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Som Chaudhury S, Sinha K, Das Mukhopadhyay C. Intranasal route: The green corridor for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Intranasal administration of the chemotherapeutic perillyl alcohol results in selective delivery to the cerebrospinal fluid in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6351. [PMID: 33737566 PMCID: PMC7973779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Perillyl alcohol (POH) has been extensively studied for the treatment of peripheral and primary brain tumors. The intranasal route of administration has been preferred for dosing POH in early-stage clinical trials associated with promising outcomes in primary brain cancer. However, it is unclear how intranasal POH targets brain tumors in these patients. Multiple studies indicate that intranasally applied large molecules may enter the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through direct olfactory and trigeminal nerve-associated pathways originating in the nasal mucosa that bypass the blood–brain barrier. It is unknown whether POH, a small molecule subject to extensive nasal metabolism and systemic absorption, may also undergo direct transport to brain or CSF from the nasal mucosa. Here, we compared CSF and plasma concentrations of POH and its metabolite, perillic acid (PA), following intranasal or intravascular POH application. Samples were collected over 70 min and assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Intranasal administration resulted in tenfold higher CSF-to-plasma ratios for POH and tenfold higher CSF levels for PA compared to equal dose intravascular administration. Our preclinical results demonstrate POH undergoes direct transport from the nasal mucosa to the CSF, a finding with potential significance for its efficacy as an intranasal chemotherapeutic for brain cancer.
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Shibuya K, Morikawa S, Miyamoto M, Ogawa SI, Tsunenari Y, Urano Y, Noguchi N. Brain Targeting of Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol O-Acyltransferase-1 Inhibitor K-604 via the Intranasal Route Using a Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Solution. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:16943-16955. [PMID: 31646241 PMCID: PMC6796924 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1/SOAT-1) inhibitor, K-604 is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and glioblastoma; however, it exhibits poor solubility in neutral water and low permeability across the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we report the successful delivery of K-604 to the brain via the intranasal route in mice using a hydroxycarboxylic acid solution. In cerebral tissue, the AUC of K-604 after intranasal administration (10 μL; 108 μg of K-604/mouse) was 772 ng·min/g, whereas that after oral administration (166 μg of K-604/mouse) was 8.9 ng·min/g. Thus, the index of brain-targeting efficiency was 133-fold based on the dose conversion. Even with intranasal administration of K-604 once per day for 7 days, the level of cholesteryl esters markedly decreased from 0.70 to 0.04 μmol/g in the mouse brain. Thus, this application will be a crucial therapeutic solution for ACAT-1 overexpressing diseases in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiyuki Shibuya
- Tokyo
New Drug Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Division, Kowa Co., Ltd., 2-17-43, Noguchicho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0022, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- Tokyo
New Drug Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Division, Kowa Co., Ltd., 2-17-43, Noguchicho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0022, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Miyamoto
- Tokyo
New Drug Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Division, Kowa Co., Ltd., 2-17-43, Noguchicho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0022, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Ogawa
- Tokyo
New Drug Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Division, Kowa Co., Ltd., 2-17-43, Noguchicho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0022, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tsunenari
- Tokyo
New Drug Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Division, Kowa Co., Ltd., 2-17-43, Noguchicho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0022, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Urano
- Department
of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Noriko Noguchi
- Department
of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
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Hsu HJ, Yang Y, Pavuluri V, Abraham C, Naraharisetti SB, Ashraf M, Al-Ghabeish M. Effect of Formulation Variables on the Nasal Permeability and Stability of Naloxone Intranasal Formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:232. [PMID: 31236738 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Naloxone is an opioid antagonist with high affinity for μ-opioid receptor, and for this reason it is used for the emergency treatment of opioid overdose. Originally, it was available only as an injectable product. However, for the ease of administration, intranasal (IN) formulations have also become available. These IN formulations contain preservatives and stabilizers such as benzalkonium chloride (BKC), benzyl alcohol (BA), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Some of these ingredients are known to affect permeability of drugs. This study focuses on investigating the effect of formulation variables including choice of preservatives, stabilizer, and pH on the permeability and stability of naloxone IN formulations. The in vitro permeability of naloxone was evaluated employing EpiAirway™ tissue-mounted Ussing chambers. BKC was found to enhance the apparent permeability (Papp) of naloxone significantly (p < 0.05) at very low concentration, while BA caused similar enhancement at a much higher concentration. EDTA was found to decrease Papp of naloxone by lowering the pH, and the Papp of naloxone was found to decrease approximately 51-fold with the decrease in formulation pH from 6.0 to 4.0. The product stability was, however, found optimal only below pH 5.0. Thus, selection of formulation ingredients, buffering agent, and pH of IN formulation is a balancing act for achieving desired permeability and optimal stability to achieve reasonable shelf life of naloxone IN formulation.
