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Functional Imaging Using Bioluminescent Reporter Genes in Living Subjects. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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2
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Crowley C, Butler CR, Camilli C, Hynds RE, Kolluri KK, Janes SM, De Coppi P, Urbani L. Non-Invasive Longitudinal Bioluminescence Imaging of Human Mesoangioblasts in Bioengineered Esophagi. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 25:103-113. [PMID: 30648471 PMCID: PMC6389770 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal engineering aims to create replacement solutions by generating hollow organs using a combination of cells, scaffolds, and regeneration-stimulating factors. Currently, the fate of cells on tissue-engineered grafts is generally determined retrospectively by histological analyses. Unfortunately, quality-controlled cell seeding protocols for application in human patients are not standard practice. As such, the field requires simple, fast, and reliable techniques for non-invasive, highly specific cell tracking. Here, we show that bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a suitable method to track human mesoangioblast seeding of an esophageal tubular construct at every stage of the preclinical bioengineering pipeline. In particular, validation of BLI as longitudinal quantitative assessment of cell density, proliferation, seeding efficiency, bioreactor culture, and cell survival upon implantation in vivo was performed against standard methods in 2D cultures and in 3D decellularized esophageal scaffolds. The technique is simple, non-invasive, and provides information on mesoangioblast distribution over entire scaffolds. Bioluminescence is an invaluable tool in the development of complex bioartificial organs and can assist in the development of standardized cell seeding protocols, with the ability to track cells from bioreactor through to implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Crowley
- 1 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin R Butler
- 1 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,2 Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlotta Camilli
- 1 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E Hynds
- 2 Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna K Kolluri
- 2 Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam M Janes
- 2 Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- 1 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Urbani
- 1 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,3 Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
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Manassero M, Paquet J, Deschepper M, Viateau V, Retortillo J, Bensidhoum M, Logeart-Avramoglou D, Petite H. Comparison of Survival and Osteogenic Ability of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Orthotopic and Ectopic Sites in Mice. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:534-44. [PMID: 26896389 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue constructs containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are appealing strategies for repairing large segmental bone defects, but they do not allow consistent bone healing and early cell death was identified as a cause of failure. However, little is known about cell survival in the clinical microenvironment encountered during bone healing process. Osteoconductive coral scaffold with or without luciferase-labeled human MSCs were implanted either in a critical segmental femoral bone defect stabilized by plate or subcutaneously in 44 mice. Cell survival was evaluated by serial bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and osteogenic capabilities by histology and microcomputed tomography. Comparisons between groups were performed with two-way analysis of variance test. Twenty mice were sacrificed 2 weeks after surgery for short-term evaluation and 24 mice at 10 weeks for long-term evaluation. BLI provided evidence of fast and continuous cell death: 85% decrease of the BLI signal over the first 2 weeks in both locations; in fact, less than 2% of the initial cell number was present in all constructs analyzed 4 weeks postimplantation and less than 1% of the initial cell number by 8 weeks postimplantation. By 2 weeks postimplantation, the amount of newly formed bone was self-limited and was similar to ectopic and orthotopic groups. By 10 weeks postimplantation, bone formation was significantly enhanced in the presence of MSCs in orthotopic site and the amount of newly formed bone in cell-containing constructs implanted in orthotopic locations was significantly higher than that observed in the ectopic group. Our results indicated that hMSCs promote bone formation despite early and massive cell death when loaded on coral scaffolds. Interestingly, bone formation was higher in orthotopic than ectopic site despite the same survival pattern. Ectopic implantation of cell-containing constructs is suitable to evaluate cell survival, but assessment of bone formation ability requires orthotopic implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Manassero
- 1 Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA-UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot , Paris, France .,2 Service de Chirurgie, Université Paris-Est , Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Joseph Paquet
- 1 Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA-UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot , Paris, France
| | - Mickael Deschepper
- 1 Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA-UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot , Paris, France
| | - Véronique Viateau
- 1 Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA-UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot , Paris, France .,2 Service de Chirurgie, Université Paris-Est , Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jose Retortillo
- 1 Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA-UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot , Paris, France .,2 Service de Chirurgie, Université Paris-Est , Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- 1 Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA-UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot , Paris, France
| | - Delphine Logeart-Avramoglou
- 1 Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA-UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot , Paris, France
| | - Hervé Petite
- 1 Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et Bioimagerie Ostéo-Articulaires (B2OA-UMR CNRS 7052), Université Paris Diderot , Paris, France
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4
