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Wen J, Ping H, Kong X, Chai W. Developmental dysplasia of the hip: A systematic review of susceptibility genes and epigenetics. Gene 2023; 853:147067. [PMID: 36435507 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a complex developmental deformity whose pathogenesis and susceptibility-related genes have yet to be elucidated. This systematic review summarizes the current literature on DDH-related gene mutations, animal model experiments, and epigenetic changes in DDH. METHODS We performed a comprehensive search of relevant documents in the Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect databases covering the period from October 1991 to October 2021. We analyzed basic information on the included studies and summarized the DDH-related mutation sites, animal model experiments, and epigenetic changes associated with DDH. RESULTS A total of 63 studies were included in the analysis, of which 54 dealt with the detection of gene mutations, 7 presented details of animal experiments, and 6 were epigenetic studies. No genetic mutations were clearly related to the pathogenesis of DDH, including the most frequently studied genes on chromosomes 1, 17, and 20. Most gene-related studies were performed in Han Chinese or North American populations, and the quality of these studies was medium or low. GDF5 was examined in the greatest number of studies, and mutation sites with odds ratios > 10 were located on chromosomes 3, 9, and 13. Six mutations were found in animal experiments (i.e., CX3CR1, GDF5, PAPPA2, TENM3, UFSP2, and WISP3). Epigenetics research on DDH has focused on GDF5 promoter methylation, three microRNAs (miRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs. In addition, there was also a genetic test for miRNA and mRNA sequencing. CONCLUSIONS DDH is a complex joint deformity with a considerable genetic component whose early diagnosis is significant for preventing disease. At present, no genes clearly involved in the pathogenesis of DDH have been identified. Research on mutations associated with this condition is progressing in the direction of in vivo experiments in animal models to identify DDH susceptibility genes and epigenetics analyses to provide novel insights into its pathogenesis. In the future, genetic profiling may improve matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hangyu Ping
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Wei Chai
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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Whole exome sequencing of 28 families of Danish descent reveals novel candidate genes and pathways in developmental dysplasia of the hip. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:329-342. [PMID: 36454308 PMCID: PMC9938029 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common condition involving instability of the hip with multifactorial etiology. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical as undetected DDH is an important cause of long-term hip complications. Better diagnostics may be achieved through genetic methods, especially for patients with positive family history. Several candidate genes have been reported but the exact molecular etiology of the disease is yet unknown. In the present study, we performed whole exome sequencing of DDH patients from 28 families with at least two affected first-degree relatives. Four genes previously not associated with DDH (METTL21B, DIS3L2, PPP6R2, and TM4SF19) were identified with the same variants shared among affected family members, in more than two families. Among known association genes, we found damaging variants in DACH1, MYH10, NOTCH2, TBX4, EVC2, OTOG, and SHC3. Mutational burden analysis across the families identified 322 candidate genes, and enriched pathways include the extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, ion-binding, and detection of mechanical stimulus. Taken altogether, our data suggest a polygenic mode of inheritance for DDH, and we propose that an impaired transduction of the mechanical stimulus is involved in the etiopathological mechanism. Our findings refine our current understanding of candidate causal genes in DDH, and provide a foundation for downstream functional studies.
