with antifungal and insecticidal properties. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36369794 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2142942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the ability of bacteria to produce the chitinase enzyme, purify, and characterize the enzyme from the isolate with the best activity, and determine the use of this purified enzyme as a biocontrol agent. The chitinolytic bacterium was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The chitinase enzyme was purified 1.4 times at a 30% ammonium sulfate concentration with a yield of 40.7%. Following partial purification, the enzyme was purified by ion-exchange chromatography using HiPrep Q XL 16/10 column and HiPrep™ 26/10 desalting column with 25.34% and 18.12% yields, respectively. It was calculated that the purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 52 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimum activity of the enzyme was determined at 50 °C and pH 7.0. Enzyme activity was most induced by Fe2+, while it was most inhibited by Zn2+ at 5 mM concentration. Km and Vmax values of the enzyme for colloidal chitin were calculated as 1.6419 mg/mL and 16.129 U/mg, respectively. The purified chitinase was used as a biocontrol agent against the fungus Fusarium oxysporum and potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata. The enzyme was shown to be effective in reducing the growth of fungus and causing disruption of the chitin structure of potato beetle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Aktas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Damla Ruzgar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sumeyra Gurkok
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Arzu Gormez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
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Antifungal Chitinase Production by Bacillus paramycoides B26 using Squid Pen Powder as a Carbon Source. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.4.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to optimize the medium compositions and cultural conditions for improved chitinase production by a potential strain of Bacillus isolated from the marine environment and determine the antifungal activity of its chitinase against plant pathogenic fungi. Five potential isolates were cultured for chitinase production by submerged fermentation using colloidal chitin in a liquid medium. In this study, chitinase activity was determined by measuring reducing sugars, which were determined by the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) assay. The most potential isolate, B26, showed similarity to Bacillus paramycoides based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The maximum chitinase production was achieved at 6.52±0.02 U/mL after 72 h of incubation in a medium containing 2% squid pen powder, supplemented with 0.5% sodium nitrate and 2% NaCl, with an initial pH of 7. It was observed that the optimization of cultural conditions resulted in 2.83 times higher chitinase production than an unoptimized medium. The antifungal activity of crude chitinase against phytopathogenic fungi was evaluated by a well-diffusion method. The chitinase of B. paramycoides B26 effectively inhibited the growth of Fusarium solani TISTR 3436 (83.4%) and Penicillium chrysogenum TISTR 3554 (80.12%).
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Luo L, Zhou J, Xu Z, Guan J, Gao Y, Zou X. Identification and functional analysis of bacteria in sclerotia of Cordyceps militaris. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12511. [PMID: 34900429 PMCID: PMC8627653 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cordyceps militaris is a fungus that parasitizes insects. Compounds from C. militaris are valuable in medicine and functional food. There are many kinds of bacteria in the natural sclerotia of C. militaris. However, the community structure of microorganisms in samples from different places may be different, and their corresponding ecological functions require experimental verification. Methods We used high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences in sclerotia of three samples of C. militaris from Liaoning Province, China. We isolated, identified and verified the function of culturable bacterial strains from the sclerotia. Results Pseudomonas, Pedobacter, Sphingobacterium, and Serratia were the dominant bacterial genera in the sclerotia. And function prediction showed that Pseudomonas and Pedobacter could be heterotrophic, Sphingobacterium could decompose urea, and Serratia could reduce nitrate. Two strains of bacteria isolated from the sclerotia of C. militaris, N-2 and N-26, were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Pseudomonas baetica, respectively, based on culture and biochemical characteristics. When these isolated strains were co-cultured with C. militaris, the mycelium biomass and mycelium pellet diameter decreased, and the content of extracellular polysaccharide increased. Strain N-26 decreased the cordycepin content in C. militaris. Conclusions Bacteria in sclerotia have an important effect on the growth of C. militaris and the production of its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,Department of Ecology, College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhongshun Xu
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingqiang Guan
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yingming Gao
- Department of Ecology, College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.,Department of Ecology, College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Kim SK, Park JE, Oh JM, Kim H. Molecular Characterization of Four Alkaline Chitinases from Three Chitinolytic Bacteria Isolated from a Mudflat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312822. [PMID: 34884628 PMCID: PMC8658002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Four chitinases were cloned and characterized from three strains isolated from a mudflat: Aeromonas sp. SK10, Aeromonas sp. SK15, and Chitinibacter sp. SK16. In SK10, three genes, Chi18A, Pro2K, and Chi19B, were found as a cluster. Chi18A and Chi19B were chitinases, and Pro2K was a metalloprotease. With combinatorial amplification of the genes and analysis of the hydrolysis patterns of substrates, Chi18A and Chi19B were found to be an endochitinase and exochitinase, respectively. Chi18A and Chi19B belonged to the glycosyl hydrolase family 18 (GH18) and GH19, with 869 and 659 amino acids, respectively. Chi18C from SK15 belonged to GH18 with 864 amino acids, and Chi18D from SK16 belonged to GH18 with 664 amino acids. These four chitinases had signal peptides and high molecular masses with one or two chitin-binding domains and, interestingly, preferred alkaline conditions. In the activity staining, their sizes were determined to be 96, 74, 95, and 73 kDa, respectively, corresponding to their expected sizes. Purified Chi18C and Chi18D after pET expression produced N,N′-diacetylchitobiose as the main product in hydrolyzing chitooligosaccharides and colloidal chitin. These results suggest that Chi18A, Chi18C, and Chi18D are endochitinases, that Chi19B is an exochitinase, and that these chitinases can be effectively used for hydrolyzing natural chitinous sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kyum Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Jong Eun Park
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (J.E.P.); (J.M.O.)
| | - Jong Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (J.E.P.); (J.M.O.)
