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Sun G, Li Q, Yin Y, Fu W, He K, Pen X. Risk factors and predictive models for frozen shoulder. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15261. [PMID: 38956312 PMCID: PMC11220144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the risk factors associated with frozen shoulder (FS) and develop a predictive model for diagnosing FS, in order to facilitate early detection of the condition. A total of 103 patients diagnosed with FS and admitted to the Department of Joint Surgery at Suining Central Hospital between October 2021 and October 2023 were consecutively included in the study. Additionally, 309 individuals without shoulder joint diseases, matched for age and gender, who visited the department during the same time, were included as the control group.The complete recording of clinical data for all patients was followed by the utilization of statistical tests such as the Mann-Whitney U test, sample t test, and chi-square test to compare different groups. Additionally, multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of FS in patients, leading to the establishment of a prediction model and derivation of a simplified equation. The diagnostic effectiveness of individual indicators and prediction models was assessed through the use of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. In the sample of 103 individuals, 35 were identified as male and 68 as female, with an average age range of 40-70 years (mean age: 54.20 ± 6.82 years). The analysis conducted between different groups revealed that individuals with a low body mass index (BMI), in conjunction with other factors such as diabetes, cervical spondylosis, atherosclerosis, and hyperlipidemia, were more susceptible to developing FS. Logistic regression analysis further indicated that low BMI, diabetes, cervical spondylosis, and hyperlipidemia were significant risk factors for the occurrence of FS. These variables were subsequently incorporated into a predictive model, resulting in the creation of a simplified equation.The ROC curve demonstrated that the combined indicators in the predictive model exhibited superior diagnostic efficacy compared to single indicators, as evidenced by an area under the curve of 0.787, sensitivity of 62.1%, and specificity of 82.2%. Low BMI, diabetes, cervical spondylosis, and hyperlipidemia are significant risk factors associated with the occurrence of FS. Moreover, the utilization of a prediction model has demonstrated superior capability in forecasting the likelihood of FS compared to relying solely on individual indicators. This finding holds potential in offering valuable insights for the early diagnosis of FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Sun
- Department of Joint Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining City, 629000, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Qingshan Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining City, 629000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi Yin
- Department of Joint Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining City, 629000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weili Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ke He
- Department of Joint Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining City, 629000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xu Pen
- Department of Joint Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining City, 629000, Sichuan Province, China
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Yang S, Xie J, Pan Z, Guan H, Tu Y, Ye Y, Huang S, Fu S, Li K, Huang Z, Li X, Shi Z, Li L, Zhang Y. Advanced glycation end products promote meniscal calcification by activating the mTOR-ATF4 positive feedback loop. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:630-645. [PMID: 38424194 PMCID: PMC10985079 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The meniscus is vital for maintaining knee homeostasis and function. Meniscal calcification is one of the earliest radiological indicators of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and meniscal calcification is associated with alterations in biomechanical properties. Meniscal calcification originates from a biochemical process similar to vascular calcification. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors (RAGEs) reportedly play critical roles in vascular calcification. Herein, we investigated whether targeting AGE-RAGE is a potential treatment for meniscal calcification. In our study, we demonstrated that AGE-RAGE promotes the osteogenesis of meniscal cells and exacerbates meniscal calcification. Mechanistically, AGE-RAGE activates mTOR and simultaneously promotes ATF4 accumulation, thereby facilitating the ATF4-mTOR positive feedback loop that enhances the osteogenic capacity of meniscal cells. In this regard, mTOR inhibits ATF4 degradation by reducing its ubiquitination, while ATF4 activates mTOR by increasing arginine uptake. Our findings substantiate the unique role of AGE-RAGE in the meniscus and reveal the role of the ATF4-mTOR positive feedback loop during the osteogenesis of meniscal cells; these results provide potential therapeutic targets for KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - JiaJun Xie
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - ZhiJie Pan
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - HongMei Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - YueSheng Tu
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - YuanJian Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huizhou First Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - ShouBin Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huizhou First Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - ShiQiang Fu
- Huizhou First Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - KangXian Li
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - ZhiWei Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - XiaoQi Li
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - ZhanJun Shi
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Bačenková D, Trebuňová M, Demeterová J, Živčák J. Human Chondrocytes, Metabolism of Articular Cartilage, and Strategies for Application to Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17096. [PMID: 38069417 PMCID: PMC10707713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaline cartilage, which is characterized by the absence of vascularization and innervation, has minimal self-repair potential in case of damage and defect formation in the chondral layer. Chondrocytes are specialized cells that ensure the synthesis of extracellular matrix components, namely type II collagen and aggregen. On their surface, they express integrins CD44, α1β1, α3β1, α5β1, α10β1, αVβ1, αVβ3, and αVβ5, which are also collagen-binding components of the extracellular matrix. This article aims to contribute to solving the problem of the possible repair of chondral defects through unique methods of tissue engineering, as well as the process of pathological events in articular cartilage. In vitro cell culture models used for hyaline cartilage repair could bring about advanced possibilities. Currently, there are several variants of the combination of natural and synthetic polymers and chondrocytes. In a three-dimensional environment, chondrocytes retain their production capacity. In the case of mesenchymal stromal cells, their favorable ability is to differentiate into a chondrogenic lineage in a three-dimensional culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Bačenková
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia; (M.T.); (J.D.); (J.Ž.)