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Yang W, Jin G, Qian K, Zhang C, Zhi W, Yang D, Lu Y, Han J. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of susceptibility genes for developmental dysplasia of the hip. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2022; 11:70-80. [PMID: 35702583 PMCID: PMC9161127 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2022.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a multifactorial disease, which occurs under environmental and genetic influence. The etiopathogenesis of DDH has not been fully explained. As research progresses, many candidate genes have been found to be closely related to the occurrence of DDH. In this study, we comprehensively examined 16 susceptibility genes of DDH using bioinformatics. COL1A1 encodes the pro-alpha1 chains of type I collagen, which is the major protein component of the bone extracellular matrix (ECM). The genes displaying the most statistically significant co-expression link to COL1A1 are ASPN, TGFB1, DKK1, IL-6, TENM3 and GDF5. DKK1, FRZB and WISP3 are components of the Wnt signaling pathway. CX3CR1 and GDF5 regulate chondrogenesis through the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. ASPN could induce collagen mineralization through binding with collagen and calcium. Integrated bioinformatics analysis indicates that ECM, Wnt signaling pathway and TGF-β signaling pathway are involved in the occurrence of DDH. These provide a basis for further exploring the pathogenesis of DDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Guiyang Jin
- Department of General Education, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Keying Qian
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Wei Zhi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yanqin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
- Address correspondence to:Yanqin Lu and Jinxiang Han, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250013, China. E-mail: (YL), (JH)
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
- Address correspondence to:Yanqin Lu and Jinxiang Han, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250013, China. E-mail: (YL), (JH)
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Wilkinson JM, Zeggini E. The Genetic Epidemiology of Joint Shape and the Development of Osteoarthritis. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:257-276. [PMID: 32393986 PMCID: PMC8403114 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Congruent, low-friction relative movement between the articulating elements of a synovial joint is an essential pre-requisite for sustained, efficient, function. Where disorders of joint formation or maintenance exist, mechanical overloading and osteoarthritis (OA) follow. The heritable component of OA accounts for ~ 50% of susceptible risk. Although almost 100 genetic risk loci for OA have now been identified, and the epidemiological relationship between joint development, joint shape and osteoarthritis is well established, we still have only a limited understanding of the contribution that genetic variation makes to joint shape and how this modulates OA risk. In this article, a brief overview of synovial joint development and its genetic regulation is followed by a review of current knowledge on the genetic epidemiology of established joint shape disorders and common shape variation. A summary of current genetic epidemiology of OA is also given, together with current evidence on the genetic overlap between shape variation and OA. Finally, the established genetic risk loci for both joint shape and osteoarthritis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Harsanyi S, Zamborsky R, Kokavec M, Danisovic L. Genetics of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103990. [PMID: 32540376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the advances in the molecular analyses and sequencing techniques allowed researchers to study developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) more thoroughly. Certain chromosomes, genes, loci and polymorphisms are being associated with variable severity of this disorder. The wide range of signs and symptoms is dependent either on isolated or systemic manifestation. Phenotypes of isolated cases range from only a mild ligamental laxity, through subluxation, to a complete dislocation of the femoral head. Systemic manifestation is connected to various forms of skeletal dysplasia and other malformations characterized by significant genetic aberrations. To reveal the background of DDH heredity, multiple studies focused on large sample sizes with an emphasis on the correlation between genotype, phenotype and continuous clinical examination. Etiological risk factors that have been observed and documented in patients include genetic, environmental, and mechanical factors, which significantly contribute to the familial or nonfamilial occurrence and phenotypic variability of this disorder. Still, the multifactorial etiology and pathogenesis of DDH are not yet sufficiently clarified, explained, or understood. Formation of connective tissue, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and all other affected pathways and variations in the function of their individual elements contribute to the creation of the pathology in a developing human body. This review article presents an up-to-date list of known DDH associated genes, their products, and functional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Harsanyi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Radoslav Zamborsky
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Institute of Children's Diseases, Limbova 1, 833 40, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Milan Kokavec
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Institute of Children's Diseases, Limbova 1, 833 40, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Genetic variant of COL11A2 gene is functionally associated with developmental dysplasia of the hip in Chinese Han population. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7694-7703. [PMID: 32396528 PMCID: PMC7244083 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common skeletal disorder. This study was conducted to demonstrate the association between DDH and a polymorphism rs9277935 of COL11A2 gene. RESULTS A significant difference in genotype distribution in a recessive model (TT+GT vs. GG) between two groups (P=0.017) was demonstrated. Analysis in female patients showed significantly greater frequency of minor allele G(0.49 vs. 0.43, p=0.024) and significantly higher distribution of GG genotype (p=0.006). DDH patients were found to have significantly lower COL11A2 expression than controls. Moreover, DDH patients with rs9277935 genotype TT have a significantly increased expression of COL11A2 than those with genotype GG. COL11A2 demonstrated chondrogenic properties in vitro. CONCLUSION Polymorphism rs9277935 of gene COL11A2 is a functional variant regulating the expression and the chondrogenic properties of COL11A2 in DDH in Chinese Han population. METHODS A case-control candidate gene association study was conducted in 945 patients (350 radiologically confirmed DDH patients and 595 healthy controls). Difference of COL11A2 expression in hip joint tissue was compared between the patients and the controls. Allelic difference in Col11a2 expression by rs9277935 was assessed with luciferase activity. Chondrogenic effects of Col11a2 signaling on BMSCs were also determined in vitro.