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Leferink AM, van Blitterswijk CA, Moroni L. Methods of Monitoring Cell Fate and Tissue Growth in Three-Dimensional Scaffold-Based Strategies for In Vitro Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 22:265-83. [PMID: 26825610 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the field of tissue engineering, there is a need for methods that allow assessing the performance of tissue-engineered constructs noninvasively in vitro and in vivo. To date, histological analysis is the golden standard to retrieve information on tissue growth, cellular distribution, and cell fate on tissue-engineered constructs after in vitro cell culture or on explanted specimens after in vivo applications. Yet, many advances have been made to optimize imaging techniques for monitoring tissue-engineered constructs with a sub-mm or μm resolution. Many imaging modalities have first been developed for clinical applications, in which a high penetration depth has been often more important than lateral resolution. In this study, we have reviewed the current state of the art in several imaging approaches that have shown to be promising in monitoring cell fate and tissue growth upon in vitro culture. Depending on the aimed tissue type and scaffold properties, some imaging methods are more applicable than others. Optical methods are mostly suited for transparent materials such as hydrogels, whereas magnetic resonance-based methods are mostly applied to obtain contrast between hard and soft tissues regardless of their transparency. Overall, this review shows that the field of imaging in scaffold-based tissue engineering is developing at a fast pace and has the potential to overcome the limitations of destructive endpoint analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Leferink
- 1 Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands .,2 Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University , Maastricht, The Netherlands .,3 BIOS/Lab-on-a-chip Group, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- 1 Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands .,2 Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- 1 Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands .,2 Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University , Maastricht, The Netherlands
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5
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Allen AB, Zimmermann JA, Burnsed OA, Yakubovich DC, Stevens HY, Gazit Z, McDevitt TC, Guldberg RE. Environmental manipulation to promote stem cell survival in vivo: use of aggregation, oxygen carrier, and BMP-2 co-delivery strategies. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3594-3607. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02471d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based strategies for critically-sized bone defect repair hold promise, poor cell survival in vivo remains a significant barrier to the translation of these therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B. Allen
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Josh A. Zimmermann
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Olivia A. Burnsed
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Doron Cohn Yakubovich
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory
- The Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine
- Jerusalem
- Israel
| | - Hazel Y. Stevens
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Zulma Gazit
- Skeletal Biotech Laboratory
- The Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine
- Jerusalem
- Israel
- Regenerative Medicine Institute
| | - Todd C. McDevitt
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
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6
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Lost signature: progress and failures in in vivo tracking of implanted stem cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9907-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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7
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Ventura M, Boerman OC, de Korte C, Rijpkema M, Heerschap A, Oosterwijk E, Jansen JA, Walboomers XF. Preclinical Imaging in Bone Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:578-95. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Ventura
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Otto C. Boerman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Chris de Korte
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Rijpkema
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert Oosterwijk
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John A. Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - X. Frank Walboomers
- Department of Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Trachtenberg JE, Vo TN, Mikos AG. Pre-clinical characterization of tissue engineering constructs for bone and cartilage regeneration. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 43:681-96. [PMID: 25319726 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pre-clinical animal models play a crucial role in the translation of biomedical technologies from the bench top to the bedside. However, there is a need for improved techniques to evaluate implanted biomaterials within the host, including consideration of the care and ethics associated with animal studies, as well as the evaluation of host tissue repair in a clinically relevant manner. This review discusses non-invasive, quantitative, and real-time techniques for evaluating host-materials interactions, quality and rate of neotissue formation, and functional outcomes of implanted biomaterials for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Specifically, a comparison will be presented for pre-clinical animal models, histological scoring systems, and non-invasive imaging modalities. Additionally, novel technologies to track delivered cells and growth factors will be discussed, including methods to directly correlate their release with tissue growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Trachtenberg
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS 142, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX, 77251-1892, USA
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9
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Abstract
Regenerative medicine is an alternative solution for organ transplantation. Stem cells and nanoscaffolds are two essential components in regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as primary adult stem cells with high proliferation capacity, wide differentiation potential, and immunosuppression properties which make them unique for regenerative medicine and cell therapy. Scaffolds are engineered nanofibers that provide suitable microenvironment for cell signalling which has a great influence on cell proliferation, differentiation, and biology. Recently, application of scaffolds and MSCs is being utilized in obtaining more homogenous population of MSCs with higher cell proliferation rate and greater differentiation potential, which are crucial factors in regenerative medicine. In this review, the definition, biology, source, characterization, and isolation of MSCs and current report of application of nanofibers in regenerative medicine in different lesions are discussed.
