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Liu H, Sun L, Zhang J, Wang Y, Lu H. Siderophore-synthesizing NRPS reprogram lipid metabolic profiles for phenotype and function changes of Arthrobotrys oligospora. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:46. [PMID: 38114752 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to explore the function of the AOL-s00215g415 (Aog415) gene, which encodes for the synthesis of siderophore in the nematode trapping fungal model strain A. oligospora, in order to understand the relationship between siderophore biosynthesis and nematode trapping activity. After a through sequence analysis, it was determined that Aog415 is a siderophore-synthesizing NRPS. The product of this gene was then identified to be the hydroxamate siderophore desferriferrichrome, using mass spectrometry analysis. When compared to the WT strains, the Aog415 knockout strain exhibited a 60% decrease in siderophore content in fermentation broth. Additionally, the number of predatory rings of decreased by 23.21%, while the spore yield increased by 37.34%. The deletion of Aog415 did not affect the growth of A. oligospora in diverse nutrient medium. Lipid metabolism-related pathways were the primary targets of Aog415 disruption as revealed by the metabolomic analysis. In comparison to the WT, a significant reduction in the levels of glycerophospholipids, and glycolipids was observed in the mutation. The metabolic alteration in fatty acyls and amino acid-like molecules were significantly disrupted. The knockout of Aog415 impaired the biosynthesis of the hydroxamate siderophore desferriferrichrome, remodeled the flow of fatty acid in A. oligospora, and mainly reprogrammed the membrane lipid metabolism in cells. Desferriferrichrome, a hydroxamate siderophore affects the growth, metabolism and nematode trapping ability of A. oligospora by regulating iron intake and cell membrane homeostasis. Our study uncovered the significant contribution of siderophores to the growth and nematode trapping ability and constructed the relationship among siderophores biosynthesis, lipid metabolism and nematode trapping activity of A. oligospora, which provides a new insight for the development of nematode biocontrol agents based on nematode trapping fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Liangyin Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Hengqian Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
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Gu T, Lu H, Liu H, Zhang G, Wang Y. Function discovery of a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-like encoding gene in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1210288. [PMID: 37520361 PMCID: PMC10373296 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1210288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the function of a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase-like (NRPS-like) encoding gene AOL_s00188g306 (g306) was investigated to reveal the association between NRPS and nematocidal activity in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. Sequence analysis indicated that the encoded product of g306 is an adenylation domain of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases and extended short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase domain-containing proteins, and displays a wide substrate spectrum. The Δg306 mutants were more sensitive to chemical stressors than the wild type. Disruption of g306 impeded the nematocidal efficiency of A. oligospora. Metabolomics analysis showed that secondary metabolite biosynthesis and lipid metabolism were altered in the mutants. The phenotypic changes in the mutants can be attributed to the down-regulation of various metabolites, including fatty acyls, prenol lipids, steroidsand steroid derivative, and amino acid derivatives, identified in the present study. This study investigated the association between the non-ribosomal polypeptide-encoding gene g306 and nematicidal activity in A. oligospora, providing a reference for resolving the predation mechanism of nematode-trapping fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hengqian Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huiwen Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Wang D, Ma N, Rao W, Zhang Y. Recent Advances in Life History Transition with Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora and Its Application in Sustainable Agriculture. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030367. [PMID: 36986289 PMCID: PMC10056792 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes cause great annual loss in the agricultural industry globally. Arthrobotrys oligospora is the most prevalent and common nematode-trapping fungus (NTF) in the environment and the candidate for the control of plant- and animal-parasitic nematodes. A. oligospora is also the first recognized and intensively studied NTF species. This review highlights the recent research advances of A. oligospora as a model to study the biological signals of the switch from saprophytism to predation and their sophisticated mechanisms for interacting with their invertebrate hosts, which is of vital importance for improving the engineering of this species as an effective biocontrol fungus. The application of A. oligospora in industry and agriculture, especially as biological control agents for sustainable purposes, was summarized, and we discussed the increasing role of A. oligospora in studying its sexual morph and genetic transformation in complementing biological control research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Nan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Wanqin Rao
