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Willbold E, Kalla K, Janning C, Bartsch I, Bobe K, Brauneis M, Haupt M, Reebmann M, Schwarze M, Remennik S, Shechtman D, Nellesen J, Tillmann W, Witte F. Dissolving magnesium hydroxide implants enhance mainly cancellous bone formation whereas degrading RS66 implants lead to prominent periosteal bone formation in rabbits. Acta Biomater 2024; 185:73-84. [PMID: 39053818 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Bone fractures often require internal fixation using plates or screws. Normally, these devices are made of permanent metals like titanium providing necessary strength and biocompatibility. However, they can also cause long-term complications and may require removal. An interesting alternative are biocompatible degradable devices, which provide sufficient initial strength and then degrade gradually. Among other materials, biodegradable magnesium alloys have been developed for craniofacial and orthopaedic applications. Previously, we tested implants made of magnesium hydroxide and RS66, a strong and ductile ZK60-based alloy, with respect to biocompatibility and degradation behaviour. Here, we compare the effects of dissolving magnesium hydroxide and RS66 cylinders on bone regeneration and bone growth in rabbit condyles using microtomographical and histological analysis. Both magnesium hydroxide and RS66 induced a considerable osteoblastic activity leading to distinct but different spatio-temporal patterns of cancellous and periosteal bone growth. Dissolving RS66 implants induced a prominent periosteal bone formation on the medial surface of the original condyle whereas dissolving magnesium hydroxide implants enhance mainly cancellous bone formation. Especially periosteal bone formation was completed after 6 and 8 weeks, respectively. The observed bone promoting functions are in line with previous reports of magnesium stimulating cancellous and periosteal bone growth and possible underlying signalling mechanisms are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biodegradable magnesium based implants are promising candidates for use in orthopedic and traumatic surgery. Although these implants are in the scientific focus for a long time, comparatively little is known about the interactions between degrading magnesium and the biological environment. In this work, we investigated the effects of two degrading cylindrical magnesium implants (MgOH2 and RS66) both on bone regeneration and on bone growth. Both MgOH2 and RS66 induce remarkable osteoblastic activities, however with different spatio-temporal patterns regarding cancellous and periosteal bone growth. We hypothesize that degradation products do not diffuse directionless away, but are transported by the restored blood flow in specific spatial patterns which is also dependent on the used surgical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmar Willbold
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Straße 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Katharina Kalla
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Straße 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Carla Janning
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Straße 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ivonne Bartsch
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Straße 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Bobe
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Straße 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria Brauneis
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Straße 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maike Haupt
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Straße 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mattias Reebmann
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Straße 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarze
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Straße 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sergei Remennik
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Dan Shechtman
- Department of Materials Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Jens Nellesen
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Technische Universität Dortmund, Leonhard-Euler-Straße 2, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Tillmann
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Technische Universität Dortmund, Leonhard-Euler-Straße 2, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Frank Witte
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Straße 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
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Tang T, Zhu Z, He Z, Wang F, Chen H, Liu S, Zhan M, Wang J, Tian W, Chen D, Wu X, Liu X, Zhou Z, Liu S. DLX5 regulates the osteogenic differentiation of spinal ligaments cells derived from ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament patients via NOTCH signaling. JOR Spine 2023; 6:e1247. [PMID: 37361333 PMCID: PMC10285757 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligaments (OPLL) is common disorder characterized by heterotopic ossification of the spinal ligaments. Mechanical stimulation (MS) plays an important role in OPLL. DLX5 is an essential transcription factor required for osteoblast differentiation. However, the role of DLX5 during in OPLL is unclear. This study aims to investigate whether DLX5 is associated with OPLL progression under MS. Methods Stretch stimulation was applied to spinal ligaments cells derived from OPLL (OPLL cells) and non-OPLL (non-OPLL cells) patients. Expression of DLX5 and osteogenesis-related genes were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The osteogenic differentiation ability of the cells was measured using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining. The protein expression of DLX5 in the tissues and the nuclear translocation of NOTCH intracellular domain (NICD) was examined by immunofluorescence. Results Compared with non-OPLL cells, OPLL cells expressed higher levels of DLX5 in vitro and vivo (p < 0.01). Upregulated expression of DLX5 and osteogenesis-related genes (OSX, RUNX2, and OCN) were observed in OPLL cells induced with stretch stimulation and osteogenic medium, whereas there was no change in the non-OPLL cells (p < 0.01). Cytoplasmic NICD protein translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus inducing DLX5 under stretch stimulation, which was reduced by the NOTCH signaling inhibitors (DAPT) (p < 0.01). Conclusions These data suggest that DLX5 play a critical role in MS-induced progression of OPLL through NOTCH signaling, which provides a new insight into the pathogenesis of OPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhengya Zhu