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10
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Allen AB, Gazit Z, Su S, Stevens HY, Guldberg RE. In vivo bioluminescent tracking of mesenchymal stem cells within large hydrogel constructs. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 20:806-16. [PMID: 24576050 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of multicomponent scaffolds for cell implantation has necessitated sophisticated techniques for tracking of cell survival in vivo. Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) has emerged as a noninvasive tool for evaluating the therapeutic potential of cell-based tissue engineering strategies. However, the ability to use BLI measurements to longitudinally assess large 3D cellular constructs in vivo and the effects of potential confounding factors are poorly understood. In this study, luciferase-expressing human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were delivered subcutaneously within agarose and RGD-functionalized alginate hydrogel vehicles to investigate the impact of construct composition and tissue formation on BLI signal. Results showed that alginate constructs exhibited twofold greater BLI counts than agarose constructs at comparable hMSC doses. However, each hydrogel type produced a linear correlation between BLI counts and live cell number, indicating that within a given material, relative differences in cell number could be accurately assessed at early time points. The survival efficiency of delivered hMSCs was highest for the lower cell doses embedded within alginate matrix. BLI signal remained predictive of live cell number through 1 week in vivo, although the strength of correlation decreased over time. Irrespective of hydrogel type or initial hMSC seeding dose, all constructs demonstrated a degree of vascularization and development of a fibrotic capsule after 1 week. Formation of tissue within and adjacent to the constructs was accompanied by an attenuation of BLI signal during the initial period of the image acquisition time-frame. In alginate constructs only, greater vessel volume led to a delayed rise in BLI signal following luciferin delivery. This study identified vascular and fibrotic tissue ingrowth as potential confounding variables for longitudinal BLI studies. Further investigation into the complexities of noninvasive BLI data acquisition from multicomponent constructs, following implantation and subsequent tissue formation, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B Allen
- 1 Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
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11
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Appel AA, Anastasio MA, Larson JC, Brey EM. Imaging challenges in biomaterials and tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6615-30. [PMID: 23768903 PMCID: PMC3799904 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials are employed in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) in order to enhance the regeneration or replacement of tissue function and/or structure. The unique environments resulting from the presence of biomaterials, cells, and tissues result in distinct challenges in regards to monitoring and assessing the results of these interventions. Imaging technologies for three-dimensional (3D) analysis have been identified as a strategic priority in TERM research. Traditionally, histological and immunohistochemical techniques have been used to evaluate engineered tissues. However, these methods do not allow for an accurate volume assessment, are invasive, and do not provide information on functional status. Imaging techniques are needed that enable non-destructive, longitudinal, quantitative, and three-dimensional analysis of TERM strategies. This review focuses on evaluating the application of available imaging modalities for assessment of biomaterials and tissue in TERM applications. Included is a discussion of limitations of these techniques and identification of areas for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa A. Appel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
- Research Service, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Mark A. Anastasio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffery C. Larson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
- Research Service, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Eric M. Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3255 South Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
- Research Service, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
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12
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Mirabella T, Gentili C, Daga A, Cancedda R. Amniotic fluid stem cells in a bone microenvironment: Driving host angiogenic response. Stem Cell Res 2013; 11:540-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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13
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Strachna O, Torrecilla D, Reumann MK, Serganova I, Kim J, Gieschler S, Boskey AL, Blasberg RG, Mayer-Kuckuk P. Molecular imaging of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor a (VEGF a) in femoral bone grafts transplanted into living mice. Cell Transplant 2013; 23:901-12. [PMID: 23582187 PMCID: PMC5477423 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x667015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The biology of cells transplanted with bone grafts is incompletely understood. Focusing on the early angiogenic response postgrafting, we report a mouse femur graft model in which grafts were derived from mice transgenic for a firefly luciferase (FLuc) bioluminescence reporter gene driven by a promoter for the angiogenic signaling molecule vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Upon transplantation into wild-type (wt) mice, in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) permitted longitudinal visualization and measurements of VEGF promoter activity in the transplanted graft cells and demonstrated a lag period of 7 days posttransplantation prior to robust induction of the promoter. To determine cellular mediators of VEGF induction in graft bone, primary graft-derived osteoblastic cells (GDOsts) were characterized. In vitro BLI on GDOsts showed hypoxia-induced VEGF expression and that this induction depended on PI3K signaling and, to a lesser degree, on the MEK pathway. This transcriptional regulation correlated with VEGF protein production and was validated in GDOsts seeded on demineralized bone matrix (DBM), a bone graft substitute material. Together, combined imaging of VEGF expression in living animals and in live cells provided clues about the regulation of VEGF in cells post-bone grafting. These data are particularly significant toward the development of future smart bone graft substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Strachna
