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Jia Y, Le H, Wang X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Ding J, Zheng C, Chang F. Double-edged role of mechanical stimuli and underlying mechanisms in cartilage tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1271762. [PMID: 38053849 PMCID: PMC10694366 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1271762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli regulate the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and the homeostasis of chondrocytes, thus affecting implant success in cartilage tissue engineering. The mechanical microenvironment plays fundamental roles in the maturation and maintenance of natural articular cartilage, and the progression of osteoarthritis Hence, cartilage tissue engineering attempts to mimic this environment in vivo to obtain implants that enable a superior regeneration process. However, the specific type of mechanical loading, its optimal regime, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still under investigation. First, this review delineates the composition and structure of articular cartilage, indicating that the morphology of chondrocytes and components of the extracellular matrix differ from each other to resist forces in three top-to-bottom overlapping zones. Moreover, results from research experiments and clinical trials focusing on the effect of compression, fluid shear stress, hydrostatic pressure, and osmotic pressure are presented and critically evaluated. As a key direction, the latest advances in mechanisms involved in the transduction of external mechanical signals into biological signals are discussed. These mechanical signals are sensed by receptors in the cell membrane, such as primary cilia, integrins, and ion channels, which next activate downstream pathways. Finally, biomaterials with various modifications to mimic the mechanical properties of natural cartilage and the self-designed bioreactors for experiment in vitro are outlined. An improved understanding of biomechanically driven cartilage tissue engineering and the underlying mechanisms is expected to lead to efficient articular cartilage repair for cartilage degeneration and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
- The Second Bethune Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Hanxiang Le
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
- The Fourth Treatment Area of Trauma Hip Joint Surgery Department, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianggang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Liu
- The Second Bethune Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Jiacheng Ding
- The Second Bethune Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Changjun Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Fei Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
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Moran CJ, Ramesh A, Brama PAJ, O'Byrne JM, O'Brien FJ, Levingstone TJ. The benefits and limitations of animal models for translational research in cartilage repair. J Exp Orthop 2016; 3:1. [PMID: 26915001 PMCID: PMC4703594 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-015-0037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Much research is currently ongoing into new therapies for cartilage defect repair with new biomaterials frequently appearing which purport to have significant regenerative capacity. These biomaterials may be classified as medical devices, and as such must undergo rigorous testing before they are implanted in humans. A large part of this testing involves in vitro trials and biomechanical testing. However, in order to bridge the gap between the lab and the clinic, in vivo preclinical trials are required, and usually demanded by regulatory approval bodies. This review examines the in vivo models in current use for cartilage defect repair testing and the relevance of each in the context of generated results and applicability to bringing the device to clinical practice. Some of the preclinical models currently used include murine, leporine, ovine, caprine, porcine, canine, and equine models. Each of these has advantages and disadvantages in terms of animal husbandry, cartilage thickness, joint biomechanics and ethical and licencing issues. This review will examine the strengths and weaknesses of the various animal models currently in use in preclinical studies of cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor J Moran
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ashwanth Ramesh
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pieter A J Brama
- Section of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John M O'Byrne
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Cappagh National Orthopaedic Hospital, Finglas, Dublin 11, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tanya J Levingstone
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin, Ireland.
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Adler KL, Cook PC, Geisler PR, Yen YM, Giordano BD. Current Concepts in Hip Preservation Surgery: Part II--Rehabilitation. Sports Health 2016; 8:57-64. [PMID: 26733593 PMCID: PMC4702152 DOI: 10.1177/1941738115577621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Successful treatment of nonarthritic hip pain in young athletic individuals remains a challenge. A growing fund of clinical knowledge has paralleled technical innovations that have enabled hip preservation surgeons to address a multitude of structural variations of the proximal femur and acetabulum and concomitant intra-articular joint pathology. Often, a combination of open and arthroscopic techniques are necessary to treat more complex pathomorphologies. Peri- and postoperative recovery after such procedures can pose a substantial challenge to the patient, and a dedicated, thoughtful approach may reduce setbacks, limit morbidity, and help optimize functional outcomes. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PubMed and CINAHL databases were searched to identify relevant scientific and review articles through December 2014 using the search terms hip preservation, labrum, surgical dislocation, femoroacetabular impingement, postoperative rehabilitation, peri-acetabular osteotomy, and rotational osteotomy. Reference lists of included articles were reviewed to locate additional references of interest. STUDY DESIGN Clinical review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. RESULTS Hip preservation procedures and appropriate rehabilitation have allowed individuals to return to a physically active lifestyle. CONCLUSION Effective postoperative rehabilitation must consider modifications and precautions specific to the particular surgical techniques used. Proper postoperative rehabilitation after hip preservation surgery may help optimize functional recovery and maximize clinical success and patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Adler
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Division of Sports Medicine, Hip Preservation Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - P Christopher Cook
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Division of Sports Medicine, Hip Preservation Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Paul R Geisler
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Athletic Training Education Program, Ithaca College, Ithaca, New York
| | - Yi-Meng Yen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, The Adolescent and Young Hip Unit, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian D Giordano
- Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Division of Sports Medicine, Hip Preservation Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Wiegant K, Intema F, Roermund PM, Barten‐van Rijbroek AD, Doornebal A, Hazewinkel HAW, Lafeber FPJG, Mastbergen SC. Evidence of Cartilage Repair by Joint Distraction in a Canine Model of Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:465-74. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wiegant
- University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Femke Intema
- University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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