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Wayllace NM, Martín M, Busi MV, Gomez-Casati DF. Microbial glucoamylases: structural and functional properties and biotechnological uses. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:293. [PMID: 37653355 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Glucoamylases (GAs) are one of the principal groups of enzymes involved in starch hydrolysis and belong to the glycosylhydrolase family. They are classified as exo-amylases due to their ability to hydrolyze α-1,4 glycosidic bonds from the non-reducing end of starch, maltooligosaccharides, and related substrates, releasing β-D-glucose. Structurally, GAs possess a characteristic catalytic domain (CD) with an (α/α)6 fold and exhibit five conserved regions within this domain. The CD may or may not be linked to a non-catalytic domain with variable functions depending on its origin. GAs are versatile enzymes with diverse applications in food, biofuel, bioplastic and other chemical industries. Although fungal GAs are commonly employed for these purposes, they have limitations such as their low thermostability and an acidic pH requirement. Alternatively, GAs derived from prokaryotic organisms are a good option to save costs as they exhibit greater thermostability compared to fungal GAs. Moreover, a group of cold-adapted GAs from psychrophilic organisms demonstrates intriguing properties that make them suitable for application in various industries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structural and sequential properties as well as biotechnological applications of GAs in different industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natael M Wayllace
- CEFOBI-CONICET. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mariana Martín
- CEFOBI-CONICET. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María V Busi
- CEFOBI-CONICET. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Diego F Gomez-Casati
- CEFOBI-CONICET. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Ugwuoji ET, Nwagu TNT, Ezeogu LI. Detergent-stable amylase production by Paenibacillus lactis strain OPSA3 isolated from soil; optimization by response surface methodology. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 39:e00808. [PMID: 37528864 PMCID: PMC10388169 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to isolate thermostable, alkaliphilic, and detergent-tolerant amylase-producing bacteria. Pure isolates from environmental samples were screened on a starch-based medium (pH 11), and selected isolates were identified using cultural and molecular techniques. Product optimization studies were conducted, and secreted amylase was partially purified using 40% (w/v) saturation ammonium sulfate at 4 °C. The wash performance of concentrated amylase was analyzed. A novel isolate, Paenibacillus lactis OPSA3, was selected for further studies. The isolate produced amylase optimally when grown on banana peels and soybean extracts, which are agro-wastes. Optimization by Response surface Methodology resulted in a 2.1-fold increase in alkaliphilic amylase production. A 2.46-fold purification was achieved, with an enzyme activity yield of 79.53% and specific activity of 26.19 Umg-1. Wash performance analysis using the amylase supplemented with boiled commercial detergent (kiln®) showed good cleaning efficiency. The amylase has the potential for application as a component of green detergent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Tobechukwu Ugwuoji
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Tochukwu Nwamaka T. Nwagu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Lewis Iheanacho Ezeogu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- UNESCO International Centre for Biotechnology, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Chen Z, Wang L, Shen Y, Hu D, Zhou L, Lu F, Li M. Improving Thermostability of Chimeric Enzymes Generated by Domain Shuffling Between Two Different Original Glucoamylases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:881421. [PMID: 35449593 PMCID: PMC9017332 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.881421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve enzymatic properties of glucoamylases, six recombinant genes GA1–GA6 were created by domain shuffling of glucoamylase genes GAA1 from Aspergillus niger Ld418AI and GATE from Talaromyces emersonii Ld418 TE using overlap extension PCR and were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1B; only activities of GA1 and GA2 in the fermentation broth were higher than those of GAA1 but less than those of GATE. Further research results of GA1 and GA2 indicated that chimeric glucoamylases GA1 and GA2 revealed increased thermostability compared with GAA1 and GATE, although with a slight change in the activity and optimal temperature. However, GA1 had almost the same catalytic efficiency as GATE, whereas the catalytic efficiency of GA2 was slightly less than that of GATE, but still higher than that of GAA1. The structural analysis showed that the change of enzymatic properties could be caused by the increased and extended α-helix and β-sheet, which change the secondary and tertiary structures of chimeric glucoamylases. These results demonstrated that domain shuffling was feasible to generate a chimeric enzyme with novel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Longbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Dunji Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Liying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Fuping Lu, ; Ming Li,
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Fuping Lu, ; Ming Li,
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Li CL, Ruan HZ, Liu LM, Zhang WG, Xu JZ. Rational reformation of Corynebacterium glutamicum for producing L-lysine by one-step fermentation from raw corn starch. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:145-160. [PMID: 34870736 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on engineering Corynebacterium glutamicum to produce L-lysine efficiently from starch using combined method of "classical breeding" and "genome breeding." Firstly, a thermo-tolerable L-lysine-producing C. glutamicum strain KT45-6 was obtained after multi-round of acclimatization at high temperature. Then, amylolytic enzymes were introduced into strain KT45-6, and the resultant strains could use starch for cell growth and L-lysine production except the strain with expression of isoamylase. In addition, co-expression of amylolytic enzymes showed a good performance in starch degradation, cell growth and L-lysine production, especially co-expression of α-amylase (AA) and glucoamylase (GA). Moreover, L-lysine yield was increased by introducing AA-GA fusion protein (i.e., strain KT45-6S-5), and finally reached to 23.9 ± 2.3 g/L in CgXIIIPM-medium. It is the first report of an engineered L-lysine-producing strain with maximum starch utilization that may be used as workhorse for producing amino acid using starch as the main feedstock. KEY POINTS: • Thermo-tolerable C. glutamicum was obtained by temperature-induced adaptive evolution. • The fusion order between AA and GA affects the utilization efficiency of starch. • C. glutamicum with starch utilization was constructed by optimizing amylases expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Long Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Zhe Ruan
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800# Lihu Road, WuXi, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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Wang C, Yang L, Luo L, Tang S, Wang Q. Purification and characterization of glucoamylase of Aspergillus oryzae from Luzhou-flavour Daqu. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2345-2355. [PMID: 32623532 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain novel glucoamylase from Daqu microbe. RESULTS A dominant strain known as LZ2 with high activity of hydrolyzing starch was isolated from Luzhou Daqu, a Chinese traditional fermentation starter. The LZ2 was identified as Aspergillus oryzae by 18S rDNA sequence analysis. Glucoamylase from LZ2, named as GA-LZ2, was purified to homogeneity and showed a single band with expected molecular mass of 60 kD. The GA-LZ2 effectively degraded amylose, rice starch and wheat starch. Optimal temperature and pH value of enzyme were 60 °C and pH 4.0 respectively. The GA-LZ2 displayed significant thermal stability and pH stability at moderate temperature and low pH. Intriguingly, the thermostability was enhanced in the presence of starch. In addition, GA-LZ2 exhibited insensitivity to glucose, independence of metal ions and tolerance to organic solvents. The GA-LZ2 retained complete activity in the presence of 100 mM glucose and 5% ethanol and methanol. CONCLUSION Glucoamylase GA-LZ2 displayed broad substrate specificity, strong stability and tolerance, suggesting that GA-LZ2 carry potential for industrial application in bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, No. 180, Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lianli Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, No. 180, Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lunan Luo
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, No. 180, Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Tang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, No. 180, Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, No. 180, Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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