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Inna Serganova
- Center for Molecular Imaging in Cancer, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jihye Kim
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simone Gieschler
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adele L. Boskey
- Mineralized Tissue Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald G. Blasberg
- Center for Molecular Imaging in Cancer, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philipp Mayer-Kuckuk
- Bone Cell Biology and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, MRI, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Matsuoka F, Takeuchi I, Agata H, Kagami H, Shiono H, Kiyota Y, Honda H, Kato R. Morphology-based prediction of osteogenic differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55082. [PMID: 23437049 PMCID: PMC3578868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) are widely used cell source for clinical bone regeneration. Achieving the greatest therapeutic effect is dependent on the osteogenic differentiation potential of the stem cells to be implanted. However, there are still no practical methods to characterize such potential non-invasively or previously. Monitoring cellular morphology is a practical and non-invasive approach for evaluating osteogenic potential. Unfortunately, such image-based approaches had been historically qualitative and requiring experienced interpretation. By combining the non-invasive attributes of microscopy with the latest technology allowing higher throughput and quantitative imaging metrics, we studied the applicability of morphometric features to quantitatively predict cellular osteogenic potential. We applied computational machine learning, combining cell morphology features with their corresponding biochemical osteogenic assay results, to develop prediction model of osteogenic differentiation. Using a dataset of 9,990 images automatically acquired by BioStation CT during osteogenic differentiation culture of hBMSCs, 666 morphometric features were extracted as parameters. Two commonly used osteogenic markers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition were measured experimentally, and used as the true biological differentiation status to validate the prediction accuracy. Using time-course morphological features throughout differentiation culture, the prediction results highly correlated with the experimentally defined differentiation marker values (R>0.89 for both marker predictions). The clinical applicability of our morphology-based prediction was further examined with two scenarios: one using only historical cell images and the other using both historical images together with the patient's own cell images to predict a new patient's cellular potential. The prediction accuracy was found to be greatly enhanced by incorporation of patients' own cell features in the modeling, indicating the practical strategy for clinical usage. Consequently, our results provide strong evidence for the feasibility of using a quantitative time series of phase-contrast cellular morphology for non-invasive cell quality prediction in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Matsuoka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Department of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideki Agata
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Division of Molecular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kagami
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Division of Molecular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Matsumoto Dental University School of Dentistry, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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15
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Bagó JR, Aguilar E, Alieva M, Soler-Botija C, Vila OF, Claros S, Andrades JA, Becerra J, Rubio N, Blanco J. In vivo bioluminescence imaging of cell differentiation in biomaterials: a platform for scaffold development. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 19:593-603. [PMID: 23013334 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo testing is a mandatory last step in scaffold development. Agile longitudinal noninvasive real-time monitoring of stem cell behavior in biomaterials implanted in live animals should facilitate the development of scaffolds for tissue engineering. We report on a noninvasive bioluminescence imaging (BLI) procedure for simultaneous monitoring of changes in the expression of multiple genes to evaluate scaffold performance in vivo. Adipose tissue-derived stromal mensenchymal cells were dually labeled with Renilla red fluorescent protein and firefly green fluorescent protein chimeric reporters regulated by cytomegalovirus and tissue-specific promoters, respectively. Labeled cells were induced to differentiate in vitro and in vivo, by seeding in demineralized bone matrices (DBMs) and monitored by BLI. Imaging results were validated by RT-polymerase chain reaction and histological procedures. The proposed approach improves molecular imaging and measurement of changes in gene expression of cells implanted in live animals. This procedure, applicable to the simultaneous analysis of multiple genes from cells seeded in DBMs, should facilitate engineering of scaffolds for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli R Bagó