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Harsanyi S, Zamborsky R, Krajciova L, Kokavec M, Danisovic L. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Review of Etiopathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Genetic Aspects. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2020; 56:medicina56040153. [PMID: 32244273 PMCID: PMC7230892 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most frequent skeletal anomalies, developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is characterized by a considerable range of pathology, from minor laxity of ligaments in the hip joint to complete luxation. Multifactorial etiology, of which the candidate genes have been studied the most, poses a challenge in understanding this disorder. Candidate gene association studies (CGASs) along with genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and genome-wide linkage analyses (GWLAs) have found numerous genes and loci with susceptible DDH association. Studies put major importance on candidate genes associated with the formation of connective tissue (COL1A1), osteogenesis (PAPPA2, GDF5), chondrogenesis (UQCC1, ASPN) and cell growth, proliferation and differentiation (TGFB1). Recent studies show that epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation affect gene expression and therefore could play an important role in DDH pathogenesis. This paper reviews all existing risk factors affecting DDH incidence, along with candidate genes associated with genetic or epigenetic etiology of DDH in various studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Harsanyi
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811-08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (L.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-59357-299
| | - Radoslav Zamborsky
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Institute of Children’s Diseases, 833-40 Bratislava, Slovakia; (R.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Lubica Krajciova
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811-08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (L.D.)
| | - Milan Kokavec
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Institute of Children’s Diseases, 833-40 Bratislava, Slovakia; (R.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811-08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.K.); (L.D.)
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Kenanidis E, Gkekas NK, Karasmani A, Anagnostis P, Christofilopoulos P, Tsiridis E. Genetic Predisposition to Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip. J Arthroplasty 2020; 35:291-300.e1. [PMID: 31522852 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2019.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiopathogenesis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) has not been clarified. This systematic review evaluated current literature concerning all known chromosomes, loci, genes, and their polymorphisms that have been associated or not with the prevalence and severity of DDH. METHODS Following the established methodology of Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched from inception to January 2019. RESULTS Forty-five studies were finally included. The majority of genetic studies were candidate gene association studies assessing Chinese populations with moderate methodological quality. Among the most frequently studied are the first, third, 12th,17th, and 20th chromosomes. No gene was firmly associated with DDH phenotype. Studies from different populations often report conflicting results on the same single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The SNP rs143384 of GDF5 gene on chromosome 20 demonstrated the most robust relationship with DDH phenotype in association studies. The highest odds of coinheritance in linkage studies have been reported for regions of chromosome 3 and 13. Five SNPs have been associated with the severity of DDH. Animal model studies validating previous human findings provided suggestive evidence of an inducing role of mutations of the GDF5, CX3CR1, and TENM3 genes in DDH etiopathogenesis. CONCLUSION DDH is a complex disorder with environmental and genetic causes. However, no firm correlation between genotype and DDH phenotype currently exists. Systematic genome evaluation in studies with larger sample size, better methodological quality, and assessment of DDH patients is necessary to clarify the DDH heredity. The role of next-generation sequencing techniques is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eustathios Kenanidis
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Greece; Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nifon K Gkekas
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Greece; Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Areti Karasmani
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Anagnostis
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Greece
| | | | - Eleftherios Tsiridis
- Centre of Orthopaedic and Regenerative Medicine (CORE), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI)-Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Balkan Center, Greece; Academic Orthopaedic Department, Aristotle University Medical School, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Gkiatas I, Boptsi A, Tserga D, Gelalis I, Kosmas D, Pakos E. Developmental dysplasia of the hip: a systematic literature review of the genes related with its occurrence. EFORT Open Rev 2019; 4:595-601. [PMID: 31754465 PMCID: PMC6836073 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.190006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is one of the most prevalent congenital malformations. It has a wide spectrum of anatomical abnormalities of the hip joint and is characterized by mild or incomplete formation of the acetabulum leading to laxity of the joint capsule, secondary deformity of the proximal femur and irreducible hip dislocation. It is the leading cause of early hip osteoarthritis in young individuals. Both genetic and environmental factors have been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of DDH. A high prevalence is present in Asian, Caucasian, Mediterranean and American populations, with females being more frequently affected. We evaluated a variety of genetic studies indexed in the PubMed database. Several susceptive genes, including WISP3, PAPPA2, HOXB9, HOXD9, GDF5, TGF Beta 1, CX3CR1, UQCC, COL1A1, TbX4 and ASPN have been identified as being associated with the development of DDH. Moreover, genetic association has also been reported between hip dysplasia and other comorbidities. Even though genetic components are a crucial part in the aetiology of DDH, several DDH susceptibility genes need further investigation. The purpose of this review is to present current literature evidence regarding genes responsible for DDH development.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:595-601. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.190006