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Kaneguchi A, Ozawa J. Inflammation and Fibrosis Induced by Joint Remobilization, and Relevance to Progression of Arthrogenic Joint Contracture: A Narrative Review. Physiol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint immobilization is frequently administered after fractures and ligament injuries and can cause joint contracture as a side effect. The structures responsible for immobilization-induced joint contracture can be roughly divided into muscular and articular. During remobilization, although myogenic contracture recovers spontaneously, arthrogenic contracture is irreversible or deteriorates further. Immediately after remobilization, an inflammatory response is observed, characterized by joint swelling, deposit formation in the joint space, edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the upregulation of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines in the joint capsule. Subsequently, fibrosis in the joint capsule develops, in parallel with progressing arthrogenic contracture. The triggers of remobilization-induced joint inflammation are not fully understood, but two potential mechanisms are proposed: 1) micro-damage induced by mechanical stress in the joint capsule, and 2) nitric oxide (NO) production via NO synthase 2. Some interventions can modulate remobilization-induced inflammatory and subsequent fibrotic reactions. Anti-inflammatory treatments, such as steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and low-level laser therapy, can attenuate joint capsule fibrosis and the progression of arthrogenic contracture in remobilized joints. Antiproliferative treatment using the cell-proliferation inhibitor mitomycin C can also attenuate joint capsule fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast proliferation without suppressing inflammation. Conversely, aggressive exercise during the early remobilization phases is counterproductive, because it facilitates inflammatory and then fibrotic reactions in the joint. However, the adverse effects of aggressive exercise on remobilization-induced inflammation and fibrosis are offset by anti-inflammatory treatment. To prevent the progression of arthrogenic contracture during remobilization, therefore, care should be taken to control inflammatory and fibrotic reactions in the joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaneguchi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - J Ozawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Lou A, Wang L, Lai W, Zhu D, Wu W, Wang Z, Cai Z, Yang M. Advanced oxidation protein products induce inflammatory responses and invasive behaviour in fibroblast-like synoviocytes via the RAGE-NF-κB pathway. Bone Joint Res 2021; 10:259-268. [PMID: 33827262 PMCID: PMC8077182 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.104.bjr-2020-0085.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which mainly results from fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) dysfunction, is related to oxidative stress. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), which are proinflammatory mediators and a novel biomarker of oxidative stress, have been observed to accumulate significantly in the serum of RA patients. Here, we present the first investigation of the effects of AOPPs on RA-FLSs and the signalling pathway involved in AOPP-induced inflammatory responses and invasive behaviour. Methods We used different concentrations of AOPPs (50 to 200 µg/ml) to treat RA-FLSs. Cell migration and invasion and the expression levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and MMP-13 were investigated. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to analyze nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. Results AOPPs promoted RA-FLS migration and invasion in vitro and significantly induced the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-3, and MMP-13 in dose- and time-dependent manners. Moreover, AOPPs markedly activated the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 protein, which triggered inhibitory kappa B-alpha (IκBα) degradation, NF-κB p65 protein phosphorylation, and NF-κB p65 translocation into the nucleus. Furthermore, treatment with a neutralizing antibody specific to receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) significantly suppressed aggressive behaviour and inflammation, decreased TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-3, and MMP-13 expression, and blocked AOPP-induced NF-κB pathway activation. Conclusion The results indicate that AOPPs can enhance aggressive behaviour and the inflammatory response in RA-FLSs via the RAGE–NF-κB pathway. These results present AOPPs as a new class of potentially important mediators of progressive disease in RA patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(4):259–268.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiju Lou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Liwan Central Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Medical Technology and Related Equipment Research for Spinal Injury Treatment, City Key Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weinan Lai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - DingJi Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Weirong Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Liwan Central Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Medical Technology and Related Equipment Research for Spinal Injury Treatment, City Key Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihong Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Medical Technology and Related Equipment Research for Spinal Injury Treatment, City Key Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
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Kraal T, Lübbers J, van den Bekerom MPJ, Alessie J, van Kooyk Y, Eygendaal D, Koorevaar RCT. The puzzling pathophysiology of frozen shoulders - a scoping review. J Exp Orthop 2020; 7:91. [PMID: 33205235 PMCID: PMC7672132 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-020-00307-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The pathophysiology of frozen shoulders is a complex and multifactorial process. The purpose of this review is to scope the currently available knowledge of the pathophysiology of frozen shoulders. Methods A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase and the Cochrane library. Original articles published between 1994 and October 2020 with a substantial focus on the pathophysiology of frozen shoulders were included. Results Out of 827 records, 48 original articles were included for the qualitative synthesis of this review. Glenohumeral capsular biopsies were reported in 30 studies. Fifteen studies investigated were classified as association studies. Three studies investigated the pathophysiology in an animal studies. A state of low grade inflammation, as is associated with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and thyroid disorders, predisposes for the development of frozen shoulder. An early immune response with elevated levels of alarmins and binding to the receptor of advance glycation end products is present at the start of the cascade. Inflammatory cytokines, of which transforming growth factor-β1 has a prominent role, together with mechanical stress stimulates Fibroblast proliferation and differentiation into myofibroblasts. This leads to an imbalance of extracellular matrix turnover resulting in a stiff and thickened glenohumeral capsule with abundance of type III collagen. Conclusion This scoping review outlines the complexity of the pathophysiology of frozen shoulder. A comprehensive overview with background information on pathophysiologic mechanisms is given. Leads are provided to progress with research for clinically important prognostic markers and in search for future interventions. Level of evidence Level V.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kraal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands. .,, Haarlem, The Netherlands.