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Jackson GR, Maione AG, Klausner M, Hayden PJ. Prevalidation of an Acute Inhalation Toxicity Test Using the EpiAirway In Vitro Human Airway Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:149-158. [PMID: 29904643 PMCID: PMC5994905 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2018.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Knowledge of acute inhalation toxicity potential is important for establishing safe use of chemicals and consumer products. Inhalation toxicity testing and classification procedures currently accepted within worldwide government regulatory systems rely primarily on tests conducted in animals. The goal of the current work was to develop and prevalidate a nonanimal (in vitro) test for determining acute inhalation toxicity using the EpiAirway™ in vitro human airway model as a potential alternative for currently accepted animal tests. Materials and Methods: The in vitro test method exposes EpiAirway tissues to test chemicals for 3 hours, followed by measurement of tissue viability as the test endpoint. Fifty-nine chemicals covering a broad range of toxicity classes, chemical structures, and physical properties were evaluated. The in vitro toxicity data were utilized to establish a prediction model to classify the chemicals into categories corresponding to the currently accepted Globally Harmonized System (GHS) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) system. Results: The EpiAirway prediction model identified in vivo rat-based GHS Acute Inhalation Toxicity Category 1–2 and EPA Acute Inhalation Toxicity Category I–II chemicals with 100% sensitivity and specificity of 43.1% and 50.0%, for GHS and EPA acute inhalation toxicity systems, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the EpiAirway prediction model for identifying GHS specific target organ toxicity-single exposure (STOT-SE) Category 1 human toxicants were 75.0% and 56.5%, respectively. Corrosivity and electrophilic and oxidative reactivity appear to be the predominant mechanisms of toxicity for the most highly toxic chemicals. Conclusions: These results indicate that the EpiAirway test is a promising alternative to the currently accepted animal tests for acute inhalation toxicity.
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Bhattacharya S, Maelicke A, Montag D. Nasal Application of the Galantamine Pro-drug Memogain Slows Down Plaque Deposition and Ameliorates Behavior in 5X Familial Alzheimer's Disease Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 46:123-36. [PMID: 25720404 DOI: 10.3233/jad-142421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The plant alkaloid galantamine is an established symptomatic drug treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), providing cognitive and global relief in human patients. However, as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, gastrointestinal side effects limit the dosage and duration of treatment. Memogain (Gln-1062), a pro-drug, liberates galantamine on cleavage by a carboxyesterase in the brain. The possibility to deliver Memogain intranasally may further circumvent side effects, allowing higher dosing compared to galantamine. In this study, the 5X Familial Alzheimer's Disease (5XFAD) mouse model was used to investigate the effect of chronic Memogain treatment on behavior and amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition in the brain. Chronic intranasal dosage of 6 mg/kg body weight twice daily was tolerated well, whereas the double dose caused body weight loss in males and was less effective in some behavioral tests. 8 weeks of chronic treatment resulted in improved performance in behavioral tests, such as open field and light-dark avoidance, and in fear conditioning already at mildly affected stages at the age of 18 weeks compared to untreated controls. Furthermore, after treatment a significantly lower plaque density in the brain, i.e., in the entorhinal cortex (reduction 20% females, 40% males) and the hippocampus (19% females, 31% males) at the age of 18 weeks was observed. These results show that nasal application of Memogain effectively delivers the drug to the brain with the potential to retard plaque deposition and improve behavioral symptoms in AD similar to the approved galantamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumee Bhattacharya
- Neurogenetics Special Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Montag
- Neurogenetics Special Laboratory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