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (J.E.P.); (J.M.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-750-3751
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Jankiewicz U, Baranowski B, Swiontek Brzezinska M, Frąk M. Purification, characterization and cloning of a chitinase from Stenotrophomonas rhizophila G22. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:16. [PMID: 31879580 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-2007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the presented research the extracellular chitinase of Stenotrophomonas rhizophila G22 was biochemically and molecularly characterized. The studied enzyme was purified from a 72-h bacterial culture about 14 times, with a recovery of 63%. The molecular weight of the purified protein was estimated at 50 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme showed high activity against colloidal chitin. Significantly lower activities were observed with native chitin powder and chitosan. Adsorption of the enzyme to colloidal chitin and to powdered chitin at the level of 75% and 37%, respectively, was observed after 30 min of reaction. Optimum temperature and pH were 37 °C and 5.9, respectively. The enzyme demonstrated higher activity against nitrophenyl-β d N, N', N″-triacetylchitotriose and approx. 5 times lower activity for 4-nitrophenyl-N, N'-diacetyl-β-d-chitobiose. The enzyme is an endochitinase, which is confirmed by the K m and V max values determined in the studies. S. rhizophila G22 endochitinase was inhibited in the presence of cysteine-specific inhibitors, which indicates the role of cysteine moieties in the mechanism of catalysis or in stabilisation of the enzyme molecule. Also Ca2+ and Mn2+ ions may stabilise the protein's spatial structure. SDS and ions: Fe2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+ inhibited the activity of enzyme. A full-length (2109 bp) gene coding chitinase from S. rhizophila G22 was obtained. Four domains typical for glycoside hydrolase family 18 (GH 18) chitinases were identified: catalytic Gly_18, chitin-binding-ChtBD3, type-III fibronectin-FN3 and polycystic kidney disease domain-PKD domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Jankiewicz
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Baranowski
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- 2Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Magdalena Frąk
- 3Department of Remote Sensing and Environmental Assessment, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Science, Nowoursynowska 159, 02787 Warsaw, Poland
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Sosnowska ME, Jankiewicz U, Kutwin M, Chwalibog A, Gałązka A. Influence of salts and metal nanoparticles on the activity and thermal stability of a recombinant chitinase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia N4. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 116:6-15. [PMID: 29887018 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cells of Escherichia coli Rosetta, containing plasmid pET-28a with sequences of DNA of chitinase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia N4, were used for the efficient synthesis of recombinant chitinolytic enzyme. The objective of this study was to improve thermal stability of the recombinant chitinase by salts and metal nanoparticles (NP). The studied chitinase was thermolabile and largely lost its activity in the first minutes of storage at 50 and 60 °C. The optimum temperature for colloidal chitin hydrolysis by the enzyme was 50 °C. Application of sodium aurothiomalate hydrate and manganese chloride enhanced the activity of the recombinant enzyme. In general, chitinase activity was higher when silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) were used, but lower for other NP. The thermal stability of chitinase immobilized on Ag-NP and manganese chloride was significantly higher than that of free chitinase. Chitinase thermal stability after gold and manganese oxide nanoparticle application was higher than that of the control at 50 °C. Platinum nanoparticles had no significant effect on thermostability. The Ag-NP had a smaller diameter (from 2 to 20 nm) than Au-NP (from 5 to 70 nm) and Pt-NP (from 4 to 80 nm). The TEM analysis showed that the used NP had a higher affinity for chitinase than for the synthetic substrate. The type, size, and location of the NP on the enzyme played a major role in the thermal stability of chitinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Ewa Sosnowska
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, Warsaw, 02-786 Poland; Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland
| | - Urszula Jankiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland
| | - Marta Kutwin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, Warsaw, 02-786 Poland
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Agnieszka Gałązka
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw, 02-776 Poland
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Jankiewicz U, Larkowska E, Swiontek Brzezinska M. Production, characterization, gene cloning, and nematocidal activity of the extracellular protease from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia N4. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 121:614-618. [PMID: 26896861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A rhizosphere strain of the bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia N4 secretes the serine protease PN4, whose molecular mass is approximately 42 kDa. The optimal temperature for the enzyme activity of the 11-fold purified protein was 50°C and the optimal pH was 10.5. The activity of the enzyme was strongly inhibited by specific serine protease inhibitors, which allowed for its classification as an alkaline serine protease family. Ca(2+) ions stimulated the activity of the protease PN4, while Mg(2+) ions stabilized its activity, and Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) ions strongly inhibited its activity. The enzyme has broad substrate specificity. For example, it is able to hydrolyse casein, keratin, albumin, haemoglobin, and gelatin, as well as the insoluble modified substrates azure keratin and azocoll. The gene that encodes the 1740 bp precursor form of the enzyme (accession number: LC031815) was cloned. We then deduced that its amino acid sequence includes the region of the conserved domain of the S8 family of peptidases as well as the catalytic triad Asp/His/Ser. The bacterial culture fluid as well as the purified protease PN4 demonstrated biocidal activity with regard to the nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Panagrellus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Jankiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Larkowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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