| | - J Lübbers
- Department of Molecular cell biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - J Alessie
- Avans University of Applied Science, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Y van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular cell biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Eygendaal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R C T Koorevaar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, the Netherlands
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Jump C, Malik RA, Anand A, Charalambous CP. Diabetes mellitus does not increase the risk of knee stiffness after total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of 7 studies including 246 053 cases. Knee Surg Relat Res 2019; 31:6. [PMID: 32660554 PMCID: PMC7219526 DOI: 10.1186/s43019-019-0004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Methods Results Conclusion Level of evidence
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Francia P, Toni S, Iannone G, Seghieri G, Piccini B, Vittori A, Santosuosso U, Casalini E, Gulisano M. Type 1 diabetes, sport practiced, and ankle joint mobility in young patients: What is the relationship? Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:801-808. [PMID: 29493073 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE It is known that patients with diabetes can develop limited joint mobility (LJM) and that this can depend on the metabolic control maintained and the duration of the disease. The aims of this study were to verify the presence of ankle joint mobility (AJM) deficits in both plantar and dorsiflexion in young type 1 diabetic patients (T1D) considering also the possible role of sport practiced as a further factor, able to modify AJM. METHODS AJM was evaluated by an inclinometer in 82 T1D patients (M/F: 48/34), mean age 12.9 ± 2.6 years, body mass index (BMI) 19.7 ± 3.6 kg/m2 , duration of diabetes 5.6 ± 3.3 years, mean HbA1c 7.5 ± 1.0% and in 226 healthy controls (M/F: 146/80), age-, gender-, and BMI-matched practicing different sports (soccer, volleyball, basketball, and dance). RESULTS The patients' ankle range of motion was significantly lower than that in controls (132.7 ± 22.3° vs 126.1 ± 17.9°; P < .017). In particular, ankle plantar flexion was significantly lower in the patients group (31.6° ± 7.9° vs 28.5° ± 6.6°; P < .002). Soccer players showed lower AJM in both groups: patients (120.1 ± 15.9° vs 127.3 ± 18.1) and controls (119.4 ± 21.1° vs 142.0 ± 18.1; P < .0001) than subjects practicing other sports or who were sedentary. In both groups, patients and controls, age, sex, duration of disease, hemoglobin 1Ac, and BMI have not been shown to be correlated to the mobility assessed. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study, in addition to confirming the negative effect of diabetes on AJM of young T1D patients, suggest that during these evaluations the sport-related effect should be considered because it can induce significant changes of AJM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiorgio Francia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sonia Toni
- Diabetes Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Iannone
- National Association of Movement Sciences (ANIMO), Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Vittori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ugo Santosuosso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Gulisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Shrishrimal S, Kosmacek EA, Chatterjee A, Tyson MJ, Oberley-Deegan RE. The SOD Mimic, MnTE-2-PyP, Protects from Chronic Fibrosis and Inflammation in Irradiated Normal Pelvic Tissues. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6040087. [PMID: 29113120 PMCID: PMC5745497 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelvic radiation for cancer therapy can damage a variety of normal tissues. In this study, we demonstrate that radiation causes acute changes to pelvic fibroblasts such as the transformation to myofibroblasts and the induction of senescence, which persist months after radiation. The addition of the manganese porphyrin, MnTE-2-PyP, resulted in protection of these acute changes in fibroblasts and this protection persisted months following radiation exposure. Specifically, at two months post-radiation, MnTE-2-PyP inhibited the number of α-smooth muscle actin positive fibroblasts induced by radiation and at six months post-radiation, MnTE-2-PyP significantly reduced collagen deposition (fibrosis) in the skin and bladder tissues of irradiated mice. Radiation also resulted in changes to T cells. At two months post-radiation, there was a reduction of Th1-producing splenocytes, which resulted in reduced Th1:Th2 ratios. MnTE-2-PyP maintained Th1:Th2 ratios similar to unirradiated mice. At six months post-radiation, increased T cells were observed in the adipose tissues. MnTE-2-PyP treatment inhibited this increase. Thus, MnTE-2-PyP treatment maintains normal fibroblast function and T cell immunity months after radiation exposure. We believe that one of the reasons MnTE-2-PyP is a potent radioprotector is due to its protection of multiple cell types from radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Shrishrimal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Kosmacek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Arpita Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - McDonald J Tyson
- Department of Physics & Cancer Research Center, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA.
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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