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Wilson F, Pieniazek R, Hodgins M, Jamieson H, Brown J, Forsyth P. Predictors of confidence in research: a cross-sectional survey of pharmacists in the north of England. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2024:riae037. [PMID: 39042870 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pharmacist-led research is key to optimizing medicines use and improving pharmacy services, yet it is not yet widely embedded into careers. This study aims to identify predictors of confidence in meeting the research learning outcomes in the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS) Post-Registration Foundation and Core Advanced curricula, to provide targeted recommendations for building research capability and capacity within the profession. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional electronic survey, distributed to eligible pharmacists in March 2023 (n = 253). The survey gathered demographic information, research experience, and self-reported confidence in meeting the research learning outcomes in the RPS Post-Registration Foundation and Core Advanced curricula. Pre-determined independent variables were analysed using two binomial logistic regression models (one per curriculum) to identify predictors of the dichotomous variable: confidence with meeting all research learning outcomes in that curriculum. KEY FINDINGS Participants were more likely to self-report as confident (versus not confident) with meeting all research learning outcomes in a curriculum if they had recent experience (within the previous 12 months) of research or research-related activities, held a postgraduate research qualification, had undertaken research training outside of a postgraduate qualification, discussed research in their appraisal, or worked in the hospital sector. Conversely, male gender, years practicing, and protected time for research did not predict confidence. CONCLUSION A targeted approach, including improving access to research methods training, experience-based learning, mentorship, and linking research projects to key organizational objectives, could be the key to developing research capability and capacity across all sectors and career stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franki Wilson
- School of Healthcare, Baines Wing, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy and Medicines Optimisation, NHS England Workforce Training and Education North West, 3 Piccadilly Place, Manchester, M1 3BN, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Pieniazek
- Leeds University Business School, Maurice Keyworth Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Hodgins
- School of Pharmacy and Medicines Optimisation, NHS England Workforce Training and Education North West, 3 Piccadilly Place, Manchester, M1 3BN, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel Jamieson
- School of Pharmacy and Medicines Optimisation, NHS England Workforce Training and Education North East and Yorkshire, Don Valley House, Savile Street East, Sheffield, SQ4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Brown
- School of Pharmacy and Medicines Optimisation, NHS England Workforce Training and Education North West, 3 Piccadilly Place, Manchester, M1 3BN, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Forsyth
- Pharmacy Services, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Clarkston Court, 56 Busby Road, Glasgow, G76 7AT, United Kingdom
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Peralta G, Sánchez-Santiago B. Navigating the challenges of clinical trial professionals in the healthcare sector. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1400585. [PMID: 38887672 PMCID: PMC11181308 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1400585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials (CTs) are essential for medical advancements but face significant challenges, particularly in professional training and role clarity. Principal investigators, clinical research coordinators (CRCs), nurses, clinical trial pharmacists, and monitors are key players. Each faces unique challenges, such as maintaining protocol compliance, managing investigational products, and ensuring data integrity. Clinical trials' complexity and evolving nature demand specialized and ongoing training for these professionals. Addressing these challenges requires clear role delineation, continuous professional development, and supportive workplace environments to improve retention and trial outcomes. Enhanced training programs and a collaborative approach are essential for the successful conduct of clinical trials and the advancement of medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galo Peralta
- Central Support Unit, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Blanca Sánchez-Santiago
- Clinical Pharmacology Service, Clinical Trials Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
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Johnson JL, Blefari C, Marotti S. Application of the COM-B model to explore barriers and facilitators to participation in research by hospital pharmacists and pharmacy technicians: A cross-sectional mixed-methods survey. Res Social Adm Pharm 2024; 20:43-53. [PMID: 37813706 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combining research and clinical practice is crucial for advancing evidence-based healthcare and improving pharmacy service delivery. While hospital pharmacists report significant interest in research, this does not translate to high levels of research engagement. Furthermore, little is known regarding barriers and motivators for pharmacy technician involvement in research. OBJECTIVE To characterise the barriers and enablers to engaging in practice-based research reported by hospital pharmacy staff using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation - Behaviour (COM-B) framework. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey, using the validated Research Capacity in Context tool, was sent to all employees of a statewide hospital pharmacy service. Respondent characteristics and quantitatively reported barriers and motivators were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data from open text responses were analysed through inductive thematic analysis. Results were mapped to the components of the COM-B framework at individual, team and organisation levels. RESULTS 278 responses were received (response rate 43.3%) from pharmacists (68.0%) and pharmacy assistants/technicians (28.4%) across 19 hospitals. Research behaviour was influenced by factors linked to five of six COM-B subdomains. Reflective motivation, linked to a desire to improve practice and patient care, self-development, and recognition, indicates pharmacy staff would like to engage in research. However, barriers related to physical opportunity (lack of time for research, other work roles that take priority) and psychological capability (lack of skills and mentorship) hindered involvement. Social opportunity and automatic motivation, tied to managerial support, role perceptions and departmental research culture were also reported facilitators. Subtle differences in the factors that motivate hospital pharmacists and pharmacy technicians were identified. CONCLUSIONS Mapping factors associated with research participation by hospital pharmacy staff to the COM-B model is an important step towards identifying evidence-based intervention types that could form the basis of strategies to optimise hospital pharmacy staff engagement with practice-based research, using the behaviour change wheel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta L Johnson
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, PO Box 287 Rundle Mall, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Level 6, HB Building, City West Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Concettina Blefari
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Level 6, HB Building, City West Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Sally Marotti
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, PO Box 287 Rundle Mall, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Level 6, HB Building, City West Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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Youssef N, Saleeb M, Gebreal A, Ghazy RM. The Internal Reliability and Construct Validity of the Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire (EBPQ): Evidence from Healthcare Professionals in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2168. [PMID: 37570408 PMCID: PMC10419240 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fostering a culture of clinical effectiveness among healthcare professionals (HCPs) is crucial to achieving optimal patient health outcomes. To our knowledge, there is a lack of robust evidence-based practice (EBP) tools to assess the competence of HCPs in EBP in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). AIM This study aims to comprehensively investigate the construct validity and internal reliability of the evidence-based practice questionnaire (EBPQ) among HCPs in the EMR. METHODS This multinational and multi-disciplinary cross-sectional study was conducted between 27 April and 11 May 2023. Convenience and snowball sampling methods were used to recruit a sample of HCPs (physicians, nurses, physiotherapists, dentists, and pharmacists) using an electronic survey questionnaire for data capture. To assess the reliability of the instrument, Cronbach's alpha, inter-item reliability, and split-half reliability analyses were conducted. Furthermore, the convergent and discriminant validity of the questionnaire was ensured by calculating the average variance extracted (AVE) and the correlation coefficient between the different constructs, respectively. Factor loadings and cross-loadings of different indicators within each construct were calculated by performing both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. RESULTS A total of 1536 HCPs from 18 countries in the EMR (response rate = 96.786%) with a median age of 28 years participated; 47% were female, and 55% had Arabic as their first language. English was the most common language for a bachelor's degree in science (54%). The construct validity of the EBPQ was investigated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), which yielded four loaded factors. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the four loaded factors. The CFA model showed that the root mean square error of approximation = 0.066, comparative fit index = 0.95, Tucker-Lewis's index = 0.94, standardized root mean square residual = 0.033, normal fit index = 0.94, goodness of fit = 0.91, and χ2 test statistic= 22,553, with p < 0.001. The AVE values of the four factors were close to 1 (knowledge = 0.6, practice = 0.6, attitude = 0.5, and sharing = 0.7), thus supporting the convergent validity of the EBPQ. The four domains had Cronbach's alpha coefficients and Omega ≥ 0.7 (knowledge = 0.9, practice = 0.9, attitude = 0.7, and sharing = 0.8), suggesting that the items within each domain had good internal consistency. These results support the discriminant validity of the EBPQ. CONCLUSIONS The EBPQ is a robust questionnaire that can be completed in less than 10 min by EMR HCPs and can be used as a gold-standard questionnaire to collect valid data on the attitudes, knowledge, and proficiency of HCPs in making clinical decisions based on evidence. Future studies are recommended to investigate the retest reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa Youssef
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marina Saleeb
- Public Health Institute, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L2 2QP, UK
| | - Assem Gebreal
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21568, Egypt
| | - Ramy Mohamed Ghazy
- Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt
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Penm J, Narayan S, Alffenaar J, Johnson JL, Mirkov S, Page AT, Pont LG, Patanwala AE. A benchmarking scoping review of research output from hospital pharmacy departments in Australia. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jppr.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Penm
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- Department of Pharmacy Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick Australia
| | - Sujita Narayan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Jan‐Willem Alffenaar
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- Westmead Hospital Westmead Australia
- Sydney Institute of Infectious Diseases The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Jacinta L. Johnson
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
- SA Pharmacy Statewide Clinical Support Services, SA Health Adelaide Australia
| | - Sanja Mirkov
- Cairns and Hinterland Hospital and Health Service Cairns Australia