- Cardiovascular Research Center CSIC-ICCC, CIBER-BBN, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Prins HJ, Fernandes H, Rozemuller H, van Blitterswijk C, de Boer J, Martens ACM. Spatial distribution and survival of human and goat mesenchymal stromal cells on hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 10:233-44. [PMID: 23255230 DOI: 10.1002/term.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The combination of scaffolds and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is a promising approach in bone tissue engineering (BTE). Knowledge on the survival, outgrowth and bone-forming capacity of MSCs in vivo is limited. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI), histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry were combined to study the fate of gene-marked goat and human MSCs (gMSCs, hMSCs) on scaffolds with different osteoinductive properties. Luciferase-GFP-labelled MSCs were seeded on hydroxyapatite (HA) or β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), cultured for 7 days in vitro in osteogenic medium, implanted subcutaneously in immunodeficient mice and monitored with BLI for 6 weeks. The constructs were retrieved and processed for histomorphometry and detection of luciferase-positive cells (LPCs). For gMSCs, BLI revealed doubling of signal after 1 week, declining to 60% of input after 3 weeks and remaining constant until week 6. hMSCs showed a constant decrease of BLI signal to 25% of input, indicating no further expansion. Bone formation of gMSCs was two-fold higher on TCP than HA. hMSCs and gMSCs control samples produced equal amounts of bone on TCP. Upon transduction, there was a four-fold reduction in bone formation compared with untransduced hMSCs, and no bone was formed on HA. LPCs were detected at day 14, but were much less frequent at day 42. Striking differences were observed in spatial distribution. MSCs in TCP were found to be aligned and interconnected on the surface but were scattered in an unstructured fashion in HA. In conclusion, the spatial distribution of MSCs on the scaffold is critical for cell-scaffold-based BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk-Jan Prins
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Fernandes
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Rozemuller
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Cell Therapy Facility, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan de Boer
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Anton C M Martens
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Becquart P, Cambon-Binder A, Monfoulet LE, Bourguignon M, Vandamme K, Bensidhoum M, Petite H, Logeart-Avramoglou D. Ischemia is the prime but not the only cause of human multipotent stromal cell death in tissue-engineered constructs in vivo. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:2084-94. [PMID: 22578283 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Local tissue ischemia is a prime cause responsible for the massive cell death in tissue-engineered (TE) constructs observed postimplantation. To assess the impact of ischemia on the death of implanted human multipotent stromal cells (hMSCs), which have great potential for repairing damaged tissues, we hereby investigated the in vivo temporal and spatial fate of human Luc-GFP-labeled MSCs within fibrin gel/coral scaffolds subcutaneously implanted in nude mice. In vivo bioluminescence imaging monitoring and histological analyses of the constructs tested confirmed the irremediable death of hMSCs over 30 days postimplantation. The kinetics of expression of three hypoxic/ischemic markers (HIF-1α, LDH-A, and BNIP3) was also monitored. Our results provided evidence that hMSCs located within the core of implanted constructs died faster and predominantly and strongly expressed the aforementioned ischemic markers. In contrast, cells located in the outer regions of TE constructs were reperfused by neovascularization and were still viable (as evidenced by their ex-vivo proliferative potential) at day 15 postimplantation. These results support the explanation that in the central part of the constructs tested, death of hMSCs was due to ischemia, whereas in the periphery of these constructs, cell death was due to another mechanism that needs to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Becquart
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biomechanics for Bone and Articulations, UMR 7052 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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18
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Kucerova L, Poturnajova M, Tyciakova S, Matuskova M. Increased proliferation and chemosensitivity of human mesenchymal stromal cells expressing fusion yeast cytosine deaminase. Stem Cell Res 2012; 8:247-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone transplantation is an important procedure often used for bone defect reconstruction after trauma and malignancies. However, the kinetics of free bone graft-derived cells remains unclarified. The authors examined the kinetics of graft-derived cells using transgenic rats systemically expressing firefly luciferase. METHODS Free iliac bone grafts (5 × 5 × 2 mm, n = 10) derived from luciferase transgenic rats were transplanted into the subcutaneous space of the back of wild-type Lewis rats, and the kinetics of graft-derived cells were evaluated over time by determining the level of luminescence emission. RESULTS Although the luminescence level emitted by luciferase decreased after transplantation, a substantial luminescence level (mean, 1.6 × 10(7) photons/second) was emitted from donor-derived cells even at 180 days after transplantation, suggesting a long-term survival of graft-derived cells. In a computed tomographic image analysis of bone grafts retrieved 180 days after transplantation, high-luminescence grafts with a sufficient number of viable graft-derived cells (mean, 2.6 × 10(7) photons/second; n = 4) showed significantly higher bone graft volume (3.1-fold) and polar moment of inertia of area (7.2-fold) than low-luminescence grafts (mean, 1.0 × 10(7) photons/second; n = 4), indicating that high-luminescence grafts maintain better conditions. CONCLUSION These results suggest that bone graft-derived cells can survive for a long time and that the presence of a sufficient number of viable graft-derived cells is essential for graft engraftment and remodeling.
