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Kawai S, Nishihara A, Matsuura K, Haruta S. Hydrogen-dependent autotrophic growth in phototrophic and chemolithotrophic cultures of thermophilic bacteria, Chloroflexus aggregans and Chloroflexus aurantiacus, isolated from Nakabusa hot springs. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 366:5510454. [PMID: 31158281 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Chloroflexus is a deeply branching group of thermophilic filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria. The bacteria in this genus have been shown to grow well heterotrophically under anaerobic photosynthetic and aerobic respiratory conditions. We examined autotrophic growth in new isolates of Chloroflexus strains from hot springs in Nakabusa, Japan. The isolates belonging to Chloroflexus aggregans (98.7% identity of 16S rRNA gene sequence to the respective type strain) and Chloroflexus aurantiacus (99.9% identity to the respective type strain) grew photoautotrophically under a 24% H2 atmosphere. We also observed chemolithotrophic growth of these isolates under 80% H2 and 5% O2 conditions in the dark. This is the first report showing that Chloroflexus grew under both photoautotrophic and chemolithotrophic conditions in addition to photoheterotrophic and aerobic chemoheterotrophic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Kawai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Arisa Nishihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Katsumi Matsuura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shin Haruta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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Luedin SM, Storelli N, Danza F, Roman S, Wittwer M, Pothier JF, Tonolla M. Mixotrophic Growth Under Micro-Oxic Conditions in the Purple Sulfur Bacterium " Thiodictyon syntrophicum". Front Microbiol 2019; 10:384. [PMID: 30891015 PMCID: PMC6413534 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial ecosystem of the meromictic Lake Cadagno (Ticino, Swiss Alps) has been studied intensively in order to understand structure and functioning of the anoxygenic phototrophic sulfur bacteria community living in the chemocline. It has been found that the purple sulfur bacterium "Thiodictyon syntrophicum" strain Cad16T, belonging to the Chromatiaceae, fixes around 26% of all bulk inorganic carbon in the chemocline, both during day and night. With this study, we elucidated for the first time the mode of carbon fixation of str. Cad16T under micro-oxic conditions with a combination of long-term monitoring of key physicochemical parameters with CTD, 14C-incorporation experiments and quantitative proteomics using in-situ dialysis bag incubations of str. Cad16T cultures. Regular vertical CTD profiling during the study period in summer 2017 revealed that the chemocline sank from 12 to 14 m which was accompanied by a bloom of cyanobacteria and the subsequent oxygenation of the deeper water column. Sampling was performed both day and night. CO2 assimilation rates were higher during the light period compared to those in the dark, both in the chemocline population and in the incubated cultures. The relative change in the proteome between day and night (663 quantified proteins) comprised only 1% of all proteins encoded in str. Cad16T. Oxidative respiration pathways were upregulated at light, whereas stress-related mechanisms prevailed during the night. These results indicate that low light availability and the co-occurring oxygenation of the chemocline induced mixotrophic growth in str. Cad16T. Our study thereby helps to further understand the consequences micro-oxic conditions for phototrophic sulfur oxidizing bacteria. The complete proteome data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange database with identifier PXD010641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M. Luedin
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environment, Constructions and Design, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Spiez Laboratory, Biology Division, Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Storelli
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environment, Constructions and Design, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Danza
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environment, Constructions and Design, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Roman
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environment, Constructions and Design, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Alpine Biology Center Foundation, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wittwer
- Spiez Laboratory, Biology Division, Federal Office for Civil Protection, Spiez, Switzerland
| | - Joël F. Pothier
- Environmental Genomics and System Biology Research Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Tonolla
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Environment, Constructions and Design, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Alpine Biology Center Foundation, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Posth NR, Bristow LA, Cox RP, Habicht KS, Danza F, Tonolla M, Frigaard NU, Canfield DE. Carbon isotope fractionation by anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in euxinic Lake Cadagno. GEOBIOLOGY 2017; 15:798-816. [PMID: 28866873 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria utilize ancient metabolic pathways to link sulfur and iron metabolism to the reduction of CO2 . In meromictic Lake Cadagno, Switzerland, both purple sulfur (PSB) and green sulfur anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (GSB) dominate the chemocline community and drive the sulfur cycle. PSB and GSB fix carbon utilizing different enzymatic pathways and these fractionate C-isotopes to different extents. Here, these differences in C-isotope fractionation are used to constrain the relative input of various anoxygenic phototrophs to the bulk community C-isotope signal in the chemocline. We sought to determine whether a distinct isotopic signature of GSB and PSB in the chemocline persists in the settling fraction and in the sediment. To answer these questions, we also sought investigated C-isotope fractionation in the water column, settling material, and sediment of Lake Cadagno, compared these values to C-isotope fractionation of isolated anoxygenic phototroph cultures, and took a mass balance approach to investigate relative contributions to the bulk fractionation signature. We found a large C-isotope fractionation between dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) in the Lake Cadagno chemocline. This large fractionation between the DIC and POC was also found in culture experiments carried out with anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria isolated from the lake. In the Lake Cadagno chemocline, anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria controlled the bulk C-isotope fractionation, but the influence of GSB and PSB differed with season. Furthermore, the contribution of PSB and GSB to bulk C-isotope fractionation in the chemocline could be traced in the settling fraction and in the sediment. Taken together with other studies, such as lipid biomarker analyzes and investigations of other stratified lakes, these results offer a firmer understanding of diagenetic influences on bacterial biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Posth
