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Zhang H, Gao Z, Meng C, Li X, Shi D. Inhibitor Binding Sites in the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-2. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:1017-1030. [PMID: 32124695 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200303130833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2) has long been proposed as a cancer drug target. Several small-molecule compounds with different mechanisms of SHP-2 inhibition have been reported, but none are commercially available. Pool selectivity over protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) and a lack of cellular activity have hindered the development of selective SHP-2 inhibitors. In this review, we describe the binding modes of existing inhibitors and SHP-2 binding sites, summarize the characteristics of the sites involved in selectivity, and identify the suitable groups for interaction with the binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhengquan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunxiao Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Mando H, Hassan A, Gharaghani S. Novel and Predictive QSAR Model for Steroidal and Nonsteroidal 5α- Reductase Type II Inhibitors. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 18:317-332. [PMID: 32208118 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200324170457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVE In this study, a novel quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) model has been developed for inhibitors of human 5-alpha reductase type II, which are used to treat benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH). METHODS The dataset consisted of 113 compounds-mainly nonsteroidal-with known inhibitory concentration. Then 3D structures of compounds were optimized and molecular structure descriptors were calculated. The stepwise multiple linear regression was used to select descriptors encoding the inhibitory activity of the compounds. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to build up the linear QSAR model. RESULTS The results obtained revealed that the descriptors which best describe the activity were atom type electropological state, carbon type, radial distribution function (RDF), barysz matrix and molecular linear free energy relation. The suggested model could achieve satisfied square correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.72, higher than of many previous studies, indicating its superiority. Rigid validation criteria were met using external data with Q2 ˃ 0.5 and R2 = 0.75, reflecting the predictive power of the model. CONCLUSION The QSAR model was applied for screening botanical components of herbal preparations used to treat BPH, and could predict the activity of some, among others, making reasonable attribution to the proposed effect of these preparations. Gamma tocopherol was found to be an active inhibitor, in consistence with many previous studies, anticipating the power of this model in the prediction of new candidate molecules and suggesting further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda Mando
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Control of Medicaments, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Ahmad Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Control of Medicaments, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Sajjad Gharaghani
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Drug Design, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Gerlach N, Mentel M, Köhler T, Tuchscherer B, Garbe B, Ülker J, Tronnier H, Heinrich U, Farwick M. Effect of the multifunctional cosmetic ingredient sphinganine on hair loss in males and females with diffuse hair reduction. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2016; 9:191-203. [PMID: 27660477 PMCID: PMC5021059 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s109775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are well known to promote keratinocyte differentiation and to induce ceramide production. In addition, they show anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the potential effect of sphinganine on prolonging the hair anagen rate and improving the overall hair quality and scalp health. The inhibitory potential of sphinganine toward 5-α-reductase was studied using an in vitro assay. The stimulation of the antimicrobial peptide HBD2 by sphinganine was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining. Sphinganine bioavailability was studied ex vivo using a pig skin model. A placebo-controlled, double-blind study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of sphinganine on hair loss and hair/scalp quality in vivo. In vitro results showed that sphinganine is a potent inhibitor of 5-α-reductase type I that prevents the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, a key factor of androgenetic male baldness. In vivo results demonstrated efficacy in reducing non-illness-related hair loss among males. In terms of expert rating, all hair quality and scalp parameters improved after application of sphinganine. Improved scalp health might be linked to the observed increase of the antimicrobial peptide HBD2. Thus, sphinganine is well suited as a topical alternative for the improvement of scalp health and hair quality and anti-hair loss application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gerlach
- DermaTronnier GmbH & Co. KG, Institute for Experimental Dermatology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten
| | | | - Tim Köhler
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Birgit Garbe
- DermaTronnier GmbH & Co. KG, Institute for Experimental Dermatology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten
| | - Jasmina Ülker
- DermaTronnier GmbH & Co. KG, Institute for Experimental Dermatology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten
| | - Hagen Tronnier
- DermaTronnier GmbH & Co. KG, Institute for Experimental Dermatology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten
| | - Ulrike Heinrich
- DermaTronnier GmbH & Co. KG, Institute for Experimental Dermatology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten