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20
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21
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Agata H, Asahina I, Watanabe N, Ishii Y, Kubo N, Ohshima S, Yamazaki M, Tojo A, Kagami H. Characteristic change and loss of in vivo osteogenic abilities of human bone marrow stromal cells during passage. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:663-73. [PMID: 19754223 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have the ability to form bone when transplanted, the responsible factors for in vivo osteogenic abilities are poorly understood. Here we report conditions that are required for human BMSCs to demonstrate their in vivo osteogenic abilities. BMSCs were obtained from healthy donors and their in vivo osteogenic abilities were analyzed. Transplantation analyses revealed that the passage number and length of osteogenic induction significantly affected ectopic bone formation. Although 2-week induction increased the percentage of success in bone formation compared with the 1-week induction, BMSCs completely lost their in vivo osteogenic ability after passage 4 regardless of the length of osteogenic induction. Despite their in vivo osteogenic ability, no significant difference was observed in alkaline phosphatase activity or gene expression of osteogenic markers between BMSCs at passages 1 and 3. Differences were only observed in in vitro mineralizing abilities. Application of basic fibroblast growth factor helped to maintain the BMSCs in vivo osteogenic ability; basic fibroblast growth factor altered cell growth and expression of HLA-DR. The results strongly suggest that there are several required conditions for human BMSCs to demonstrate their bone-forming capabilities, which should be further investigated and considered when designing a protocol for clinical bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Agata
- Division of Molecular Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Multilineage differentiation of muscle-derived stem cells from GFP transgenic mice. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 32:1745-52. [PMID: 20632072 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear whether green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression is maintained during the course of multilineage differentiation of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs). We isolated MDSCs from GFP-transgenic mice and transferred them to chondrogenic, neurogenic or myogenic media. Multilineage differentiation was examined by morphological observation, histological staining, immunocytochemical staining, real-time RT-PCR and Western blot. Both differentiated cells and non-differentiated cells maintained stable GFP expression until the cells exhibited a senescent phenotype. Thus, MDSCs from GFP-transgenic mice have multilineage potential in vitro and that GFP expression does not influence the multilineage potential of MDSCs (or vice versa).
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23
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Geuze RE, Prins HJ, Öner FC, van der Helm YJM, Schuijff LS, Martens AC, Kruyt MC, Alblas J, Dhert WJA. Luciferase labeling for multipotent stromal cell tracking in spinal fusion versus ectopic bone tissue engineering in mice and rats. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:3343-51. [PMID: 20575656 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering of bone, by combining multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) with osteoconductive scaffolds, has not yet yielded any clinically useful applications so far. The fate and contribution of the seeded cells are not sufficiently clarified, especially at clinically relevant locations. Therefore, we investigated cell proliferation around the spine and at ectopic sites using noninvasive in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) in relation to new bone formation. Goat MSCs were lentivirally transduced to express luciferase. After showing both correlation between MSC viability and BLI signal as well as survival and osteogenic capacity of these cells ectopically in mice, they were seeded on ceramic scaffolds and implanted in immunodeficient rats at two levels in the spine for spinal fusion as well as subcutaneously. Nontransduced MSCs were used as a control group. All rats were monitored at day 1 and after that weekly until termination at week 7. In mice a BLI signal was observed during the whole observation period, indicating survival of the seeded MSCs, which was accompanied by osteogenic differentiation in vivo. However, these same MSCs showed a different response in the rat model, where the BLI signal was present until day 14, both in the spine and ectopically, indicating that MSCs were able to survive at least 2 weeks of implantation. Only when the signal was still present after the total implantation period ectopically, which only occurred in one rat, new bone was formed extensively and the implanted MSCs were responsible for this bone formation. Ectopically, neither a reduced proliferative group (irradiated) nor a group in which the cells were devitalized by liquid nitrogen and the produced extracellular matrix remained (matrix group) resulted in bone formation. This suggests that the release of soluble factors or the presence of an extracellular matrix is not enough to induce bone formation. For the spinal location, the question remains whether the implanted MSCs contribute to the bone regeneration or that the principal mechanism of MSC activity is through the release of soluble mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Geuze
