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Brady RD, Zhao MZ, Wong KR, Casilla-Espinosa PM, Yamakawa GR, Wortman RC, Sun M, Grills BL, Mychasiuk R, O'Brien TJ, Agoston DV, Lee PVS, McDonald SJ, Robinson DL, Shultz SR. A novel rat model of heterotopic ossification after polytrauma with traumatic brain injury. Bone 2020; 133:115263. [PMID: 32032779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurological heterotopic ossification (NHO) is characterized by abnormal bone growth in soft tissue and joints in response to injury to the central nervous system. The ectopic bone frequently causes pain, restricts mobility, and decreases the quality of life for those affected. NHO commonly develops in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, particularly in the presence of concomitant musculoskeletal injuries (i.e. polytrauma). There are currently no animal models that accurately mimic these combinations of injuries, which has limited our understanding of NHO pathobiology, as well as the development of biomarkers and treatments, in TBI patients. In order to address this shortcoming, here we present a novel rat model that combines TBI, femoral fracture, and muscle crush injury. Young adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three different injury groups: triple sham-injury, peripheral injury only (i.e., sham-TBI + fracture + muscle injury) or triple injury (i.e., TBI + fracture + muscle injury). Evidence of ectopic bone in the injured hind-limb, as confirmed by micro-computed tomography (μCT), was found at 6-weeks post-injury in 70% of triple injury rats, 20% of peripheral injury rats, and 0% of the sham-injured controls. Furthermore, the triple injury rats had higher ectopic bone severity scores than the sham-injured group. This novel model will provide a platform for future studies to identify underlying mechanisms, biomarkers, and develop evidence based pharmacological treatments to combat this debilitating long-term complication of TBI and polytrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Michael Z Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ker R Wong
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pablo M Casilla-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn R Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan C Wortman
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian L Grills
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Denes V Agoston
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter V S Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dale L Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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2
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Wu S, Zhou R, Zhou F, Streubel PN, Chen S, Duan B. Electrospun thymosin Beta-4 loaded PLGA/PLA nanofiber/ microfiber hybrid yarns for tendon tissue engineering application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 106:110268. [PMID: 31753373 PMCID: PMC7061461 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Microfiber yarns (MY) have been widely employed to construct tendon tissue grafts. However, suboptimal ultrastructure and inappropriate environments for cell interactions limit their clinical application. Herein, we designed a modified electrospinning device to coat poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA nanofibers onto polylactic acid (PLA) MY to generate PLGA/PLA hybrid yarns (HY), which had a well-aligned nanofibrous structure, resembling the ultrastructure of native tendon tissues and showed enhanced failure load compared to PLA MY. PLGA/PLA HY significantly improved the growth, proliferation, and tendon-specific gene expressions of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (HADMSC) compared to PLA MY. Moreover, thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) loaded PLGA/PLA HY presented a sustained drug release manner for 28 days and showed an additive effect on promoting HADMSC migration, proliferation, and tenogenic differentiation. Collectively, the combination of Tβ4 with the nano-topography of PLGA/PLA HY might be an efficient strategy to promote tenogenesis of adult stem cells for tendon tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wu
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; College of Textiles & Clothing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biomass Fibers, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biomass Fibers, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Industrial Research Institute of Nonwoven & Technical Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biomass Fibers, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Philipp N Streubel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shaojuan Chen
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biomass Fibers, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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3
