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Drozd M, Kobylska E, Żmieńko M, Chudy M. Sensitive and label-free SPR biosensing platforms for high-throughput screening of plasma membrane receptors interactions with insulin-like targets of hypoglycaemic activity. Talanta 2024; 274:125914. [PMID: 38537356 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Progress in medical sciences aims for tailored therapy of civilization diseases like diabetes. Preclinical screening of new medicines superior to insulin should include the verification of their affinity to the membrane receptors naturally stimulated by this hormone: insulin receptor isoforms A and B and insulin-like growth factor receptor. Considering that the affinity constants obtained using different experimental conditions are incomparable, it is essential to develop a robust and reliable method to analyze these interactions. The versatile SPR platform developed in this study enables the evaluation of the bioactivity of hypoglycaemic molecules. Thanks to the comprehensive characterization of miscellaneous aspects of the analytical platform, including the design of the SPR biosensor receptor layer, ensuring interaction specificity, as well as the quality control of the standards used (human insulin, HI; long-acting insulin analog: glargine, Gla), the feasibility of the method of equilibrium and kinetic constants determination for insulin-like targets was confirmed. SPR assays constructed in the direct format using IR-A, IR-B, and IGF1-R receptor proteins show high sensitivities and low detection limits towards insulin and glargine detection in the range of 18.3-53.3 nM with no signs of mass transport limitations. The improved analytical performance and stability of SPR biosensors favor the acquisition of good-quality kinetic data, while preservation of receptors activity after binding to long-chain carboxymethyldextran, combined with spontaneous regeneration, results in stability and long shelf life of the biosensor, which makes it useful for label-free insulin analogs biosensing and thus extensive screening in diabetic drugs discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Drozd
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland; Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Poleczki 19, 02-822, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kobylska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland; Łukasiewicz - Industrial Chemistry Institute, Rydygiera 8, 01-793, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Żmieńko
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Chudy
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland.
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2
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Hadid S, Zhang E, Frishman WH, Brutsaert E. Insulin's Legacy: A Century of Breakthroughs and Innovation. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00229. [PMID: 38477588 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The clinical use of insulin to treat diabetes started just over 100 years ago. The past century has witnessed remarkable innovations in insulin therapy, evolving from animal organ extracts to bioengineered human insulins with ultra-rapid onset or prolonged action. Insulin delivery systems have also progressed to current automated insulin delivery systems. In this review, we discuss the history of insulin and the pharmacology and therapeutic indications for a variety of available insulins, especially newer analog insulins. We highlight recent advances in insulin pump therapy and review evidence on the therapeutic benefits of automated insulin delivery. As with any form of progress, there have been setbacks, and insulin has recently faced an affordability crisis. We address the challenges of insulin accessibility, along with recent progress to improve insulin affordability. Finally, we mention research on glucose-responsive insulins and hepato-preferential insulins that are likely to shape the future of insulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somar Hadid
- From the School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla NY
| | - Emily Zhang
- From the School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla NY
| | - William H Frishman
- From the School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla NY
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla NY
| | - Erika Brutsaert
- From the School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla NY
- Department of Endocrinology, Westchester Medical Center, Hawthorne NY
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3
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Xian S, Xiang Y, Liu D, Fan B, Mitrová K, Ollier RC, Su B, Alloosh MA, Jiráček J, Sturek M, Alloosh M, Webber MJ. Insulin-Dendrimer Nanocomplex for Multi-Day Glucose-Responsive Therapy in Mice and Swine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308965. [PMID: 37994248 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The management of diabetes in a manner offering autonomous insulin therapy responsive to glucose-directed need, and moreover with a dosing schedule amenable to facile administration, remains an ongoing goal to improve the standard of care. While basal insulins with reduced dosing frequency, even once-weekly administration, are on the horizon, there is still no approved therapy that offers glucose-responsive insulin function. Herein, a nanoscale complex combining both electrostatic- and dynamic-covalent interactions between a synthetic dendrimer carrier and an insulin analogue modified with a high-affinity glucose-binding motif yields an injectable insulin depot affording both glucose-directed and long-lasting insulin availability. Following a single injection, it is even possible to control blood glucose for at least one week in diabetic swine subjected to daily oral glucose challenges. Measurements of serum insulin concentration in response to challenge show increases in insulin corresponding to elevated blood glucose levels, an uncommon finding even in preclinical work on glucose-responsive insulin. Accordingly, the subcutaneous nanocomplex that results from combining electrostatic- and dynamic-covalent interactions between a modified insulin and a synthetic dendrimer carrier affords a glucose-responsive insulin depot for week-long control following a single routine injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Xian
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, 105 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Yuanhui Xiang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, 105 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Dongping Liu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, 105 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Bowen Fan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, 105 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Katarína Mitrová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Prague, 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Rachel C Ollier
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, 105 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Bo Su
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, 105 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | | | - Jiří Jiráček
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Prague, 16610, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Matthew J Webber
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, 105 McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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4
