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Roy M, Singh R. TRIMs: selective recruitment at different steps of the NF-κB pathway-determinant of activation or resolution of inflammation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6069-6086. [PMID: 34283248 PMCID: PMC11072854 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
TNF-α-induced NF-κB pathway is an essential component of innate and adaptive immune pathway, and it is tightly regulated by various post-translational modifications including ubiquitination. Oscillations in NF-κB activation and temporal gene expression are emerging as critical determinants of inflammatory response, however, the regulators of unique outcomes in different patho-physiological conditions are not well understood. Tripartite Motif-containing proteins (TRIMs) are RING domain-containing E3 ligases involved in the regulation of cellular homeostasis, metabolism, cell death, inflammation, and host defence. Emerging reports suggest that TRIMs are recruited at different steps of TNF-α-induced NF-κB pathway and modulate via their E3 ligase activity. TRIMs show synergy and antagonism in the regulation of the NF-κB pathway and also regulate it in a feedback manner. TRIMs also regulate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) mediated inflammatory pathways and may have evolved to directly regulate a specific arm of immune signalling. The review emphasizes TRIM-mediated ubiquitination and modulation of TNF-α-regulated temporal and NF-κB signaling and its possible impact on unique transcriptional and functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The MS University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
- Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, MRB 731, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The MS University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India.
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Wang C, Xiao J, Nowak K, Gunasekera K, Alippe Y, Speckman S, Yang T, Kress D, Abu-Amer Y, Hottiger MO, Mbalaviele G. PARP1 Hinders Histone H2B Occupancy at the NFATc1 Promoter to Restrain Osteoclast Differentiation. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:776-788. [PMID: 31793068 PMCID: PMC7465553 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Induction of nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is essential for macrophage differentiation into osteoclasts (OCs), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The ability of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) to poly-ADP-ribosylate NFATc1 in T cells prompted us to investigate the PARP1 and NFATc1 interaction during osteoclastogenesis. However, extensive studies failed to directly link PARP1 to NFATc1. A combination of transcriptomics and proteomics studies was then used to identify PARP1 targets under these conditions. These unbiased approaches in conjunction with site-directed mutagenesis studies revealed that PARP1 inhibited NFATc1 expression and OC formation by ADP-ribosylating histone H2B at serine 7 and decreasing the occupancy of this histone variant at the NFATc1 promoter. The anti-osteoclastogenic function of PARP1 was confirmed in vivo in several mouse models of PARP1 loss-of-function or gain-of-function, including a novel model in which PARP1 was conditionally ablated in myeloid cells. Thus, PARP1 ADP-ribosylates H2B to negatively regulate NFATc1 expression and OC differentiation. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jianqiu Xiao
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathrin Nowak
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kapila Gunasekera
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yael Alippe
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sheree Speckman
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tong Yang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dustin Kress
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Adapala NS, Swarnkar G, Arra M, Shen J, Mbalaviele G, Ke K, Abu-Amer Y. Inflammatory osteolysis is regulated by site-specific ISGylation of the scaffold protein NEMO. eLife 2020; 9:56095. [PMID: 32202502 PMCID: PMC7145425 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory osteolysis is governed by exacerbated osteoclastogenesis. Ample evidence points to central role of NF-κB in such pathologic responses, yet the precise mechanisms underpinning specificity of these responses remain unclear. We propose that motifs of the scaffold protein IKKγ/NEMO partly facilitate such functions. As proof-of-principle, we used site-specific mutagenesis to examine the role of NEMO in mediating RANKL-induced signaling in mouse bone marrow macrophages, known as osteoclast precursors. We identified lysine (K)270 as a target regulating RANKL signaling as K270A substitution results in exuberant osteoclastogenesis in vitro and murine inflammatory osteolysis in vivo. Mechanistically, we discovered that K270A mutation disrupts autophagy, stabilizes NEMO, and elevates inflammatory burden. Specifically, K270A directly or indirectly hinders binding of NEMO to ISG15, a ubiquitin-like protein, which we show targets the modified proteins to autophagy-mediated lysosomal degradation. Taken together, our findings suggest that NEMO serves as a toolkit to fine-tune specific signals in physiologic and pathologic conditions. The human skeleton contains over 200 bones that together act as an internal framework for the body. Over our lifetime, the body constantly removes older bone tissue from the skeleton and replaces it with new bone tissue. This “bone remodeling” also controls how bones are repaired after being damaged by injuries, disease or normal wear and tear. Cells known as osteoclasts are responsible for breaking down old bone tissue and participate in repairing damaged bone. A cellular pathway known as NF-kB signaling stimulates other cells called “bone marrow macrophages” to become osteoclasts. A certain level of NF-kB signaling is required to maintain a healthy skeleton. However, under certain inflammatory conditions, the level of NF-kB signaling becomes too high causing hyperactive osteoclasts to accumulate and inflict severe bone breakdown. This abnormal osteoclast activity leads to eroded and fragile bones and joints, as is the case in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. Previous studies have shown that a protein called NEMO is a core component of the NF-kB signal pathway, but the precise role of NEMO in the diseased response remained unclear. Adapala, Swarnkar, Arra et al. have now used site-directed mutagenesis approach to study the role of NEMO in bone marrow macrophages in mice. The experiments showed that one specific site within the NEMO protein, referred to as lysine 270, is crucial for its role in controlling osteoclasts and the breakdown of bone tissue. Mutating NEMO at lysine 270 led to uncontrolled NF-kB signaling in the bone marrow macrophages. Further experiments showed that lysine 270 served as a sensor to allow NEMO to bind another protein called ISG15, which in turn helped to decrease NF-kB signaling and slow down the erosion of the bone. These findings suggest that site-specific targeting of NEMO, rather than inhibiting the whole NF-kB pathway, may help to reduce the symptoms of bone disease while maintaining the beneficial roles of this essential pathway. However, additional research is required to identify NEMO sites responsible for controlling the inflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Suresh Adapala
