1
|
Wang J, Li Z. Effects of vitamin A in promoting proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:121-130. [PMID: 36947388 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) are known as ideal seed cells for the regeneration of periodontal tissues. Several factors (i.e., vitamin D3, luteolin, and 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime) have been shown to promote osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of vitamin A on cell proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs. hPDLCs were cultured in osteogenic induction medium supplemented with different concentrations of vitamin A. Cell proliferation and migration assays were conducted after 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation, whereas osteogenic differentiation and osteogenesis-related gene expression were assessed after 21 d only. Our results demonstrated that 1-µM vitamin A stimulation exerted the most potent promotion effect on cell proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs. It also induced significant upregulation of osteogenic differentiation-related genes and mitochondrial complexes II and IV in hPDLCs. Vitamin A may serve as a promising potential candidate for periodontal tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Dental Clinic, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhaobao Li
- Dental Clinic, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No. 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen X, Arias Z, Omori K, Yamamoto T, Shinoda-Ito Y, Takashiba S. Autophagy as a potential mechanism underlying the biological effect of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on periodontitis: a narrative review. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:90. [PMID: 36782172 PMCID: PMC9923934 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The major active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3), is known for its wide bioactivity in periodontal tissues. Although the exact mechanisms underlying its protective action against periodontitis remain unclear, recent studies have shown that 1,25D3 regulates autophagy. Autophagy is vital for intracellular pathogen invasion control, inflammation regulation, and bone metabolic balance in periodontal tissue homeostasis, and its regulation could be an interesting pathway for future periodontal studies. Since vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide health problem, its role as a potential regulator of autophagy provides new insights into periodontal diseases. Based on this premise, this narrative literature review aimed to investigate the possible connection between 1,25D3 and autophagy in periodontitis. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed using the following keywords (e.g., vitamin D, autophagy, periodontitis, pathogens, epithelial cells, immunity, inflammation, and bone loss). In this review, the latest studies on the protective action of 1,25D3 against periodontitis and the regulation of autophagy by 1,25D3 are summarized, and the potential role of 1,25D3-activated autophagy in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is analyzed. 1,25D3 can exert a protective effect against periodontitis through different signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, and at least part of this regulatory effect is achieved through the activation of the autophagic response. This review will help clarify the relationship between 1,25D3 and autophagy in the homeostasis of periodontal tissues and provide perspectives for researchers to optimize prevention and treatment strategies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Chen
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Zulema Arias
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Omori
- grid.412342.20000 0004 0631 9477Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Shinoda-Ito
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu L, Zhou C, Chen S, Huang D, Jiang Y, Lan Y, Zou S, Li Y. Osteoporosis and Alveolar Bone Health in Periodontitis Niche: A Predisposing Factors-Centered Review. Cells 2022; 11:3380. [PMID: 36359775 PMCID: PMC9657655 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a periodontal inflammatory condition that results from disrupted periodontal host-microbe homeostasis, manifested by the destruction of tooth-supporting structures, especially inflammatory alveolar bone loss. Osteoporosis is characterized by systemic deterioration of bone mass and microarchitecture. The roles of many systemic factors have been identified in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, including endocrine change, metabolic disorders, health-impaired behaviors and mental stress. The prevalence rate of osteoporotic fracture is in sustained elevation in the past decades. Recent studies suggest that individuals with concomitant osteoporosis are more vulnerable to periodontal impairment. Current reviews of worse periodontal status in the context of osteoporosis are limited, mainly centering on the impacts of menopausal and diabetic osteoporosis on periodontitis. Herein, this review article makes an effort to provide a comprehensive view of the relationship between osteoporosis and periodontitis, with a focus on clarifying how those risk factors in osteoporotic populations modify the alveolar bone homeostasis in the periodontitis niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Andrukhov O. Toll-Like Receptors and Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:648901. [PMID: 35048000 PMCID: PMC8757738 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.648901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising tool for clinical application in and beyond dentistry. These cells possess multilineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory properties. Due to their localization in the oral cavity, these cells could sometimes be exposed to different bacteria and viruses. Dental MSCs express various Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and therefore, they can recognize different microorganisms. The engagement of TLRs in dental MSCs by various ligands might change their properties and function. The differentiation capacity of dental MSCs might be either inhibited or enhanced by TLRs ligands depending on their nature and concentrations. Activation of TLR signaling in dental MSCs induces the production of proinflammatory mediators. Additionally, TLR ligands alter the immunomodulatory ability of dental MSCs, but this aspect is still poorly explored. Understanding the role of TLR signaling in dental MSCs physiology is essential to assess their role in oral homeostasis, inflammatory diseases, and tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Andrukhov