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Teixeira S, Fernandes H, Leusink A, van Blitterswijk C, Ferraz MP, Monteiro FJ, de Boer J. In vivo evaluation of highly macroporous ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93:567-75. [PMID: 19591232 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, different materials of both natural and synthetic origin have been developed with the aim of inducing and controlling osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In order for that to happen, it is necessary that the material to be implanted obey a series of requirements, namely: osteoconduction, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Additionally, they must be low-priced, easy to produce, shape, and store. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a well known ceramic with a composition similar to the mineral component of bone and is highly biocompatible and easy to obtain and/or process. On the other hand, collagen is the main structural protein present in the human body and bone. In this study, a polymer replication method was applied and a highly porous HA scaffold was produced. Collagen was later incorporated to improve the biological properties of the scaffold while resembling the bone composition. The scaffolds were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. In vitro and in vivo testing was performed in all scaffolds produced. The goal of this study was to evaluate the in vivo osteogenic potential of MSCs from two different species seeded on the different HA basedporous scaffolds with collagen type I. The resultsindicate that all scaffolds exhibit relevant bone formation, being more prominent in the case of the HA scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Teixeira
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Laboratório de Biomaterials, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
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25
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In vivo bioluminescent imaging of irradiated orthotopic pancreatic cancer xenografts in nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient mice: a novel method for targeting and assaying efficacy of ionizing radiation. Transl Oncol 2010; 3:153-9. [PMID: 20563256 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.09184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is a lethal malignancy, and better models to study tumor behavior in vivo are needed for the development ofmore effective therapeutics. Ionizing radiation is a treatment modality that is commonly used in the clinical setting, in particular, for locally confined disease; however, good model systems to study the effect of ionizing radiation in orthotopic tumors have not been established. In an attempt to create clinically relevant models for studying treatments directed against pancreatic cancer, we have defined a methodology to measure the effect of varying doses of radiation in established human pancreatic cancer orthotopic xenografts using two different pancreatic cancer cell lines (Panc-1 and BXPC3) infected with a lentiviral vector expressing CMV promoter-driven luciferase to allow bioluminescence imaging of live animals in real time. Quantifiable photon emission from luciferase signaling in vivo correlated well with actual tumor growth. Bioluminescence imaging of the established pancreatic xenografts was used to direct delivery of radiation to the orthotopic tumors and minimize off-target adverse effects. Growth delay was observed with schedules in the range of 7.5 Gy in five fractions to 10 Gy in four fractions, whereas doses 3 Gy or higher produced toxic adverse effects. In conclusion, we describe a model in which the effects of ionizing radiation, alone or in combination with other therapeutics, in orthotopic xenografts, can be studied.
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26
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Liu J, Barradas A, Fernandes H, Janssen F, Papenburg B, Stamatialis D, Martens A, van Blitterswijk C, de Boer J. In Vitro and In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging of Hypoxia in Tissue-Engineered Grafts. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16:479-85. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, Mira Institute for Biomedical Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Barradas
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, Mira Institute for Biomedical Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Fernandes
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, Mira Institute for Biomedical Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Janssen
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, Mira Institute for Biomedical Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bernke Papenburg
- Membrane Technology Group, Mira Institute for Biomedical Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Stamatialis
- Membrane Technology Group, Mira Institute for Biomedical Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Martens
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, Mira Institute for Biomedical Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, Mira Institute for Biomedical Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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27
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Liu J, Arends R, Martens A, den Brok-Bardoel MHC, Scheepers MGH, van Blitterswijk CA, de Boer J. Noninvasive imaging of bone-specific collagen I expression in a luciferase transgenic mouse model. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16:1297-304. [PMID: 20218816 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Luciferase transgenic mice are a very promising tool for noninvasive, quantitative, and longitudinal evaluation of gene expression. The aim of this study was to validate the Col(I)-Luc transgenic mouse model in which the luciferase gene is driven by bone-specific regulatory elements from the mouse collagen α1(I) gene for bioluminescent imaging of bone development and remodeling. We observed strong luciferase activity in skeletal tissues of Col(I)-Luc mice, and observed that the light intensity declined with postnatal bone development. Luciferase activity was enhanced in a tail bone repair model and we were able to monitor the process of ectopic bone formation induced by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 using bioluminescent imaging. We conclude that Col(I)-Luc transgenic mice can be applied in the field of bone tissue engineering for monitoring bone repair processes and for investigating osteoinductive molecules or scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Research Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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28