| | - Amy T. Page
- Pharmacy Department Alfred Health Melbourne Australia
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety Monash University Parkville Australia
- Centre for Optimization of Medicines School of Allied Health University of Western Australia Crawley Australia
| | - Lisa G. Pont
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health University of Technology Sydney Sydney Australia
- Department of Pharmacy Westmead Hospital Westmead Australia
| | - Asad E. Patanwala
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- Department of Pharmacy Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown Australia
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Johnson JL, Blefari C, Ware RS, Clayson-Fisher T, Dettwiller P, Marotti S. Evaluation of research capacity and culture of hospital pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in a state-wide Australian public health service: A cross-sectional survey. Res Social Adm Pharm 2022; 18:3775-3781. [PMID: 35525834 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrating research with clinical practice is essential for evidence-based practice and continuous improvement in health care. Little is known about the research capacity and culture of the Australian hospital pharmacy workforce, particularly in rural areas and for pharmacy assistants/technicians. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to characterise the research capacity and culture of a state-wide public-hospital pharmacy service at organisation, team and individual levels, and to explore variables which influence research confidence and success. METHOD An online, anonymous, cross-sectional survey using the validated Research Capacity in Context tool was emailed to all pharmacists, pharmacy assistants/technicians and non-clinical staff employed by a statewide pharmacy service in South Australia. Respondent characteristics and organisation, team and individual scores of research skill/success were summarised using descriptive statistics. T-tests compared results for pharmacists and pharmacy assistants/technicians and metropolitan-based and non-metropolitan-based staff. Regression analyses explored predictors of pharmacists individual research skill/success scores. RESULTS A response rate of 43.4% (n = 278/641, 19 sites) was obtained. Respondents were primarily pharmacists (68%) and pharmacy assistants/technicians (28%); 91% were practicing in a metropolitan setting. 47% reported no research experience. Highest scores for research skill/success were observed at the organisational level (mean score 6.0/10) vs. team (mean score 5.6/10) and individual levels (mean score 5.1/10). Within each level specific items that scored poorly were identified. Individual research skills/success scores were higher in pharmacists vs. pharmacy assistants/technicians (mean score 5.2/10 vs. 4.2/10, p < 0.01), and were not different between staff in metropolitan vs. non-metropolitan settings (mean scores 5.2 vs. 5.0, p = 0.77). For pharmacists, undertaking undergraduate or internship research projects or postgraduate research training were associated with higher individual scores of research skills and success. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION This research extends understanding of hospital pharmacy research capacity and culture, describes research skills and success in hospital pharmacy technicians/assistants for the first time and highlights low-scoring areas; these could be targeted to improve research capacity and culture at an individual, team and organisational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta L Johnson
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, PO Box 287 Rundle Mall, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Level 6, HB Building, City West Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Concettina Blefari
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Level 6, HB Building, City West Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Robert S Ware
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| | - Tara Clayson-Fisher
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, PO Box 287 Rundle Mall, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Pascale Dettwiller
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, PO Box 287 Rundle Mall, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Sally Marotti
- SA Pharmacy, SA Health, PO Box 287 Rundle Mall, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, Level 6, HB Building, City West Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
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Pizzi J, Livori A, Connell C, Hort A, Prosser A, Zhang C, Ziser K, Munro C, Mellor Y. Standard of practice in cardiology for pharmacy services. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jppr.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pizzi
- Cardiology Leadership Committee The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia Collingwood Australia
- Alfred Health Melbourne Australia
- Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Adam Livori
- Cardiology Leadership Committee The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia Collingwood Australia
- Monash University Melbourne Australia
- Ballarat Health Services Ballarat Australia
| | - Cia Connell
- Cardiology Leadership Committee The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia Collingwood Australia
- Monash University Melbourne Australia
| | - Adam Hort
- Cardiology Leadership Committee The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia Collingwood Australia
- Fiona Stanley Hospital Murdoch Australia
| | - Adaire Prosser
- Cardiology Leadership Committee The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia Collingwood Australia
- SA Pharmacy Flinders Medical Centre Flinders Australia
| | - Catherine Zhang
- Cardiology Leadership Committee The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia Collingwood Australia
- Gold Coast University Hospital Southport Australia
| | - Kate Ziser
- Cardiology Leadership Committee The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia Collingwood Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Australia
| | - Courtney Munro
- The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia Collingwood Australia
| | - Yee Mellor
- The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia Collingwood Australia
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