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Gkiatas
- Orthopaedic Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anastasia Boptsi
- Orthopaedic Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitra Tserga
- Orthopaedic Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Gelalis
- Orthopaedic Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kosmas
- Orthopaedic Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Emilios Pakos
- Orthopaedic Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Sun Y, You Y, Dai K, Zhang J, Yan M, Zhang Y. Genetic variant of WIF1 gene is functionally associated with developmental dysplasia of the hip in Han Chinese population. Sci Rep 2019; 9:285. [PMID: 30670715 PMCID: PMC6342943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common skeletal disorder. Studies have demonstrated a significant role of WIF1 gene in skeletal development. The present study was conducted to reveal the association between DDH and gene WIF1. A two-stage case-control candidate gene association study was conducted in total 1573 samples (586 DDH patients and 987 healthy controls) in this study. Polymorphism rs3782499 was genotyped in all samples. Difference of WIF1 expression in hip joint tissue was compared between the patients and the controls. WIF1 expression was compared among different genotypes in DDH patients. The SNP rs3782499 was found significantly associated with DDH in the two-stage study with 585 patients and 987 controls. There was a significant difference in allele frequency (p = 4.37 * 10-5) and genotype distribution in a recessive model (AG + GG vs. AA). DDH patients were found to have significantly higher WIF1 expression than controls. Moreover, Patients with rs3782499 genotype AA have a significantly increased expression of WIF1 than those with GG. To conclude, polymorphism rs3782499 of WIF1 gene is a functional variant regulating the expression of WIF1 in DDH in Chinese Han population, which might be a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of DDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yongqing You
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, North District of Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Kerong Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Junxin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Moqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
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Yan W, Hao Z, Tang S, Dai J, Zheng L, Yu P, Yan W, Han X, Xu X, Shi D, Ikegawa S, Teng H, Jiang Q. A genome-wide association study identifies new genes associated with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Clin Genet 2019; 95:345-355. [PMID: 30511388 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is one of the most common congenital malformations and covers a spectrum of hip disorders from mild dysplasia to irreducible dislocation. The pathological mechanisms of DDH are poorly understood, which hampers the development of diagnostic tools and treatments. To gain insight into its disease mechanism, we explored the potential biological processes that underlie DDH by integrating pathway analysis tools and performing a genome-wide association study (GWAS). A total of 406 DDH-associated genes (P < 0.001) were identified by our GWAS using a Chinese Han cohort consisting of 386 DDH cases and 500 healthy controls (Set A). We verified the significant loci (P < 10-5 ) in another Chinese Han cohort consisting of 574 DDH patients and 569 healthy controls (Set B). An intronic Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) (rs61930502) showed significant association in Set A and Set B (P = 2.65 × 10-7 and 2.0 × 10-4 , respectively). The minor allele, rs61930502-A, which tended to prevent DDH showed a dominant effect. Heat shock 70 kDa protein 8 (HSPA8) showed the most direct interactions with other proteins which were coded by DDH-associated genes in the protein-protein interaction analysis. Interestingly, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis suggested a relation between DDH and the genes involved in type II diabetes mellitus pathway (P = 0.0067). Our genetic and protein interaction evidence could open avenues for future studies of DDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Hao
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip, Nanjing Zhongyangmen Community Health Service Center, Kang'ai Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyan Tang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengjun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingquan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongquan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Huajian Teng
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Zhang J, Yan M, Zhang Y, Yang H, Sun Y. Association analysis on polymorphisms in WISP3 gene and developmental dysplasia of the hip in Han Chinese population: A case-control study. Gene 2018; 664:192-195. [PMID: 29680248 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common skeletal disorder whereby genetic factors play a role in etiology. Multiple genes have been reported to be associated with the occurrence of DDH. WISP3 gene was found to be a causative gene for progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPD). Reports of WISP3 gene in association with DDH are lacking. We conducted a case-control candidate gene association study enrolling three hundred and eighty-six patients with radiology confirmed DDH and 558 healthy controls. Additional haplotype-analysis was conducted to find the significant haplotype for DDH. Five SNPs rs69306665 (upstream of WISP3), rs1022313 (WISP3), rs1230345 (WISP3), rs17073268 (WISP3) and rs10456877 (downstream of WISP3) were identified for association with DDH, showing significant difference of allele frequencies with similar odds ratio ranging from 0.71 to 0.77 (p < 0.01) between cases and controls. Two haplotypes were identified between cases and controls through haplotype analysis: AAAAA with an odds ratio of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.60-0.98, p = 0.032299) and GGCGG with an odds ratio of 1.67 (95% CI: 1.37-2.04, p = 3.67 ∗ 10-7). The results suggested WISP3 gene was associated with DDH in Chinese Han population. GGCGG haplotype might be a biomarker for DDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Zhang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Moqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Ye Sun
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.