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Sood S, Jain K, Gowthamarajan K. Intranasal therapeutic strategies for management of Alzheimer's disease. J Drug Target 2014; 22:279-94. [PMID: 24404923 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.876644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive age-related irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that represents 70% of all dementia with 35 million cases worldwide. Successful treatment strategies for AD have so far been limited, and present therapy is based on cholinergic replacement therapy and inhibiting glutamate excitotoxicity. In this context, role of neuroprotective drugs has generated considerable interest in management of AD. Recently, direct intranasal (IN) delivery of drug moieties to the central nervous system (CNS) has emerged as a therapeutically viable alternative to oral and parenteral routes. IN delivery bypasses the blood-brain barrier by delivering and targeting drugs to the CNS along the olfactory and trigeminal neural pathways which are in direct contact with both the environment and the CNS. In an attempt to understand how neurotherapeutics/nanoparticulate delivery systems can be transported from the nose to the CNS, the present review sets out to discuss the mechanism of transport from nose to brain. The aim of this review is to discuss and summarize the latest findings of some of the major studies on IN drug delivery in AD models, with a focus on the potential efficacy of neuroprotective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Sood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy , Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu , India
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Yang ZZ, Zhang YQ, Wang ZZ, Wu K, Lou JN, Qi XR. Enhanced brain distribution and pharmacodynamics of rivastigmine by liposomes following intranasal administration. Int J Pharm 2013; 452:344-54. [PMID: 23680731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with cholinergic neurons degeneration. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) not only provides protection for the brain but also hinders the treatment and diagnosis of this neurological disease, because the drugs must cross BBB to reach the lesions. The present work was aimed at formulating rivastigmine liposomes (Lp) and cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) modified liposomes (CPP-Lp) to improve rivastigmine distribution in brain and proceed to enhance pharmacodynamics by intranasal (IN) administration and minimize side effects. The results revealed that Lp especially the CPP-Lp can enhance the permeability across the BBB by murine brain microvascular endothelial cells model in vitro. IN administration of rivastigmine solution and rivastigmine liposomes demonstrated the capacity to improve rivastigmine distribution and adequate retention in CNS regions especially in hippocampus and cortex, which were the regions most affected by AD, than that of IV administration. Importantly, the lagging but intense inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities were relative to the extended release, absorption and retention. In addition, there was very mild nasal toxicity of liposomal formulations. The data suggest that rivastigmine liposomes especially CPP-Lp improve the brain delivery and enhance pharmacodynamics which respect to BBB penetration and nasal olfactory pathway into brain after IN administration, and simultaneously decrease the hepatic first pass metabolism and gastrointestinal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Howes MJR, Perry E. The Role of Phytochemicals in the Treatment and Prevention of Dementia. Drugs Aging 2011; 28:439-68. [DOI: 10.2165/11591310-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Marques LA, Maada I, de Kanter FJ, Lingeman H, Irth H, Niessen WM, Giera M. Stability-indicating study of the anti-Alzheimer's drug galantamine hydrobromide. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Bérubé K, Pitt A, Hayden P, Prytherch Z, Job C. Filter-well technology for advanced three-dimensional cell culture: perspectives for respiratory research. Altern Lab Anim 2011; 38 Suppl 1:49-65. [PMID: 21275484 DOI: 10.1177/026119291003801s04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell culture has long been a valuable tool for studying cell behaviour. Classical plastic substrates are two-dimensional, and usually promote cellular proliferation and inhibit differentiation. Understanding cell behaviour within complex multicellular tissues requires the systematic study of cells within the context of specific model microenvironments. A model system must mimic, to a certain degree, the in vivo situation, but, at the same time, can significantly reduce its complexity. There is increasing agreement that moving up to the third dimension provides a more physiologically-relevant and predictive model system. Moreover, many cellular processes (morphogenesis, organogenesis and pathogenesis) have been confirmed to occur exclusively when cells are ordered in a three-dimensional (3-D) manner. In order to achieve the desired in vivo phenotype, researchers can use microporous membranes for improved in vitro cell culture experiments. In the present review, we discuss the applications of filter-well technology for the advanced 3-D cell culture of human pulmonary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Bérubé