- Department of Biology, Nordic Centre for Earth Evolution (Nordcee), University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - L A Bristow
- Department of Biology, Nordic Centre for Earth Evolution (Nordcee), University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - R P Cox
- Department of Biology, Nordic Centre for Earth Evolution (Nordcee), University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - K S Habicht
- Department of Biology, Nordic Centre for Earth Evolution (Nordcee), University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- Unisense A/S, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - F Danza
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Microbiology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Tonolla
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Microbiology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Alpine Biology Center Foundation, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - N-U Frigaard
- Department of Biology, Section for Marine Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - D E Canfield
- Department of Biology, Nordic Centre for Earth Evolution (Nordcee), University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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Aida AA, Hatamoto M, Yamamoto M, Ono S, Nakamura A, Takahashi M, Yamaguchi T. Molecular characterization of anaerobic sulfur-oxidizing microbial communities in up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating municipal sewage. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 118:540-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Storelli N, Peduzzi S, Saad MM, Frigaard NU, Perret X, Tonolla M. CO2assimilation in the chemocline of Lake Cadagno is dominated by a few types of phototrophic purple sulfur bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 84:421-32. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maged M. Saad
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Microbiology Unit; University of Geneva, Sciences III; Geneva; Switzerland
| | - Niels-Ulrik Frigaard
- Section for Marine Biology, Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Helsingør; Denmark
| | - Xavier Perret
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Microbiology Unit; University of Geneva, Sciences III; Geneva; Switzerland
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Dincturk HB, Demir V, Aykanat T. Bd oxidase homologue of photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum is co-transcribed with a nitrogen fixation related gene. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2010; 99:211-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-010-9478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kämpf C, Kim YA, Cobb AD, Knaff DB. Inhibition of phototrophically growing Chromatium vinosum D by glycine. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Thar R, Kühl M. Motility of Marichromatium gracile in response to light, oxygen, and sulfide. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:5410-9. [PMID: 11722886 PMCID: PMC93323 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.12.5410-5419.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The motility of the purple sulfur bacterium Marichromatium gracile was investigated under different light regimes in a gradient capillary setup with opposing oxygen and sulfide gradients. The gradients were quantified with microsensors, while the behavior of swimming cells was studied by video microscopy in combination with a computerized cell tracking system. M. gracile exhibited photokinesis, photophobic responses, and phobic responses toward oxygen and sulfide. The observed migration patterns could be explained solely by the various phobic responses. In the dark, M. gracile formed an approximately 500-microm-thick band at the oxic-anoxic interface, with a sharp border toward the oxic zone always positioned at approximately 10 microM O(2). Flux calculations yielded a molar conversion ratio S(tot)/O(2) of 2.03:1 (S(tot) = [H(2)S] + [HS(-)] + [S(2-)]) for the sulfide oxidation within the band, indicating that in darkness the bacteria oxidized sulfide incompletely to sulfur stored in intracellular sulfur globules. In the light, M. gracile spread into the anoxic zone while still avoiding regions with >10 microM O(2). The cells also preferred low sulfide concentrations if the oxygen was replaced by nitrogen. A light-dark transition experiment demonstrated a dynamic interaction between the chemical gradients and the cell's metabolism. In darkness and anoxia, M. gracile lost its motility after ca. 1 h. In contrast, at oxygen concentrations of >100 microM with no sulfide present the cells remained viable and motile for ca. 3 days both in light and darkness. Oxygen was respired also in the light, but respiration rates were lower than in the dark. Observed aggregation patterns are interpreted as effective protection strategies against high oxygen concentrations and might represent first stages of biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thar
- Marine Biological Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Friedrich CG, Rother D, Bardischewsky F, Quentmeier A, Fischer J. Oxidation of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds by bacteria: emergence of a common mechanism? Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:2873-82. [PMID: 11425697 PMCID: PMC92956 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.7.2873-2882.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C G Friedrich
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Fachbereich Chemietechnik, Universität Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany.