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13
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Genetic association study of common variants in TGFB1 and IL-6 with developmental dysplasia of the hip in Han Chinese population. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10287. [PMID: 28860542 PMCID: PMC5579245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a congenital or developmental deformation or misalignment of the hip joint that is affected by environmental and genetic factors. Recently, polymorphisms in both TGFB1 and IL-6 have been identified as being significantly associated with hip osteoarthritis in Caucasians. In this study, we conducted a case-control study involving 4,206 Han Chinese individuals to investigate the effects of TGFB1 and IL-6 on the disease status and severity of DDH. A total of 32 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected to ensure coverage of the two genetic loci. We found SNP rs1800470 in TGFB1 (OR = 1.255, P = 0.0004) and rs1800796 (OR = 0.84, P = 0.0228) in IL-6 to be significantly associated with DDH in this cohort. Further haplotype-based analysis replicated this significant result. Another SNP in IL-6, rs1800796, showed a marginally significant association with DDH. As a non-synonymous SNP, rs1800470 alters the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide encoded by TGFB1; however, bioinformatics analyses revealed that this SNP has limited functional significance. No significant results were obtained in an association study focusing on the severity of DDH and epistasis analysis. Our findings support an important role for TGFB1 in the risk of DDH. Further research is needed to validate the weak association between rs1800796 in IL-6 and DDH.
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Huang M, Hayward JJ, Corey E, Garrison SJ, Wagner GR, Krotscheck U, Hayashi K, Schweitzer PA, Lust G, Boyko AR, Todhunter RJ. A novel iterative mixed model to remap three complex orthopedic traits in dogs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176932. [PMID: 28614352 PMCID: PMC5470659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hip dysplasia (HD), elbow dysplasia (ED), and rupture of the cranial (anterior) cruciate ligament (RCCL) are the most common complex orthopedic traits of dogs and all result in debilitating osteoarthritis. We reanalyzed previously reported data: the Norberg angle (a quantitative measure of HD) in 921 dogs, ED in 113 cases and 633 controls, and RCCL in 271 cases and 399 controls and their genotypes at ~185,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. A novel fixed and random model with a circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) function, with marker-based principal components and a kinship matrix to correct for population stratification, was used. A Bonferroni correction at p<0.01 resulted in a P< 6.96 ×10-8. Six loci were identified; three for HD and three for RCCL. An associated locus at CFA28:34,369,342 for HD was described previously in the same dogs using a conventional mixed model. No loci were identified for RCCL in the previous report but the two loci for ED in the previous report did not reach genome-wide significance using the FarmCPU model. These results were supported by simulation which demonstrated that the FarmCPU held no power advantage over the linear mixed model for the ED sample but provided additional power for the HD and RCCL samples. Candidate genes for HD and RCCL are discussed. When using FarmCPU software, we recommend a resampling test, that a positive control be used to determine the optimum pseudo quantitative trait nucleotide-based covariate structure of the model, and a negative control be used consisting of permutation testing and the identical resampling test as for the non-permuted phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huang
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jessica J. Hayward
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Corey
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Susan J. Garrison
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Gabriela R. Wagner
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Ursula Krotscheck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Schweitzer
- Sequencing Core, Biotechnology Resource Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - George Lust
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Adam R. Boyko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Chief Scientific Officer of Embark Veterinary Inc., Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rory J. Todhunter
- Cornell Veterinary Biobank, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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15