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
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Di Stefano A, Iannitelli A, Laserra S, Sozio P. Drug delivery strategies for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:581-603. [PMID: 21391862 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.561311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy is based on the administration of the drugs donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine and memantine. Until disease-modifying therapies become available, further research is needed to develop new drug delivery strategies to ensure ease of administration and treatment persistence. AREAS COVERED In addition to the conventional oral formulations, a variety of drug delivery strategies applied to the treatment of AD are reviewed in this paper, with a focus on strategies leading to simplified dosage regimens and to providing new pharmacological tools. Alternatives include extended release, orally disintegrating or sublingual formulations, intranasal or short- and long-acting intramuscular or transdermal forms, and nanotechnology-based delivery systems. EXPERT OPINION The advent of new research on molecular mechanisms of AD pathogenesis has outlined new strategies for therapeutic intervention; these include the stimulation of α-secretase cleavage, the inhibition of γ-secretase activity, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, neuroprotection based on antioxidant therapy, the use of estrogens, NO synthetase inhibitors, and natural agents such as polyphenols. Unfortunately, these compounds might not help patients with end stage AD, but might hopefully slow or stop the disease process in its early stage. Nanotechnologies may prove to be a promising contribution in future AD drug delivery strategies, in particular drug carrier nano- or microsystems, which can limit the side effects of anti-Alzheimer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Stefano
- G d'Annunzio University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Drug Sciences, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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Azevedo Marques L, Giera M, Lingeman H, Niessen WM. Analysis of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: bioanalysis, degradation and metabolism. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:278-99. [PMID: 21154892 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's is a neurodegenerative disease. Its symptoms are attributed to a deficiency of cholinergic neurotransmission. The drugs of choice for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease are acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. Starting in the 1980's from non-specific AChE inhibitors, the first-generation drugs such as physostigmine, a second generation of more selective and better tolerated products has been developed. Methods to detect and quantify these drugs and their metabolites in biological samples have been developed for analysis in plasma, blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid. Diverse detection techniques have been used, such as ultraviolet, fluorescence, electrochemical and mass spectrometry. In this review, the methods applied to the analysis of these drugs and their metabolites in different biological matrices are reviewed and discussed. The stability of these drugs in biological matrices and under stress-conditions is also included in the discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lygia Azevedo Marques
- VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Sciences, BioMolecular Analysis group, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Costantino HR, Leonard AK, Brandt G, Johnson PH, Quay SC. Intranasal administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. BMC Neurosci 2008; 9 Suppl 3:S6. [PMID: 19091003 PMCID: PMC2604884 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-9-s3-s6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This short review outlines the rationale, challenges, and opportunities for intranasal acetylcholinesterases, in particular galantamine. An in vitro screening model facilitated the development of a therapeutically viable formulation. In vivo testing confirmed achievement of therapeutically relevant drug levels that matched or exceeded those for oral dosing, with a dramatic reduction in undesired emetic responses. Intranasal drug delivery is an effective option for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry R Costantino
- Nastech Pharmaceutical Company Inc, 3830 Monte Villa Parkway, Bothell, WA 98021, USA.
