Phthalocyanine coatings on silica and zinc oxide: Synthesis and their activities in the oxidation of sulfide

The reactivity of phthalonitrile, tetrafluorophthalonitrile and 4,5-dibutoxyphthalonitrile with unmodified surfaces of ZnO and SiO 2 and with the modified systems SiO 2/ Cp 2 Co , ZnO / Cp 2 Co , SiO 2/ Zn ( AcAc )2 prepared by deposition of cobaltocene ( Cp 2 Co ) and zinc acetylacetonate Zn ( AcAc )2, was studied ("in-situ-synthesis") in processes of phthalocyanine coatings. The formation of structural uniform phthalocyanines on carriers were established by UV-vis and mass spectra. The compounds were used then to compare their catalytic and photocatalytic activities in the oxidation of sulfide as a test reaction.

Efficient oxidations and photooxidations with molecular oxygen using metal phthalocyanines as catalysts and photocatalysts

Metal phthalocyanines can be very efficient as catalysts and photocatalysts in oxidation reactions using molecular oxygen as oxidant. Different types of soluble low molecular weight or oligomeric and insoluble heterogeneous catalysts and photocatalysts were developed. The heterogeneous metal phthalocyanines exist either impregnated on SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, charcoal and TiO 2 or covalently and coordinatively bound on SiO 2 and organic polymers or ionically bound on an organic ion exchanger. The catalytic oxidations of toxic sulfide and thiol derivative are studied. In addition, toxic phenols were employed as substrates for the photooxidation. Heterogeneous catalysts can exhibit higher activities then low molecular weight phthalocyanines. These systems exhibit a good stability for re-use. Photooxidations are more efficient than oxidations. A Si(IV) phthalocyanine derivative on a polymer ion exchanger is most active and stable. Also some examples for photooxidations in the direction of photochemical synthesis are given.

Sensitizers on inorganic carriers for decomposition of the chemical warfare agent yperite

Sulfur-containing compounds, such as mercaptans, alkali sulfides, alkali sulfites, and alkali thiosulfates, are byproducts of industrial processes and pollutants of waste and natural waters. Other sulfur-containing compounds such as yperite are dangerous chemical weapons. Efficient photocatalytic decomposition of these molecules is a process that can find applications in emergency situations or for the controlled destruction of chemical warfare stockpiles. A series of heterogeneous photocatalysts consisting of a metal phthalocyanine or 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium as photoactive components encapsulated inside the cavities of zeolite Y or the mesoporous channels of MCM-41 or supported on silica or titania-silica was tested for the photocatalytic decomposition of yperite. Two types of photoreactors, either an open reactor naturally aerated or a closed quartz tube with a constant airflow using UV or visible ambient light were used. These tests demonstrated that iron and manganese phthalocyanine and 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium embedded in NaY or titania-silica can be suitable solid photocatalysts for the degradation of yperite using UV and visible irradiation.