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Selection on different genes with equivalent functions: the convergence story told by Hox genes along the evolution of aquatic mammalian lineages. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:113. [PMID: 27209096 PMCID: PMC4875654 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Convergent evolution has been a challenging topic for decades, being cetaceans, pinnipeds and sirenians textbook examples of three independent origins of equivalent phenotypes. These mammalian lineages acquired similar anatomical features correlated to an aquatic life, and remarkably differ from their terrestrial counterparts. Whether their molecular evolutionary history also involved similar genetic mechanisms underlying such morphological convergence nevertheless remained unknown. To test for the existence of convergent molecular signatures, we studied the molecular evolution of Hox genes in these three aquatic mammalian lineages, comparing their patterns to terrestrial mammals. Hox genes are transcription factors that play a pivotal role in specifying embryonic regional identity of nearly any bilateral animal, and are recognized major agents for diversification of body plans. Results We detected few signatures of positive selection on Hox genes across the three aquatic mammalian lineages and verified that purifying selection prevails in these sequences, as expected for pleiotropic genes. Genes found as being positively selected differ across the aquatic mammalian lineages, but we identified a substantial overlap of their developmental functions. Such pattern likely resides on the duplication history of Hox genes, which probably provided different possible evolutionary routes for achieving the same phenotypic solution. Conclusions Our results indicate that convergence occurred at a functional level of Hox genes along three independent origins of aquatic mammals. This conclusion reinforces the idea that different changes in developmental genes may lead to similar phenotypes, probably due to the redundancy provided by the participation of Hox paralogous genes in several developmental functions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0682-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Basit S, Hannan MA, Khoshhal KI. Developmental dysplasia of the hip: usefulness of next generation genomic tools for characterizing the underlying genes - a mini review. Clin Genet 2016; 90:16-20. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Basit
- Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases; Almadinah Almunawwarah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M. A. Hannan
- Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases; Almadinah Almunawwarah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - K. I. Khoshhal
- College of Medicine; Taibah University; Almadinah Almunawwarah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Sekimoto T, Kurogi S, Funamoto T, Ota T, Watanabe S, Sakamoto T, Hamada H, Chosa E. Possible association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3' untranslated region of HOXB9 with acetabular overcoverage. Bone Joint Res 2015; 4:50-5. [PMID: 25833894 PMCID: PMC4413364 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.44.2000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Excessive acetabular coverage is the most common cause of pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement. To date, an association between acetabular over-coverage and genetic variations has not been studied. In this study we investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of paralogous Homeobox (HOX)9 genes and acetabular coverage in Japanese individuals to identify a possible genetic variation associated with acetabular over-coverage. METHODS We investigated 19 total SNPs in the four HOX9 paralogs, then focused in detail on seven of those located in the 3' untranslated region of HOXB9 (rs8844, rs3826541, rs3826540, rs7405887, rs2303485, rs2303486, rs79931349) using a case-control association study. The seven HOXB9 SNPs were genotyped in 316 subjects who had all undergone radiological examination. The association study was performed by both single-locus and haplotype-based analyses. RESULTS The genotype and allele frequencies of the five HOXB9 SNPs showed significant association with acetabular over-coverage compared with controls (rs7405887 OR = 3.16, p = 5.29E-6, 95% CI 1.91 to 5.25). A significant difference was also detected when haplotypes were evaluated (OR = 2.59, p = 2.61E-5, 95% CI 1.65 to 4.08). The two HOXB9 SNPs (rs2303485, rs2303486) were associated with decreased acetabular coverage (rs2303485 OR = 0.524, p = 0.0091, 95% CI 0.322 to 0.855; rs2303486 OR = 0.519, p = 0.011, 95% CI 0.312 to 0.865). CONCLUSIONS The five HOXB9 SNPs (rs8844, rs3826541, rs3826540, rs7405887, rs79931349) were associated with acetabular over-coverage. On the other hand, the two SNPs (rs2303485 and rs2303486) were associated with the lower acetabular coverage. The association of rs2303486 would be consistent with the previous study. Therefore, the HOXB9 SNPs might be involved in the morphogenesis of acetabular coverage, and could be an independent risk factor for developing pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:50-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sekimoto
- University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - S Kurogi
- University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - T Funamoto
- University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - T Ota
- University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - T Sakamoto
- University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - H Hamada
- University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
| | - E Chosa
- University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
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