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Babu RJ, Dayal P, Singh M. Effect of cyclodextrins on the complexation and nasal permeation of melatonin. Drug Deliv 2008; 15:381-8. [PMID: 18686082 DOI: 10.1080/10717540802006922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The inclusion complexation of melatonin (MT) with modified cyclodextrins (CDs) was studied with an objective of improving the solubility and nasal absorption of MT. The formation of inclusion complex of MT with Hydroxypropyl beta CD (HPbeta CD) and randomly methylated beta CD (RMbeta CD) was characterized in solution and solid states by phase solubility and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. The phase solubility data indicate a linear increase in the solubility of MT with CDs demonstrating Higuchi's A(L)-type phase solubility profiles. The effect of CDs on the permeation of MT across EpiAirway(TM)-100 cultures was studied using a modified nonstatic diffusion setup. CDs were employed at different concentrations with 1% w/v micronized MT suspension in hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) vehicle. At low CD concentrations (1% w/v), the permeation of MT from HPMC formulation was significantly increased (125%,p < .001). However, the permeation was significantly reduced when CDs were used at relatively high concentrations (5 to 10% w/v concentration for HPbetaCD and 10% w/v concentration for RMbetaCD,p < .001). All the tissues were viable with good tissue integrity at the end of permeation experiments, as measured by methylthiazoletetrazolium assay and transepithelial electrical resistance measurements. In conclusion, formation of inclusion complex of MT with HPbetaCD and RMbetaCD was demonstrated in solution and solid state. Both HPbetaCD and RM betaCD at 1% w/v concentration were found to improve the nasal permeability of MT from HPMC gel formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Johnson PH, Frank D, Costantino HR. Discovery of tight junction modulators: significance for drug development and delivery. Drug Discov Today 2008; 13:261-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2007.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Herman RE, Makienko EG, Prieve MG, Fuller M, Houston ME, Johnson PH. Phage display screening of epithelial cell monolayers treated with EGTA: identification of peptide FDFWITP that modulates tight junction activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 12:1092-101. [PMID: 18040053 DOI: 10.1177/1087057107310216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Phage display was used to screen for peptides that modulate the activity of epithelial cell tight junctions. Panning with a phage library that displays random 7-mers was performed using monolayers of human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o(-)) treated with a calcium chelator, ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)- N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), to increase accessibility to the junctional complex/paracellular space, followed by subtractive panning. A novel peptide, FDFWITP, identified as a potential tight junction modulator, was synthesized in linear and cyclic forms with lysine residues added to improve solubility. The cyclic form of the peptide reduced transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in a concentration-dependent manner (80% reduction at 100 microM and 95% reduction at 500 microM) and was reversible within 2 h; the linear form only affected TER at the highest concentration. Interestingly, the constrained peptide did not increase permeation of the model small molecule, fluorescein. The highly selective activity of FDFWITP supports the hypothesis that ions and small molecules may be transported paracellularly across tight junctions by separate pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Herman
- Nastech Pharmaceutical Company, Inc., Bothell, Washington 98021, USA
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18
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Costantino HR, Illum L, Brandt G, Johnson PH, Quay SC. Intranasal delivery: physicochemical and therapeutic aspects. Int J Pharm 2007; 337:1-24. [PMID: 17475423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interest in intranasal (IN) administration as a non-invasive route for drug delivery continues to grow rapidly. The nasal mucosa offers numerous benefits as a target issue for drug delivery, such as a large surface area for delivery, rapid drug onset, potential for central nervous system delivery, and no first-pass metabolism. A wide variety of therapeutic compounds can be delivered IN, including relatively large molecules such as peptides and proteins, particularly in the presence of permeation enhancers. The current review provides an in-depth discussion of therapeutic aspects of IN delivery including consideration of the intended indication, regimen, and patient population, as well as physicochemical properties of the drug itself. Case examples are provided to illustrate the utility of IN dosing. It is anticipated that the present review will prove useful for formulation scientists considering IN delivery as a delivery route.