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Geuze RE, Everts PA, Kruyt MC, Verbout AJ, Alblas J, Dhert WJA. Orthotopic location has limited benefit from allogeneic or autologous multipotent stromal cells seeded on ceramic scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 15:3231-9. [PMID: 19374487 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvement of tissue-engineered grafts is still a challenge in the field of regenerative medicine. Using multipotent stromal cells (MSCs), which have immunosuppressive qualities in an allogeneic situation, off-the-shelf implants can be created. This study compared allogeneic and autologous MSCs at an orthotopic (L1 transverse process model) and ectopic (intramuscular) implantation location in 2-year-old goats. Further, the possible additional effect of platelet-leukocyte gel (PLG) as a source of growth factors on bone formation was investigated. For the orthotopic implantation, cassettes were implanted in nine goats bilaterally on the lumbar transverse processes, either with PLG-seeded or with plasma-seeded constructs. To assess the onset of bone formation, fluorochromes were administered at weeks 3, 5, and 9. Their incorporation in newly formed bone indicated that seeded cells enhanced bone formation in the first weeks. Nevertheless, after 16 weeks no beneficial effects of cells were found in the cassettes in contrast to the ectopic location. No effect of PLG on bone formation was shown at either location. Finally, we show no significant difference in bone formation between autologous and allogeneic MSCs, an important finding when considering the use of allogeneic cells as an off-the-shelf component in tissue-engineered bone in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Geuze
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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29
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Geuze RE, Wegman F, Oner FC, Dhert WJA, Alblas J. Influence of endothelial progenitor cells and platelet gel on tissue-engineered bone ectopically in goats. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 15:3669-77. [PMID: 19499998 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For the development of functional large bone tissue constructs, optimal oxygen and nutrients supply of seeded multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) is likely dependent on vascularization. The introduction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to MSC cultures might enhance vascularization and therefore increase bone formation. In this study we cocultured MSCs and EPCs and investigated performance and bone formation both in vitro and in vivo. The EPCs used were characterized by uptake of acetylated low-density lipoproteins, binding of isolectin B4 and expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule. EPC/MSC in vitro coculture showed that both cell types exerted a positive effect on proliferation of the other. For the in vivo studies, we applied platelet-leukocyte gel (PLG), containing several growth factors, as a means to further induce vascularization and thereby enhance bone formation. Cocultures and monocultures were combined with either PLG or plasma, seeded on ceramic scaffolds, and implanted intramuscularly in nine goats. After 16 weeks of implantation, it turned out that seeding MSCs and EPCs both resulted in significant more bone lining the scaffold than the unseeded controls, and MSCs and cocultures with highest MSC/EPC ratio were most competent. Cocultures did not show a higher bone content than the monoculture of MSCs. Fluorochrome incorporation results showed that the presence of seeded cells, either MSCs or EPCs, in the constructs accelerated bone formation. Finally, the addition of PLG instead of plasma did have a positive influence on the quantity of incorporated bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Geuze
- Deptartment of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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30
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Reumann MK, Weiser MC, Mayer-Kuckuk P. Musculoskeletal molecular imaging: a comprehensive overview. Trends Biotechnol 2010; 28:93-101. [PMID: 20045210 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging permits non-invasive visualization and measurement of molecular and cell biology in living subjects, thereby complementing conventional anatomical imaging. Herein, we review the emerging application of molecular imaging for the study of musculoskeletal biology. Utilizing mainly bioluminescence and fluorescence techniques, molecular imaging has enabled in-vivo studies of (i) the activity of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and hormones, (ii) the mechanisms of pathological cartilage and bone destruction, (iii) skeletal gene and cell therapy with and without biomaterial support, and (iv) the cellular processes in osteolysis and osteomyelitis. In these applications, musculoskeletal molecular imaging demonstrated feasibility for research in a myriad of musculoskeletal conditions ranging from bone fracture and arthritis to skeletal cancer. Importantly, these advances herald great potential for innovative clinical imaging in orthopedics, rheumatology, and oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie K Reumann
- Bone Cell Biology and Imaging Laboratory, Caspary Research Building, Rm. 623, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
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31
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Wang H, Chen X. Imaging mesenchymal stem cell migration and the implications for stem cell-based cancer therapies. Future Oncol 2008; 4:623-8. [DOI: 10.2217/14796694.4.5.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are promising cellular vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic proteins to sites of cancer growth upon transplantation. To better understand the physiology and biology of the transplanted stem cells, it is necessary and desirable to track the fate of stem cells noninvasively and longitudinally. Reporter gene imaging is a powerful tool to monitor live stem cells in vivo. In this special report, we review currently investigated reporter genes used for tracking stem cells in vivo by optical, radionuclide, magnetic resonance and multimodality imaging techniques. We also discuss the possibility and feasibility of applying reporter gene imaging to monitor stem-cell-based therapeutic gene delivery efficiency and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- The Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, P095, Stanford, CA 94305-95484, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- The Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Rd, P095, Stanford, CA 94305-5484, USA
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