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Fuan Wang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongkun Chen
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Shengkai Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mingbin Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Wei Tian
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xinbao Wu
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xizhe Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Liu J, Yang L, Liu K, Gao F. Hydrogel scaffolds in bone regeneration: Their promising roles in angiogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1050954. [PMID: 36860296 PMCID: PMC9968752 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1050954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has become a hopeful potential treatment strategy for large bone defects, including bone tumors, trauma, and extensive fractures, where the self-healing property of bone cannot repair the defect. Bone tissue engineering is composed of three main elements: progenitor/stem cells, scaffold, and growth factors/biochemical cues. Among the various biomaterial scaffolds, hydrogels are broadly used in bone tissue engineering owing to their biocompatibility, controllable mechanical characteristics, osteoconductive, and osteoinductive properties. During bone tissue engineering, angiogenesis plays a central role in the failure or success of bone reconstruction via discarding wastes and providing oxygen, minerals, nutrients, and growth factors to the injured microenvironment. This review presents an overview of bone tissue engineering and its requirements, hydrogel structure and characterization, the applications of hydrogels in bone regeneration, and the promising roles of hydrogels in bone angiogenesis during bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Feng Gao,
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Keever AL, Collins KM, Clark RA, Framstad AL, Ashley JW. RANK signaling in osteoclast precursors results in a more permissive epigenetic landscape and sexually divergent patterns of gene expression. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14814. [PMID: 36788807 PMCID: PMC9922499 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sex is an important risk factor in the development of osteoporosis and other bone loss disorders, with women often demonstrating greater susceptibility than men. While variation in sex steroids, such as estradiol, accounts for much of the risk, there are likely additional non-endocrine factors at transcriptional and epigenetic levels that result in a higher rate of bone loss in women. Identification of these factors could improve risk assessment and therapies to preserve and improve bone health. Methods Osteoclast precursors were isolated male and female C57Bl/6 mice and cultured with either MCSF alone or MCSF and RANKL. Following the culture period RNA was isolated for RNA sequencing and DNA was isolated for tagmentation and ATAC sequencing. RNA-Seq and ATAC-seq were evaluated via pathway analysis to identify sex- and RANKL-differential transcription and chromatin accessibility. Results Osteoclasts demonstrated significant alterations in gene expression compared to macrophages with both shared and differential pathways between the sexes. Transcriptional pathways differentially regulated between male and female cells were associated with immunological functions with evidence of greater sensitivity in male macrophages and female osteoclasts. ATAC-Seq revealed a large increase in chromatin accessibility following RANKL treatment with few alterations attributable to sex. Comparison of RNA-Seq and ATAC-seq data revealed few common pathways suggesting that many of the transcriptional changes of osteoclastogenesis occur independently of chromatin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L. Keever
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States,Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA, United States
| | - Kathryn M. Collins
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA, United States
| | - Rachel A. Clark
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA, United States
| | - Amber L. Framstad
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA, United States
| | - Jason W. Ashley
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA, United States
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Lan X, Ma H, Cheng Q, Xiao Y, Zou L, Yuan Z, Luo J. SIRT1/Notch1 signal axis involves in the promoting effect of Segetalin B on bone formation. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1845-1857. [PMID: 36207817 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are a class of potential natural medicines for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Segetalin B (SB) is a cyclic peptide compound showing estrogenic activity. This study reports the effect of SB on bone formation among ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from OVX rats were cultured in vitro. Alizarin Red staining was utilized to observe the effect of SB on the mineralization of BMSCs. The levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2), and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activities were detected. The OVX rats were treated with SB in vivo. Micro-CT was utilized for imaging analysis. Urine calcium and phosphorus, and ALP activity in bone marrow were assayed. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence were incorporated to detect protein expressions in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that SB dose-dependently promoted mineralization of OVX rat-derived BMSCs in vitro increased the level of Osteocalcin, BMP-2, ALP, and SIRT1 activity. Moreover, it upregulated expressions of Runx2, Osterix, and SIRT1, downregulated expressions of Notch intracellular domain (NICD), acetyl-NICD, and hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1). In addition, SB treatment significantly decreased bone loss, inhibited calcium and phosphorus loss, elevated ALP activity, upregulated Runx2, Osterix, and SIRT1, and downregulated NICD and Hes1 in OVX rats in vivo. However, EX527, a SIRT1-selective inhibitor, could reverse the above effects of SB in vitro or in vivo. These results indicate that SB is a potential natural medicine to improve PMOP. Thus, its mechanism of promoting bone formation involves the SIRT1/Notch1 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Lan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Ma