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Brady RD, Wong KR, Robinson DL, Mychasiuk R, McDonald SJ, D'Cunha RA, Yamakawa GR, Sun M, Wark JD, Lee PVS, O'Brien TJ, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Shultz SR. Bone Health in Rats With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in the Absence of Anti-Epileptic Drugs. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1278. [PMID: 31749702 PMCID: PMC6842946 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Epilepsy patients often exhibit reduced bone mineral density and are at an increased risk of bone fracture. Whether these bone abnormalities are due to the use of anti-epileptic drugs (AED’s) or the disease itself is unknown. For example, although decreased bone health in epilepsy patients is generally attributed to the use of AED’s, seizures can also trigger a number of physiological processes that have the potential to affect bone. Therefore, to assess whether bone abnormalities occur in epilepsy in the absence of AED’s, the current study investigated mechanical characteristics and trabecular bone morphology in rats with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods: Ten-week old male Wistar rats underwent kainic acid-induced status epilepticus (SE; n = 7) or a sham procedure (n = 9). Rats were implanted with EEG recording electrodes at nine weeks post-SE, and video-EEG was continuously recorded for one week at 10- and 22-weeks post-SE to confirm that SE rats had spontaneous seizures. Open-field testing to assess locomotion was conducted at 23-weeks post-SE. At 24-weeks post-SE, rats were euthanized and tibia were extracted to determine trabecular morphology by micro-computed tomography (µCT), while femurs were used to investigate mechanical properties via 3-point bending. Results: All post-SE rats had spontaneous seizures at 10- and 22-weeks post-SE, while none of the sham rats had seizures. µCT trabecular analysis of tibia revealed no differences in total volume, bone volume, bone volume fraction, trabecular number, or trabecular separation between post-SE or sham rats, although post-SE rats did have increased trabecular thickness. There were also no group differences in total distance travelled in the open field suggesting that activity levels did not account for the increased trabecular thickness. In addition, no differences in mechanical properties of femurs were observed between the two groups. Conclusion: There was a lack of overt bone abnormalities in rats with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy in the absence of AED treatment. Although further studies are still needed, these findings may have important implications towards understanding the source (e.g., AED treatments) of bone abnormalities in epilepsy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ker Rui Wong
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dale L Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan A D'Cunha
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn R Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Wark
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Vee Sin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Li H, Li Q, Zhang X, Zheng X, Zhang Q, Hao Z. Thymosin β4 suppresses CCl4
-induced murine hepatic fibrosis by down-regulating transforming growth factor β receptor-II. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3043. [PMID: 29972714 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hanchao Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an; Shaanxi Province China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an; Shaanxi Province China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an; Shaanxi Province China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an; Shaanxi Province China
| | - Qiannan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an; Shaanxi Province China
| | - Zhiming Hao
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an; Shaanxi Province China
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McColl TJ, Brady RD, Shultz SR, Lovick L, Webster KM, Sun M, McDonald SJ, O'Brien TJ, Semple BD. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescent Mice Alters Skull Bone Properties to Influence a Subsequent Brain Impact at Adulthood: A Pilot Study. Front Neurol 2018; 9:372. [PMID: 29887828 PMCID: PMC5980957 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) are common during adolescence, and limited clinical evidence suggests that a younger age at first exposure to a mTBI may lead to worse long-term outcomes. In this study, we hypothesized that a mTBI during adolescence would predispose toward poorer neurobehavioral and neuropathological outcomes after a subsequent injury at adulthood. Mice received a mild weight drop injury (mTBI) at adolescence (postnatal day 35; P35) and/or at adulthood (P70). Mice were randomized to 6 groups: 'sham' (sham-surgery at P35 only); 'P35' (mTBI at P35 only); 'P35 + sham' (mTBI at P35 + sham at P70); 'sham + P70' (sham at P35 + mTBI at P70); 'sham + sham' (sham at both P35 and P70); or 'P35 + P70' (mTBI at both P35 and P70). Acute apnea and an extended righting reflex time confirmed a mTBI injury at P35 and/or P70. Cognitive, psychosocial, and sensorimotor function was assessed over 1-week post-injury. Injured groups performed similarly to sham controls across all tasks. Immunofluorescence staining at 1 week detected an increase in glial activation markers in Sham + P70 brains only. Strikingly, 63% of Sham + P70 mice exhibited a skull fracture at impact, compared to 13% of P35 + P70 mice. Micro computed tomography of parietal skull bones found that a mTBI at P35 resulted in increased bone volume and strength, which may account for the difference in fracture incidence. In summary, a single mTBI to the adolescent mouse brain did not exacerbate the cerebral effects of a subsequent mTBI in adulthood. However, the head impact at P35 induced significant changes in skull bone structure and integrity. These novel findings support future investigation into the consequences of mTBI on skull bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J McColl