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Abstract
Reduced inorganic sulfur compounds are oxidized by members of the domains Archaea and Bacteria. These compounds are used as electron donors for anaerobic phototrophic and aerobic chemotrophic growth, and are mostly oxidized to sulfate. Different enzymes mediate the conversion of various reduced sulfur compounds. Their physiological function in sulfur oxidation is considered (i) mostly from the biochemical characterization of the enzymatic reaction, (ii) rarely from the regulation of their formation, and (iii) only in a few cases from the mutational gene inactivation and characterization of the resulting mutant phenotype. In this review the sulfur-metabolizing reactions of selected phototrophic and of chemotrophic prokaryotes are discussed. These comprise an archaeon, a cyanobacterium, green sulfur bacteria, and selected phototrophic and chemotrophic proteobacteria. The genetic systems are summarized which are presently available for these organisms, and which can be used to study the molecular basis of their dissimilatory sulfur metabolism. Two groups of thiobacteria can be distinguished: those able to grow with tetrathionate and other reduced sulfur compounds, and those unable to do so. This distinction can be made irrespective of their phototrophic or chemotrophic metabolism, neutrophilic or acidophilic nature, and may indicate a mechanism different from that of thiosulfate oxidation. However, the core enzyme for tetrathionate oxidation has not been identified so far. Several phototrophic bacteria utilize hydrogen sulfide, which is considered to be oxidized by flavocytochrome c owing to its in vitro activity. However, the function of flavocytochrome c in vivo may be different, because it is missing in other hydrogen sulfide-oxidizing bacteria, but is present in most thiosulfate-oxidizing bacteria. A possible function of flavocytochrome c is discussed based on biophysical studies, and the identification of a flavocytochrome in the operon encoding enzymes involved in thiosulfate oxidation of Paracoccus denitrificans. Adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase thought to function in the 'reverse' direction in different phototrophic and chemotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria was analysed in Chromatium vinosum. Inactivation of the corresponding gene does not affect the sulfite-oxidizing ability of the mutant. This result questions the concept of its 'reverse' function, generally accepted for over three decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Friedrich
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Fachbereich Chemietechnik, Universität Dortmund, Germany
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Bartsch RG, Newton GL, Sherrill C, Fahey RC. Glutathione amide and its perthiol in anaerobic sulfur bacteria. J Bacteriol 1996; 178:4742-6. [PMID: 8755912 PMCID: PMC178251 DOI: 10.1128/jb.178.15.4742-4746.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatium species produced the novel biological thiol glutathione amide, gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine amide (GASH), when grown photoheterotrophically. GASH was largely converted to the corresponding perthiol during photoautotrophic growth on sulfide, suggesting that GASH may have a function in anaerobic sulfide metabolism. This unprecedented form of glutathione metabolism was probably present in anaerobic ancestors of modern cyanobacteria and purple bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Bartsch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
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Wit R, Ende FP, Gemerden H. Mathematical simulation of the interactions among cyanobacteria, purple sulfur bacteria and chemotrophic sulfur bacteria in microbial mat communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1995.tb00136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Albracht SP. Nickel hydrogenases: in search of the active site. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1994; 1188:167-204. [PMID: 7803444 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)90036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S P Albracht
- E.C. Slater Institute, BioCentrum Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Schaub BE, Gemerden H. Simultaneous phototrophic and chemotrophic growth in the purple sulfur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina M1. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 1994. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1994.tb00065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Overmann J, Pfennig N. Continuous chemotrophic growth and respiration of Chromatiaceae species at low oxygen concentrations. Arch Microbiol 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00249067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Witt R, Gemerden H. Growth of the phototrophic purple sulfur bacteriumThiocapsaroseopersicinaunder oxic/anoxic regimens in the light. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb03926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Brune
- Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1604
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Gemerden H, Wit R, Tughan CS, Herbert R. Development of mass blooms ofThiocapsa roseopersicinaon sheltered beaches on the Orkney Islands. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Wit R, Gemerden H. Chemolithotrophic growth of the phototrophic sulfur bacteriumThiocapsa roseopersicina. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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