- Nursing Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Cheng
- Nursing Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfeng Zou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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Wildemann B, Ignatius A, Leung F, Taitsman LA, Smith RM, Pesántez R, Stoddart MJ, Richards RG, Jupiter JB. Non-union bone fractures. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:57. [PMID: 34354083 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The human skeleton has remarkable regenerative properties, being one of the few structures in the body that can heal by recreating its normal cellular composition, orientation and mechanical strength. When the healing process of a fractured bone fails owing to inadequate immobilization, failed surgical intervention, insufficient biological response or infection, the outcome after a prolonged period of no healing is defined as non-union. Non-union represents a chronic medical condition not only affecting function but also potentially impacting the individual's psychosocial and economic well-being. This Primer provides the reader with an in-depth understanding of our contemporary knowledge regarding the important features to be considered when faced with non-union. The normal mechanisms involved in bone healing and the factors that disrupt the normal signalling mechanisms are addressed. Epidemiological considerations and advances in the diagnosis and surgical therapy of non-union are highlighted and the need for greater efforts in basic, translational and clinical research are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Wildemann
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany. .,Julius Wolff Institute and BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden Württemberg, Germany
| | - Frankie Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Mary Hospital, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lisa A Taitsman
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Malcolm Smith
- Orthopedic trauma service, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Pesántez
- Departamento de Ortopedia Y Traumatología Fundación Santa Fé de Bogotá - Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Jesse B Jupiter
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Massachussets General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Notch-Wnt signal crosstalk regulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells during intramembranous bone healing. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:29. [PMID: 34050174 PMCID: PMC8163848 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult bone regeneration is orchestrated by the precise actions of osteoprogenitor cells (OPCs). However, the mechanisms by which OPC proliferation and differentiation are linked and thereby regulated are yet to be defined. Here, we present evidence that during intramembranous bone formation OPC proliferation is controlled by Notch signaling, while differentiation is initiated by activation of canonical Wnt signaling. The temporospatial separation of Notch and Wnt signal activation during the early stages of bone regeneration suggests crosstalk between the two pathways. In vitro and in vivo manipulation of the two essential pathways demonstrate that Wnt activation leads to initiation of osteogenic differentiation and at the same time inhibits Notch signaling, which results in termination of the proliferative phase. Here, we establish canonical Wnt signaling as a key regulator that facilitates the crosstalk between OPC proliferation and differentiation during intramembranous, primary bone healing.
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Gao J, Fan L, Zhao L, Su Y. The interaction of Notch and Wnt signaling pathways in vertebrate regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 10:11. [PMID: 33791915 PMCID: PMC8012441 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-020-00072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration is an evolutionarily conserved process in animal kingdoms, however, the regenerative capacities differ from species and organ/tissues. Mammals possess very limited regenerative potential to replace damaged organs, whereas non-mammalian species usually have impressive abilities to regenerate organs. The regeneration process requires proper spatiotemporal regulation from key signaling pathways. The canonical Notch and Wnt signaling pathways, two fundamental signals guiding animal development, have been demonstrated to play significant roles in the regeneration of vertebrates. In recent years, increasing evidence has implicated the cross-talking between Notch and Wnt signals during organ regeneration. In this review, we summarize the roles of Notch signaling and Wnt signaling during several representative organ regenerative events, emphasizing the functions and molecular bases of their interplay in these processes, shedding light on utilizing these two signaling pathways to enhance regeneration in mammals and design legitimate therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Gao
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.,College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Lixia Fan
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.,College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China. .,College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Ying Su
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China. .,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong, China.