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Gaurav Swarnkar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Manoj Arra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Bone and Mineral Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Ke Ke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States.,Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, United States
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Novack DV, Mbalaviele G. Osteoclasts-Key Players in Skeletal Health and Disease. Microbiol Spectr 2016; 4:10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0011-2015. [PMID: 27337470 PMCID: PMC4920143 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.mchd-0011-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of osteoclasts (OCs) from early myeloid progenitors is a tightly regulated process that is modulated by a variety of mediators present in the bone microenvironment. Once generated, the function of mature OCs depends on cytoskeletal features controlled by an αvβ3-containing complex at the bone-apposed membrane and the secretion of protons and acid-protease cathepsin K. OCs also have important interactions with other cells in the bone microenvironment, including osteoblasts and immune cells. Dysregulation of OC differentiation and/or function can cause bone pathology. In fact, many components of OC differentiation and activation have been targeted therapeutically with great success. However, questions remain about the identity and plasticity of OC precursors and the interplay between essential networks that control OC fate. In this review, we summarize the key principles of OC biology and highlight recently uncovered mechanisms regulating OC development and function in homeostatic and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Veis Novack
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Gabriel Mbalaviele
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine
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Wang C, Qu C, Alippe Y, Bonar SL, Civitelli R, Abu-Amer Y, Hottiger MO, Mbalaviele G. Poly-ADP-ribosylation-mediated degradation of ARTD1 by the NLRP3 inflammasome is a prerequisite for osteoclast maturation. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2153. [PMID: 27010854 PMCID: PMC4823959 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence implicates ARTD1 in cell differentiation, but its role in skeletal metabolism remains unknown. Osteoclasts (OC), the bone-resorbing cells, differentiate from macrophages under the influence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor-activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). We found that M-CSF induced ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria toxin-like 1 (ARTD1) auto-ADP-ribosylation in macrophages, a modification that marked ARTD1 for cleavage, and subsequently, for degradation upon RANKL exposure. We established that ARTD1 proteolysis was NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent, and occurred via the proteasome pathway. Since ARTD1 is cleaved at aspartate214, we studied the impact of ARTD1 rendered uncleavable by D214N substitution (ARTD1D214N) on skeletal homeostasis. ARTD1D214N, unlike wild-type ARTD1, was resistant to cleavage and degradation during osteoclastogenesis. As a result, ARTD1D214N altered histone modification and promoted the abundance of the repressors of osteoclastogenesis by interfering with the expression of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp1), the master regulator of anti-osteoclastogenic transcription factors. Importantly, ARTD1D214N-expressing mice exhibited higher bone mass compared with controls, owing to decreased osteoclastogenesis while bone formation was unaffected. Thus, unless it is degraded, ARTD1 represses OC development through transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - C Qu
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Y Alippe
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - S L Bonar
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - R Civitelli
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Y Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - M O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Mbalaviele
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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6
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Gallo J, Raska M, Konttinen YT, Nich C, Goodman SB. Innate immunity sensors participating in pathophysiology of joint diseases: a brief overview. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 2015; 24:297-317. [PMID: 25747032 DOI: 10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.2014010825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system consists of functionally specialized "modules" that are activated in response to a particular set of stimuli via sensors located on the surface or inside the tissue cells. These cells screen tissues for a wide range of exogenous and endogenous danger/damage-induced signals with the aim to reject or tolerate them and maintain tissue integrity. In this line of thinking, inflammation evolved as an adaptive tool for restoring tissue homeostasis. A number of diseases are mediated by a maladaptation of the innate immune response, perpetuating chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Here, we review recent evidence on the cross talk between innate immune sensors and development of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and aseptic loosening of total joint replacements. In relation to the latter topic, there is a growing body of evidence that aseptic loosening and periprosthetic osteolysis results from long-term maladaptation of periprosthetic tissues to the presence of by-products continuously released from an artificial joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Gallo
- Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc 775 20, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Yrjo T Konttinen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki and ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital of the Invalid Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christophe Nich
- Laboratoire de Biomecanique et Biomateriaux Osteo-Articulaires - UMR CNRS 7052, Faculte de Medecine - Universite Paris 7, Paris, France; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, European Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Stanford University Medical Center Redwood City, CA
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Sato T, Pajarinen J, Lin TH, Tamaki Y, Loi F, Egashira K, Yao Z, Goodman SB. NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide inhibits wear particle-induced inflammation in a murine calvarial model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3872-8. [PMID: 26123702 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Wear particles induce periprosthetic inflammation and osteolysis through activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), which up-regulates the downstream target gene expression for proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. It was hypothesized that direct suppression of NF-κB activity in the early phases of this disorder could be a therapeutic strategy for preventing the inflammatory response to wear particles, potentially mitigating osteolysis. NF-κB activity can be suppressed via competitive binding with double stranded NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) that blocks this transcription factor from binding to the promoter regions of targeted genes. In this murine calvarial study, clinically relevant polyethylene particles (PEs) with/without ODN were subcutaneously injected over the calvarial bone. In the presence of PE particles, macrophages migrated to the inflammatory site and induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression, resulting in an increase in the number of osteoclasts. Local injections of ODN mitigated the expression of TNF-α, RANKL, and induced the expression of two anti-inflammatory, antiresorptive cytokines: interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and osteoprotegerin. Local intervention with NF-κB decoy ODN in early cases of particle-induced inflammation in which the prosthesis is still salvageable may potentially preserve periprosthetic bone stock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jukka Pajarinen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Tzu-hua Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Yasunobu Tamaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Florence Loi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Kensuke Egashira
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB is a family of proteins involved in signaling pathways essential for normal cellular functions and development. Deletion of various components of this pathway resulted with abnormal skeletal development. Research in the last decade has established that NF-κB signaling mediates RANK ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis. Consistently, it was shown that inhibition of NF-κB was an effective approach to inhibit osteoclast formation and bone resorptive activity. Identification of the molecular machinery underlying NF-κB activation permitted osteoclast-specific deletion of the major components of this pathway. As a result, it was clear that deletion of members of the proximal IKK kinase complex and the distal NF-κB subunits and downstream regulators affected skeletal development. These studies provided several targets of therapeutic intervention in osteolytic diseases. NF-κB activity has been also described as the centerpiece of inflammatory responses and is considered a potent mediator of inflammatory osteolysis. Indeed, inflammatory insults exacerbate physiologic RANKL-induced NF-κB signals leading to exaggerated responses and to inflammatory osteolysis. These superimposed NF-κB activities appear to underlie several bone pathologies. This review will describe the individual roles of NF-κB molecules in bone resorption and inflammatory osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Zhang Y, Otero JE, Abu-Amer Y. Ubiquitin-like domain of IKKβ regulates osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis. Calcif Tissue Int 2013; 93:78-85. [PMID: 23686246 PMCID: PMC3706195 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB family is central for osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory osteolysis. Activation of NF-κB dimers is regulated by a kinase complex predominantly containing IKKα (IKK1), IKKβ (IKK2), and a regulatory subunit, IKKγ/NEMO. IKKα and IKKβ catalyze the cytoplasmic liberation and nuclear translocation of various NF-κB subunits. The requirement of IKKα and IKKβ for normal bone homeostasis has been established. Congruently, mice devoid of IKKα or IKKβ exhibit in vitro and in vivo defects in osteoclastogenesis, and IKKβ-null mice are refractory to inflammatory arthritis and osteolysis. To better understand the molecular mechanism underlying IKKβ function in bone homeostasis and bone pathologies, we conducted structure-function analysis to determine IKKβ functional domains in osteoclasts. IKKβ encompasses several domains, of which the ubiquitination-like domain (ULD) has been shown essential for IKKβ activation. In this study, we examined the role of ULD in IKKβ-mediated NF-κB activation in osteoclast precursors and its contribution to osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis. We generated and virally introduced IKKβ in which the ULD domain has been deleted (IKKβ∆ULD) into osteoclast progenitors. The results show that deletion of ULD diminishes IKKβ activity and that IKKβ∆ULD strongly inhibits osteoclastogenesis. In addition, unlike wild type (WT)-IKKβ, IKKβ∆ULD fail to restore RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by IKKβ-null precursors. Finally, we provide evidence that IKKβ∆ULD blocks inflammatory osteolysis in a model of murine calvarial osteolysis. Thus, we identified the ULD as crucial for IKKβ activity and osteoclastogenesis and found that ULD-deficient IKKβ is a potent inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Medicine, Raritan Bay Medical Center, 530 New Brunswick Ave, Perth Amboy, NJ 08861
| | - Jesse E. Otero
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Yousef Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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