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Leonard AK, Sileno AP, Brandt GC, Foerder CA, Quay SC, Costantino HR. In vitro formulation optimization of intranasal galantamine leading to enhanced bioavailability and reduced emetic response in vivo. Int J Pharm 2006; 335:138-146. [PMID: 17174048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Revised: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current investigation was to optimize an intranasal (IN) galantamine (an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for treatment of Alzheimer's disease) formulation using an in vitro tissue model, to correlate those results to in vivo bioavailability, and to compare emetic response to oral dosing. A design-of-experiments (DOE) based formulation screening employing an in vitro tissue model of human nasal epithelium was used to assess drug permeability, tight junction modulation, and cellular toxicity. In vivo studies in rats compared pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of different formulations dosed intranasally. Finally, studies in ferrets evaluated PK and gastrointestinal (GI) related side effects of oral compared to nasal dosage forms. Galantamine permeation was enhanced without increasing cytotoxicity. Pharmacokinetic testing in rats confirmed the improved drug bioavailability and demonstrated an in vitro-in vivo correlation. Compared to oral dosing, IN galantamine resulted in a dramatically lowered incidence of GI-related side effects, e.g., retching and emesis. These findings illustrate that IN delivery represents an attractive alternative to oral dosing for this important Alzheimer's disease therapeutic. To our knowledge, the data herein represent the first direct confirmation of reducing GI-related side effects for IN galantamine compared to oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Kays Leonard
- Nastech Pharmaceutical Company Inc., 3450 Monte Villa Parkway, Bothell, WA 98021, USA
| | - Anthony P Sileno
- Nastech Pharmaceutical Company Inc., 3450 Monte Villa Parkway, Bothell, WA 98021, USA
| | - Gordon C Brandt
- Nastech Pharmaceutical Company Inc., 3450 Monte Villa Parkway, Bothell, WA 98021, USA
| | - Charles A Foerder
- Nastech Pharmaceutical Company Inc., 3450 Monte Villa Parkway, Bothell, WA 98021, USA
| | - Steven C Quay
- Nastech Pharmaceutical Company Inc., 3450 Monte Villa Parkway, Bothell, WA 98021, USA
| | - Henry R Costantino
- Nastech Pharmaceutical Company Inc., 3450 Monte Villa Parkway, Bothell, WA 98021, USA.
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Schönfelder U, Radestock A, Elsner P, Hipler UC. Cyclodextrin-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes is caspase-8 dependent and accompanied by mitochondrial cytochromecrelease. Exp Dermatol 2006; 15:883-90. [PMID: 17002685 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides that are able to form inclusion complexes with a variety of substances. For pharmaceutical applications, CD-based drug formulations offer important advantages compared with uncomplexed drugs. These include improved water solubility of lipophilic drug molecules, increased chemical stability, as well as enhanced bioavailability and absorption rate. Also, a number of topical formulations for dermal and transdermal drug delivery contain CDs. However, the most frequently used CDs - beta-CD and MbetaCD - are known to extract cholesterol from plasma membranes and thus to cause cellular damage and cell death. In the present study, the influence of various CDs and CD derivatives on the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT was assessed. We found that beta-CD and MbetaCD induce apoptosis via the activator caspase-8, which subsequently activates the effector caspases-3/-7. Furthermore, beta-CD-induced apoptosis is accompanied by mitochondrial cytochrome c release. A significant shift from mitochondria into the cytosol was found. These findings may provide further rationale to the use of CDs in topical formulations for dermal and transdermal drug delivery or as raw material in order to functionalize textiles for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Schönfelder
- Department of Dermatology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
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21
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Chen SC, Eiting K, Cui K, Leonard AK, Morris D, Li CY, Farber K, Sileno AP, Houston ME, Johnson PH, Quay SC, Costantino HR. Therapeutic utility of a novel tight junction modulating peptide for enhancing intranasal drug delivery. J Pharm Sci 2006; 95:1364-71. [PMID: 16625659 DOI: 10.1002/jps.20510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Previously, a novel tight junction modulating (TJM) peptide was described affording a transient, reversible lowering of transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in an in vitro model of nasal epithelial tissue. In the current report, this peptide has been further evaluated for utility as an excipient in transepithelial drug formulations. Chemical stability was optimal at neutral to acidic pH when stored at or below room temperature, conditions relevant to therapeutic formulations. The TJM peptide was tested in the in vitro tissue model for potential to enhance permeation of a low-molecular-weight (LMW) drug, namely the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine, as well as three peptides, salmon calcitonin, parathyroid hormone 1-34 (PTH(1-34)), and peptide YY 3-36 (PYY(3-36)). In all cases, the TJM peptide afforded a dramatic improvement in drug permeation across epithelial tissue. In addition, a formulation containing PYY(3-36) and TJM peptide was dosed intranasally in rabbits, resulting in a dramatic increase in bioavailability. The TJM peptide was as or more effective in enhancing PYY(3-36) permeation in vivo at a 1000-fold lower molar concentration compared to using LMW enhancers. Based on these in vitro and in vivo data, the novel TJM peptide represents a promising advancement in intranasal formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chih Chen
- Nastech Pharmaceutical Company Inc., 3450 Monte Villa Parkway, Bothell, WA, USA
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