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren Lovick
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kyria M Webster
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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6
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Sun M, Brady RD, Wright DK, Kim HA, Zhang SR, Sobey CG, Johnstone MR, O'Brien TJ, Semple BD, McDonald SJ, Shultz SR. Treatment with an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist mitigates neuroinflammation and brain damage after polytrauma. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:359-371. [PMID: 28782716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and long bone fracture are common in polytrauma. This injury combination in mice results in elevated levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and exacerbated neuropathology when compared to isolated-TBI. Here we examined the effect of treatment with an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in mice given a TBI and a concomitant tibial fracture (i.e., polytrauma). Adult male C57BL/6 mice were given sham-injuries or polytrauma and treated with saline-vehicle or IL-1ra (100mg/kg). Treatments were subcutaneously injected at 1, 6, and 24h, and then once daily for one week post-injury. 7-8 mice/group were euthanized at 48h post-injury. 12-16 mice/group underwent behavioral testing at 12weeks post-injury and MRI at 14weeks post-injury before being euthanized at 16weeks post-injury. At 48h post-injury, markers for activated microglia and astrocytes, as well as neutrophils and edema, were decreased in polytrauma mice treated with IL-1ra compared to polytrauma mice treated with vehicle. At 14weeks post-injury, MRI analysis demonstrated that IL-1ra treatment after polytrauma reduced volumetric loss in the injured cortex and mitigated track-weighted MRI markers for axonal injury. As IL-1ra (Anakinra) is approved for human use, it may represent a promising therapy in polytrauma cases involving TBI and fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujun Sun
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Hyun Ah Kim
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Shenpeng R Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, VIC 3083, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Maddison R Johnstone
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Bridgette D Semple
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Departments of Neuroscience and Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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7
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Zheng XY, Lv YF, Li S, Li Q, Zhang QN, Zhang XT, Hao ZM. Recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying thymosin β 4 suppresses experimental colitis in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:242-255. [PMID: 28127198 PMCID: PMC5236504 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i2.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the protective effect of a recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying thymosin β4 (AAV-Tβ4) on murine colitis via intracolonic administration.
METHODS AAV-Tβ4 was prepared and intracolonically used to mediate the secretory expression of Tβ4 in mouse colons. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was applied to induce the murine ulcerative colitis, and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) was used to establish a mouse colitis model resembling Crohn’s disease. The disease severity and colon injuries were observed and graded to reveal the effects of AAV-Tβ4 on colitis. The activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined using biochemical assays. Colonic levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 were measured using ELISA, and mucosal epithelial cell apoptosis and proliferation were detected by TUNEL assay and immunochemistry, respectively.
RESULTS Recombinant AAVs efficiently delivered LacZ and Tβ4 into the colonic tissues of the mice, and AAV-Tβ4 led to a strong expression of Tβ4 in mouse colons. In both the DSS and TNBS colitis models, AAV-Tβ4-treated mice displayed distinctly attenuated colon injuries and reduced apoptosis rate of colonic mucosal epithelia. AAV-Tβ4 significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltrations and relieved oxidative stress in the inflamed colons of the mice, as evidenced by decreases in MPO activity and MDA content and increases in SOD activity. AAV-Tβ4 also modulated colonic TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10 levels and suppressed the compensatory proliferation of colonic epithelial cells in DSS- and TNBS-treated mice.
