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Herbst EC, Evans LAE, Felder AA, Javaheri B, Pitsillides AA. 3D profiling of mouse epiphyses across ages reveals new potential imaging biomarkers of early spontaneous osteoarthritis. J Anat 2023; 242:1037-1050. [PMID: 36772893 PMCID: PMC10184544 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide research groups and funding bodies have highlighted the need for imaging biomarkers to predict osteoarthritis (OA) progression and treatment effectiveness. Changes in trabecular architecture, which can be detected with non-destructive high-resolution CT imaging, may reveal OA progression before apparent articular surface damage. Here, we analysed the tibial epiphyses of STR/Ort (OA-prone) and CBA (healthy, parental control) mice at different ages to characterise the effects of mouse age and strain on multiple bony parameters. We isolated epiphyseal components using a semi-automated method, and measured the total epiphyseal volume; cortical bone, trabecular bone and marrow space volumes; mean trabecular and cortical bone thicknesses; trabecular volume relative to cortical volume; trabecular volume relative to epiphyseal interior (trabecular BV/TV); and the trabecular degree of anisotropy. Using two-way ANOVA (significance level ≤0.05), we confirmed that all of these parameters change significantly with age, and that the two strains were significantly different in cortical and trabecular bone volumes, and trabecular degree of anisotropy. STR/Ort mice had higher cortical and trabecular volumes and a lower degree of anisotropy. As the two mouse strains reflect markedly divergent OA predispositions, these parameters have potential as bioimaging markers to monitor OA susceptibility and progression. Additionally, significant age/strain interaction effects were identified for total epiphyseal volume, marrow space volume and trabecular BV/TV. These interactions confirm that the two mouse strains have different epiphyseal growth patterns throughout life, some of which emerge prior to OA onset. Our findings not only propose valuable imaging biomarkers of OA, but also provide insight into ageing 3D epiphyseal architecture bone profiles and skeletal biology underlying the onset and development of age-related OA in STR/Ort mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C. Herbst
- Palaeontological Institute & MuseumUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Lucinda A. E. Evans
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Alessandro A. Felder
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
- Research Software Development Group, Advanced Research ComputingUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Behzad Javaheri
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Andrew A. Pitsillides
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
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Subchondral bone microenvironment in osteoarthritis and pain. Bone Res 2021; 9:20. [PMID: 33731688 PMCID: PMC7969608 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis comprises several joint disorders characterized by articular cartilage degeneration and persistent pain, causing disability and economic burden. The incidence of osteoarthritis is rapidly increasing worldwide due to aging and obesity trends. Basic and clinical research on osteoarthritis has been carried out for decades, but many questions remain unanswered. The exact role of subchondral bone during the initiation and progression osteoarthritis remains unclear. Accumulating evidence shows that subchondral bone lesions, including bone marrow edema and angiogenesis, develop earlier than cartilage degeneration. Clinical interventions targeting subchondral bone have shown therapeutic potential, while others targeting cartilage have yielded disappointing results. Abnormal subchondral bone remodeling, angiogenesis and sensory nerve innervation contribute directly or indirectly to cartilage destruction and pain. This review is about bone-cartilage crosstalk, the subchondral microenvironment and the critical role of both in osteoarthritis progression. It also provides an update on the pathogenesis of and interventions for osteoarthritis and future research targeting subchondral bone.
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Zhang Y, Liu S, Guo W, Wang M, Hao C, Gao S, Zhang X, Li X, Chen M, Jing X, Wang Z, Peng J, Lu S, Guo Q. Human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells combined with an acellular cartilage extracellular matrix scaffold improve cartilage repair compared with microfracture in a caprine model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:954-965. [PMID: 29391278 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As a novel and promising seed cell, human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJMSCs) are widely applied in tissue engineering. However, whether hWJMSCs can better repair and regenerate the articular cartilage in big animals than microfracture (MF, a predominant clinical treatment strategy for damaged cartilage) is unclear. Evaluation of the validity, and safety of hWJMSCs in a caprine model with a full-thickness femoral condyle articular cartilage defect, compared with MF is required. METHODS After cultivation and identification, hWJMSCs were seeded in an acellular cartilage extracellular matrix (ACECM)-oriented scaffold to construct cell-scaffold complex. Six goats with full-thickness femoral condyle articular cartilage defects were randomized to MF (microfracture group, MFG) and cell-scaffold complexes (experimental group, EG). At 2 and 4 weeks, joint fluid was used to assess immuno-inflammatory responses. At 6 and 9 months, all goats were euthanized for assessment of morphology, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histology staining, and evaluation of the elasticity modulus and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents of the repaired regions. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two groups in immuno-inflammatory parameters. MRI demonstrated higher-quality cartilage and complete subchondral bone at defect sites in the EG at 9 months. Histological staining showed that extracellular cartilage, cartilage lacuna and collagen type II levels were higher in the EG compared to the MFG, while the EG exhibited a higher elasticity modulus. CONCLUSIONS The hWJMSCs-ACECM scaffold complex achieved better quality repair and regeneration of hyaline cartilage without cartilage-inducing factor, while retaining the structure and functional integrity of the subchondral bone, compared with MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Gulou District, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - S Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - W Guo
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - M Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - C Hao
- Institute of Anesthesia, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - S Gao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing CN 154007, China
| | - X Zhang
- Shanxi Traditional Chinese, No. 46 Binzhou West Street, YingZe District, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - X Li
- School of Medicine, Naikai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - M Chen
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - X Jing
- First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Z Wang
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - J Peng
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - S Lu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Q Guo
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China.
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