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Blufstein A, Behm C, Kubin B, Gahn J, Rausch-Fan X, Moritz A, Andrukhov O. Effect of vitamin D 3 on the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stromal cells under inflammatory conditions. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:579-588. [PMID: 33547643 PMCID: PMC8248386 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Vitamin D3 is known to activate osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stromal cells (hPDLSCs). Recently, inflammatory stimuli were shown to inhibit the transcriptional activity of hPDLSCs, but their effect on vitamin D3‐induced osteogenic differentiation is not known. The present study aimed to investigate whether the effects of 1,25‐dihydroxvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and 25‐hydroxvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs are also altered under inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, the expression of osteogenesis‐related factors by hPDLSCs under osteogenic conditions was assessed in the presence of inflammatory stimuli. Materials and Methods Primary hPDLSCs of six donors were cultured in osteogenic induction medium containing either 1,25(OH)2D3 (0‐10 nM) or 25(OH)D3 (0‐100 nM) in the presence and absence of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Pam3CSK4 for 7, 14 and 21 days. Osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs was evaluated by analysis of mineralization as assessed by Alizarin Red S staining and gene expression levels of osteogenesis‐related factors osteocalcin, osteopontin and runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) were analysed with qPCR. Results Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs and their expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin. The 1,25(OH)2D3‐triggered expression of osteogenesis‐related factors was significantly lower in the presence of Pam3CSK4, but not P. gingivalis LPS. None of the inflammatory stimuli had significant effects on the 1,25(OH)2D3‐induced osteogenic differentiation. 25(OH)D3 neither affected gene expression levels nor osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs cultured in osteogenic induction medium. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that inflammatory stimuli also diminish the 1,25(OH)2D3‐induced expression of osteogenesis‐related factors in hPDLSCs under osteogenic conditions, while having no effect on the osteogenic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Blufstein
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Behm
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Orthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Kubin
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Gahn
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Andrukhov O, Blufstein A, Behm C, Moritz A, Rausch-Fan X. Vitamin D3 and Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES 2020; 10:4527. [DOI: 10.3390/app10134527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a hormone involved in the regulation of bone metabolism, mineral homeostasis, and immune response. Almost all dental tissues contain resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are largely similar to bone marrow-derived MSCs. In this narrative review, we summarized the current findings concerning the physiological effects of vitamin D3 on dental MSCs. The existing literature suggests that dental MSCs possess the ability to convert vitamin D3 into 25(OH)D3 and subsequently to the biologically active 1,25(OH)2D3. The vitamin D3 metabolites 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulate osteogenic differentiation and diminish the inflammatory response of dental MSCs. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 influences the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in different dental tissues. Thus, dental MSCs are both producers and targets of 1,25(OH)2D3 and might regulate the local vitamin D3-dependent processes in an autocrine/paracrine manner. The local vitamin D3 metabolism is assumed to play an essential role in the local physiological processes, but the mechanisms of its regulation in dental MSCs are mostly unknown. The alteration of the local vitamin D3 metabolism may unravel novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of periodontitis as well as new strategies for dental tissue regeneration.
Collapse
|
7
|
Blufstein A, Behm C, Kubin B, Gahn J, Moritz A, Rausch-Fan X, Andrukhov O. Transcriptional activity of vitamin D receptor in human periodontal ligament cells is diminished under inflammatory conditions. J Periodontol 2020; 92:137-148. [PMID: 32474936 PMCID: PMC7891446 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Although vitamin D3 deficiency is considered as a risk factor for periodontitis, supplementation during periodontal treatment has not been shown to be beneficial to date. Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) are regulated by vitamin D3 and play a fundamental role in periodontal tissue homeostasis and inflammatory response in periodontitis. The aim of this study is to investigate possible alterations of the vitamin D3 activity in hPDLCs under inflammatory conditions. Methods Cells isolated from six different donors were treated with either 1,25(OH)2D3 (0 to 10 nM) or 25(OH)D3 (0 to 100 nM) in the presence and absence of ultrapure or standard Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS), Pam3CSK4, or interferon‐γ for 48 hours. Additionally, nuclear factor (NF)‐κB inhibition was performed with BAY 11‐7082. The bioactivity of vitamin D in hPDLCs was assessed based on the gene expression levels of vitamin D receptor (VDR)‐regulated genes osteocalcin and osteopontin. Additionally, VDR and CYP27B1 expression levels were measured. Results The vitamin D3‐induced increase of osteocalcin and osteopontin expression was significantly decreased in the presence of standard PgLPS and Pam3CSK4, which was not observed by ultrapure PgLPS. Interferon‐y had diverse effects on the response of hPDLCs to vitamin D3 metabolites. NF‐kB inhibition abolished the effects of standard PgLPS and Pam3CSK4. Standard PgLPS and Pam3CSK4 increased VDR expression in the presence of vitamin D3. CYP27B1 expression was not affected by vitamin D3 and inflammatory conditions. Conclusions This study indicates that the transcriptional activity of VDR is diminished under inflammatory conditions, which might mitigate the effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation during periodontal treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Blufstein
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Behm
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Kubin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Gahn
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oleh Andrukhov
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|