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Sun M, Shao H, Xu H, Yang X, Dong M, Gong J, Yu M, Gou Z, He Y, Liu A, Wang H. Biodegradable intramedullary nail (BIN) with high-strength bioceramics for bone fracture. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:969-982. [PMID: 33406205 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02423f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
About 10 million fractures occur worldwide each year, of which more than 60% are long bone fractures. It is generally agreed that intramedullary nails have significant advantages in rigid fracture fixation. Metal intramedullary nails (INs) can provide strong support but a stress shielding effect can occur that results in nonunion healing in clinic. Nondegradable metals also need to be removed by a second operation. Could INs be biodegradable and used to overcome this issue? As current degradable biomaterials always suffer from low strength and cannot be used in Ins, herein, we report a novel device consisting of biodegradable IN (BIN) made for the first time with bioceramics. These BINs have an extremely high bending strength and stable internal and external structure. Experiments show that the BINs could not only fix and support the tibial fracture model, but also promote osteogenesis and affect the microenvironment of the bone marrow cavity. Therefore, they could be expected to replace traditional metal IN and become a more effective treatment option for tibial fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
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Influence of the TGF-β Superfamily on Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts Balance in Physiological and Pathological Bone Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207597. [PMID: 33066607 PMCID: PMC7589189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between bone forming cells (osteoblasts/osteocytes) and bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts) plays a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and bone repair. Several hormones, cytokines, and growth factors-in particular the members of the TGF-β superfamily such as the bone morphogenetic proteins-not only regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and functioning of these cells, but also coordinate the communication between them to ensure an appropriate response. Therefore, this review focuses on TGF-β superfamily and its influence on bone formation and repair, through the regulation of osteoclastogenesis, osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, and osteoblasts/osteoclasts balance. After introducing the main types of bone cells, their differentiation and cooperation during bone remodeling and fracture healing processes are discussed. Then, the TGF-β superfamily, its signaling via canonical and non-canonical pathways, as well as its regulation by Wnt/Notch or microRNAs are described and discussed. Its important role in bone homeostasis, repair, or disease is also highlighted. Finally, the clinical therapeutic uses of members of the TGF-β superfamily and their associated complications are debated.
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Rauff B, Malik A, Bhatti YA, Chudhary SA, Qadri I, Rafiq S. Notch signalling pathway in development of cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 12:957-974. [PMID: 33005291 PMCID: PMC7509998 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v12.i9.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) comprises of extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cancers as a result of inflammation of epithelium cell lining of the bile duct. The incidence rate is increasing dramatically worldwide with highest rates in Eastern and South Asian regions. Major risk factors involve chronic damage and inflammation of bile duct epithelium from primary sclerosing cholangitis, chronic hepatitis virus infection, gallstones and liver fluke infection. Various genetic variants have also been identified and as CCA develops on the background of biliary inflammation, diverse range of molecular mechanisms are involved in its progression. Among these, the Notch signalling pathway acts as a major driver of cholangiocarcinogenesis and its components (receptors, ligands and downstream signalling molecules) represent a promising therapeutic targets. Gamma-Secretase Inhibitors have been recognized in inhibiting the Notch pathway efficiently. A comprehensive knowledge of the molecular pathways activated by the Notch signalling cascade as well as its functional crosstalk with other signalling pathways provide better approach in developing innovative therapies against CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisma Rauff
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Ali Bhatti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ahmad Chudhary
- Institute of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ishtiaq Qadri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafquat Rafiq
- Department of Gastrointestinal medicine, Croydon University Hospital, Croydon CR7 7YE, United Kingdom
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Mukherjee M, Fogarty E, Janga M, Surendran K. Notch Signaling in Kidney Development, Maintenance, and Disease. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E692. [PMID: 31690016 PMCID: PMC6920979 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney development involves formation of nephrons intricately aligned with the vasculature and connected to a branched network of collecting ducts. Notch signaling plays multiple roles during kidney development involving the formation of nephrons composed of diverse epithelial cell types arranged into tubular segments, all the while maintaining a nephron progenitor niche. Here, we review the roles of Notch signaling identified from rodent kidney development and injury studies, while discussing human kidney diseases associated with aberrant Notch signaling. We also review Notch signaling requirement in maintenance of mature kidney epithelial cell states and speculate that Notch activity regulation mediates certain renal physiologic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Mukherjee
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th Street North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.
| | - Eric Fogarty
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
| | - Madhusudhana Janga
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th Street North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.
| | - Kameswaran Surendran
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 East 60th Street North, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA.
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