CONCLUSION Tβ4 exerts a protective effect on murine colitis, indicating that AAV-Tβ4 could potentially be developed into a promising agent for the therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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8
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Brady RD, Shultz SR, Sun M, Romano T, van der Poel C, Wright DK, Wark JD, O'Brien TJ, Grills BL, McDonald SJ. Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Bone Loss in Rats. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:2154-2160. [PMID: 25686841 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the influence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on bone homeostasis; however, pathophysiological mechanisms involved in TBI have potential to be detrimental to bone. The current study assessed the effect of experimental TBI in rats on the quantity and quality of two different weight-bearing bones, the femur and humerus. Rats were randomly assigned into either sham or lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) groups. Open-field testing to assess locomotion was conducted at 1, 4, and 12 weeks post-injury, with the rats killed at 1 and 12 weeks post-injury. Bones were analyzed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), histomorphometric analysis, and three-point bending. pQCT analysis revealed that at 1 and 12 weeks post-injury, the distal metaphyseal region of femora from FPI rats had reduced cortical content (10% decrease at 1 week, 8% decrease at 12 weeks; p < 0.01) and cortical thickness (10% decrease at 1 week, 11% decrease at 12 weeks p < 0.001). There was also a 23% reduction in trabecular bone volume ratio at 1 week post-injury and a 27% reduction at 12 weeks post-injury in FPI rats compared to sham (p < 0.001). There were no differences in bone quantity and mechanical properties of the femoral midshaft between sham and TBI animals. There were no differences in locomotor outcomes, which suggested that post-TBI changes in bone were not attributed to immobility. Taken together, these findings indicate that this rat model of TBI was detrimental to bone and suggests a link between TBI and altered bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys D Brady
- 1 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University , Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- 2 Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- 2 Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tania Romano
- 1 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University , Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris van der Poel
- 1 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University , Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- 3 Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia .,4 The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Wark
- 2 Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- 2 Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian L Grills
- 1 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University , Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- 1 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University , Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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9
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Brady RD, Grills BL, Church JE, Walsh NC, McDonald AC, Agoston DV, Sun M, O'Brien TJ, Shultz SR, McDonald SJ. Closed head experimental traumatic brain injury increases size and bone volume of callus in mice with concomitant tibial fracture. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34491. [PMID: 27682431 PMCID: PMC5041102 DOI: 10.1038/srep34491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Concomitant traumatic brain injury (TBI) and long bone fracture are commonly observed in multitrauma and polytrauma. Despite clinical observations of enhanced bone healing in patients with TBI, the relationship between TBI and fracture healing remains poorly understood, with clinical data limited by the presence of several confounding variables. Here we developed a novel trauma model featuring closed-skull weight-drop TBI and concomitant tibial fracture in order to investigate the effect of TBI on fracture healing. Male mice were assigned into Fracture + Sham TBI (FX) or Fracture + TBI (MULTI) groups and sacrificed at 21 and 35 days post-injury for analysis of healing fractures by micro computed tomography (μCT) and histomorphometry. μCT analysis revealed calluses from MULTI mice had a greater bone and total tissue volume, and displayed higher mean polar moment of inertia when compared to calluses from FX mice at 21 days post-injury. Histomorphometric results demonstrated an increased amount of trabecular bone in MULTI calluses at 21 days post-injury. These findings indicate that closed head TBI results in calluses that are larger in size and have an increased bone volume, which is consistent with the notion that TBI induces the formation of a more robust callus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys D Brady
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Brian L Grills
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Jarrod E Church
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Nicole C Walsh
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Aaron C McDonald
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Denes V Agoston
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, VIC, 3086, Australia
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Shevtsov MA, Smagina LV, Kudriavtceva TA, Petlenko SV, Voronkina IV. Glu-Trp-ONa or its acylated analogue (R-Glu-Trp-ONa) administration enhances the wound healing in the model of chronic skin wounds in rabbits. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:1717-27. [PMID: 25848208 PMCID: PMC4374713 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s79665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The management of chronic skin wounds represents a major therapeutic challenge. The synthesized dipeptide (Glu-Trp-ONa) and its acylated analogue (R-Glu-Trp-ONa) were assessed in the model of nonhealing dermal wounds in rabbits in relation to their healing properties in wound closure. Following wound modeling, the rabbits received a course of intraperitoneal injections of Glu-Trp-ONa or R-Glu-Trp-ONa. Phosphate-buffered saline and Solcoseryl® were applied as negative and positive control agents, respectively. An injection of Glu-Trp-ONa and R-Glu-Trp-ONa decreased the period of wound healing in animals in comparison to the control and Solcoseryl-treated groups. Acylation of Glu-Trp-ONa proved to be beneficial as related to the healing properties of the dipeptide. Subsequent zymography analyses showed that the applied peptides decreased the proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-9, MMP-8, and MMP-2 in the early inflammatory phase and reversely increased the activity of MMP-9, MMP-8, and MMP-1 in the remodeling phase. Histological analyses of the wound sections (hematoxylin-eosin, Mallory's staining) confirmed the enhanced formation of granulation tissue and re-epithelialization in the experimental groups. By administering the peptides, wound closures increased significantly through the modulation of the MMPs' activity, indicating their role in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A Shevtsov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St Petersburg, Russia ; IP Pavlov State Medical University of St Petersburg, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Larisa V Smagina
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Kudriavtceva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the North-West Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (IEM NWB RAMS), St Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Irina V Voronkina
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St Petersburg, Russia
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