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
- Correspondence:
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Roles of the Fungal-Specific Lysine Biosynthetic Pathway in the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora Identified through Metabolomics Analyses. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020206. [PMID: 36836320 PMCID: PMC9963897 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In higher fungi, lysine is biosynthesized via the α-aminoadipate (AAA) pathway, which differs from plants, bacteria, and lower fungi. The differences offer a unique opportunity to develop a molecular regulatory strategy for the biological control of plant parasitic nematodes, based on nematode-trapping fungi. In this study, in the nematode-trapping fungus model Arthrobotrys oligospora, we characterized the core gene in the AAA pathway, encoding α-aminoadipate reductase (Aoaar), via sequence analyses and through comparing the growth, and biochemical and global metabolic profiles of the wild-type and Aoaar knockout strains. Aoaar not only has α-aminoadipic acid reductase activity, which serves fungal L-lysine biosynthesis, but it also is a core gene of the non-ribosomal peptides biosynthetic gene cluster. Compared with WT, the growth rate, conidial production, number of predation rings formed, and nematode feeding rate of the ΔAoaar strain were decreased by 40-60%, 36%, 32%, and 52%, respectively. Amino acid metabolism, the biosynthesis of peptides and analogues, phenylpropanoid and polyketide biosynthesis, and lipid metabolism and carbon metabolism were metabolically reprogrammed in the ΔAoaar strains. The disruption of Aoaar perturbed the biosynthesis of intermediates in the lysine metabolism pathway, then reprogrammed amino acid and amino acid-related secondary metabolism, and finally, it impeded the growth and nematocidal ability of A. oligospora. This study provides an important reference for uncovering the role of amino acid-related primary and secondary metabolism in nematode capture by nematode-trapping fungi, and confirms the feasibility of Aoarr as a molecular target to regulate nematode-trapping fungi to biocontrol nematodes.
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Abstract
Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) are the majority of carnivorous microbes to capture nematodes through diverse and sophisticated trapping organs derived from hyphae. They can adopt carnivorous lifestyles in addition to saprophytism to obtain extra-nutrition from nematodes. As a special group of fungi, the NTF are not only excellent model organism for studying lifestyle transition of fungi but also natural resources of exploring biological control of nematodes. However, the carnivorous mechanism of NTF remains poorly understood. Nowadays, the omics studies of NTF have provided numerous genes and pathways that are associated with the phenotypes of carnivorous traits, which need molecular tools to verify. Here, we review the development and progress of gene manipulation tools in NTF, including methodology and strategy of transformation, random gene mutagenesis methods and target gene mutagenesis methods. The principle and practical approach for each method was summarized and discussed, and the basic operational flow for each tool was described. This paper offers a clear reference and instruction for researchers who work on NTF as well as other group of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Peng H, Zhang GH, Lu HQ, Kong XW, Zha XD, Wang YZ. A Putative Adhesin-encoding Gene AOL_s00007g5 is involved in the Mycelial Growth and Development of Nematode-trapping Fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s000368382205012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhu MC, Li XM, Zhao N, Yang L, Zhang KQ, Yang JK. Regulatory Mechanism of Trap Formation in the Nematode-Trapping Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040406. [PMID: 35448637 PMCID: PMC9031305 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nematode-trapping (NT) fungi play a significant role in the biological control of plant- parasitic nematodes. NT fungi, as a predator, can differentiate into specialized structures called “traps” to capture, kill, and consume nematodes at a nutrient-deprived condition. Therefore, trap formation is also an important indicator that NT fungi transition from a saprophytic to a predacious lifestyle. With the development of gene knockout and multiple omics such as genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, increasing studies have tried to investigate the regulation mechanism of trap formation in NT fungi. This review summarizes the potential regulatory mechanism of trap formation in NT fungi based on the latest findings in this field. Signaling pathways have been confirmed to play an especially vital role in trap formation based on phenotypes of various mutants and multi-omics analysis, and the involvement of small molecule compounds, woronin body, peroxisome, autophagy, and pH-sensing receptors in the formation of traps are also discussed. In addition, we also highlight the research focus for elucidating the mechanism underlying trap formation of NT fungi in the future.
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