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Chen L, Pernazza D, Scott LM, Lawrence HR, Ren Y, Luo Y, Wu X, Sung SS, Guida WC, Sebti SM, Lawrence NJ, Wu J. Inhibition of cellular Shp2 activity by a methyl ester analog of SPI-112. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:801-10. [PMID: 20510203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) Shp2 (PTPN11) is an attractive target for anticancer drug discovery because it mediates growth factor signaling and its gain-of-function mutants are causally linked to leukemias. We previously synthesized SPI-112 from a lead compound of Shp2 inhibitor, NSC-117199. In this study, we demonstrated that SPI-112 bound to Shp2 by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and displayed competitive inhibitor kinetics to Shp2. Like some other compounds in the PTP inhibitor discovery efforts, SPI-112 was not cell permeable, precluding its use in biological studies. To overcome the cell permeation issue, we prepared a methyl ester SPI-112 analog (SPI-112Me) that is predicted to be hydrolyzed to SPI-112 upon entry into cells. Fluorescence uptake assay and confocal imaging suggested that SPI-112Me was taken up by cells. Incubation of cells with SPI-112Me inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated Shp2 PTP activity and Shp2-mediated paxillin dephosphorylation, Erk1/2 activation, and cell migration. SPI-112Me treatment also inhibited Erk1/2 activation by a Gab1-Shp2 chimera. Treatment of Shp2(E76K) mutant-transformed TF-1 myeloid cells with SPI-112Me resulted in inhibition of Shp2(E76K)-dependent cell survival, which is associated with inhibition of Shp2(E76K) PTP activity, Shp2(E76K)-induced Erk1/2 activation, and Bcl-XL expression. Furthermore, SPI-112Me enhanced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-stimulated STAT1 tyrosine phosphorylation, ISRE-luciferase reporter activity, p21 expression, and the anti-proliferative effect. Thus, the SPI-112 methyl ester analog was able to inhibit cellular Shp2 PTP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
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Kirkman JK, Lindell SD, Maechling S, Slawin AMZ, Moody CJ. Synthesis of 3-(carboxyarylalkyl)imidazo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazines as potential inhibitors of AMP deaminase. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4452-9. [PMID: 19005607 DOI: 10.1039/b810850a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C-Ribosyl 1,2,4-triazolo[1,2,4]triazines which are able to undergo covalent hydration are of interest as potential inhibitors of AMP deaminase. In a search for compounds with improved bioavailability we have synthesized compounds in which the sugar has been replaced by carboxyarylalkyl based ribose phosphate mimics. The target carboxyarylalkyl imidazotriazines 11 and 12 were synthesized using a linear seven step sequence starting from simple benzoate derivatives. Alternatively, the hydroxyethyl imidazotriazine 39 is available in five steps and this synthon was used to prepare the imidazotriazines 34 and 48 in a short convergent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Kirkman
- Department of Chemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
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Hannemann F, Bernhardt R, Jose J. Biocatalytic synthesis of 4-pregnen-20,21-diol-3-one, a selective inhibitor of human 5alpha-reductase type II. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2007; 22:570-6. [PMID: 18035825 DOI: 10.1080/14756360701425311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocatalysis, the conversion of substrates into valuable products by the use of enzymes, has some striking advantages in comparison to standard organic chemistry for drug synthesis. By biocatalysis, substrates that contain several identical reactive groups at different positions can be converted with high regio-selectivity and enantio-selectivity. In this study, an E. coli isolate (E132) was identified which was able to convert the steroid desoxycorticosterone into the product 4-pregnen-20,21-diol-3-one in real terms. The product was purified from the cell culture supernatant by HPLC and its structure was demonstrated by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. It was tested on inhibition of human 5alpha-reductases type I and type II. At a concentration of 10 microM, inhibition was 49.0% for type I and 81.8% for type II, whereas there was no inhibition of human aromatase (CYP19) at 20 microM and human 17alpha-hydroxylase-C17,20-lyase (CYP17) at 2.5 microM detectable. The IC50 value of 4-pregnen-20,21-diol-3-one for human 5alpha-reductase type II was determined to be 1.56 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hannemann
- Biochemistry, Saarland University, PO. Box 151150, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Salem OIA, Frotscher M, Scherer C, Neugebauer A, Biemel K, Streiber M, Maas R, Hartmann RW. Novel 5α-Reductase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Structure−Activity Studies, and Pharmacokinetic Profile of Phenoxybenzoylphenyl Acetic Acids. J Med Chem 2005; 49:748-59. [PMID: 16420060 DOI: 10.1021/jm050728w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel substituted benzoyl benzoic acids and phenylacetic acids 1-14 have been synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of rat and human steroid 5alpha-reductase isozymes 1 and 2. The compounds turned out to be potent and selective human type 2 enzyme inhibitors, exhibiting IC(50) values in the nanomolar range. The phenylacetic acid derivatives were more potent than the analogous benzoic acids. Bromination in the 4-position of the phenoxy moiety led to the strongest inhibitor in this class (12; IC(50) = 5 nM), which was equipotent to finasteride. Since oral absorption is essential for a potential drug, 12 was further examined. In the parallel artificial membrane permeation assay (PAMPA) it turned out to be a good permeator, whereas it was a medium permeator in Caco2 cells. After oral administration (40 mg/kg) to rats a high bioavailability and a biological half-life of 5.5 h were observed, making it a promising candidate for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola I A Salem
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
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