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Das A, Shah M, Saraogi I. Molecular Aspects of Insulin Aggregation and Various Therapeutic Interventions. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:205-221. [PMID: 37101572 PMCID: PMC10114644 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.1c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation leading to the formation of amyloid fibrils has various adverse effects on human health ranging from fatigue and numbness to organ failure and death in extreme cases. Insulin, a peptide hormone commonly used to treat diabetes, undergoes aggregation at the site of repeated injections in diabetic patients as well as during its industrial production and transport. The reduced bioavailability of insulin due to aggregation hinders the proper control of glucose levels in diabetic patients. Thus, it is necessary to develop rational approaches for inhibiting insulin aggregation, which in turn requires a detailed understanding of the mechanism of fibrillation. Given the relative simplicity of insulin and ease of access, insulin has also served as a model system for studying amyloids. Approaches to inhibit insulin aggregation have included the use of natural molecules, synthetic peptides or small molecules, and bacterial chaperone machinery. This review focuses on insulin aggregation with an emphasis on its mechanism, the structural features of insulin fibrils, and the reported inhibitors that act at different stages in the aggregation pathway. We discuss molecules that can serve as leads for improved inhibitors for use in commercial insulin formulations. We also discuss the aggregation propensity of fast- and slow-acting insulin biosimilars, commonly administered to diabetic patients. The development of better insulin aggregation inhibitors and insights into their mechanism of action will not only aid diabetic therapies, but also enhance our knowledge of protein amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Das
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research
Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mosami Shah
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research
Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ishu Saraogi
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research
Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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5
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Bock F, Lin E, Larsen C, Jensen H, Huus K, Larsen SW, Østergaard J. Towards in vitro in vivo correlation for modified release subcutaneously administered insulins. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 145:105239. [PMID: 31987985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins and peptides are mainly administrated by subcutaneous injection. In vitro release testing of subcutaneous injectables performed using methods that take the structure and environment of the subcutaneous tissue into account may improve predictability of the in vivo behavior and thereby facilitate establishment of in vitro in vivo correlations. The aim of the study was to develop a biopredictive flow-through in vitro release method with a gel-type matrix for subcutaneously administered formulations and to explore the possibility of establishing a level A in vitro in vivo correlation for selected insulin products. A novel gel-based flow-through method with the incorporation of an injection step was used to assess selected commercial insulin formulations with different duration of action (Actrapid®, Mixtard® 30, Insulatard®, Lantus®). The in vitro release method provided the correct rank ordering in relation to the in vivo performance. For the modified release insulins Insulatard® and Lantus®, an in vitro in vivo correlation using non-linear time scaling was established based on the in vitro release data and in vivo subcutaneous absorption data of the 125I-labeled insulins taken from literature. Predicted absorption profiles were constructed using the in vitro in vivo correlation and subsequently converted into simulated plasma profiles. The approach taken may be of wider utility in characterizing injectables for subcutaneous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Bock
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Eva Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark; Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, Måløv DK-2760, Denmark
| | - Claus Larsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Henrik Jensen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Kasper Huus
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, Måløv DK-2760, Denmark
| | - Susan Weng Larsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Jesper Østergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark.
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6
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Geraldes DC, Beraldo-de-Araújo VL, Pardo BOP, Pessoa Junior A, Stephano MA, de Oliveira-Nascimento L. Protein drug delivery: current dosage form profile and formulation strategies. J Drug Target 2019; 28:339-355. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1669043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Costa Geraldes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Biochemistry and Tissue Biology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Lucia Beraldo-de-Araújo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Biochemistry and Tissue Biology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Laura de Oliveira-Nascimento
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Biochemistry and Tissue Biology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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7
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Garcia‐Seisdedos H, Villegas JA, Levy ED. Infinite Ansammlungen gefalteter Proteine im Kontext von Evolution, Krankheiten und Proteinentwicklung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - José A. Villegas
- Department of Structural BiologyWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Emmanuel D. Levy
- Department of Structural BiologyWeizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
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8
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Garcia-Seisdedos H, Villegas JA, Levy ED. Infinite Assembly of Folded Proteins in Evolution, Disease, and Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5514-5531. [PMID: 30133878 PMCID: PMC6471489 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mutations and changes in a protein's environment are well known for their potential to induce misfolding and aggregation, including amyloid formation. Alternatively, such perturbations can trigger new interactions that lead to the polymerization of folded proteins. In contrast to aggregation, this process does not require misfolding and, to highlight this difference, we refer to it as agglomeration. This term encompasses the amorphous assembly of folded proteins as well as the polymerization in one, two, or three dimensions. We stress the remarkable potential of symmetric homo‐oligomers to agglomerate even by single surface point mutations, and we review the double‐edged nature of this potential: how aberrant assemblies resulting from agglomeration can lead to disease, but also how agglomeration can serve in cellular adaptation and be exploited for the rational design of novel biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José A Villegas
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Emmanuel D Levy
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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9
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Hochberg I. Insulin Detemir Use Is Associated With Higher Occurrence of Hypoglycemia in Hospitalized Patients With Hypoalbuminemia. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:e44-e46. [PMID: 29437697 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irit Hochberg
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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10
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Adams GG, Meal A, Morgan PS, Alzahrani QE, Zobel H, Lithgo R, Kok MS, Besong DTM, Jiwani SI, Ballance S, Harding SE, Chayen N, Gillis RB. Characterisation of insulin analogues therapeutically available to patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195010. [PMID: 29596514 PMCID: PMC5875863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and function of clinical dosage insulin and its analogues were assessed. This included ‘native insulins’ (human recombinant, bovine, porcine), ‘fast-acting analogues’ (aspart, glulisine, lispro) and ‘slow-acting analogues’ (glargine, detemir, degludec). Analytical ultracentrifugation, both sedimentation velocity and equilibrium experiments, were employed to yield distributions of both molar mass and sedimentation coefficient of all nine insulins. Size exclusion chromatography, coupled to multi-angle light scattering, was also used to explore the function of these analogues. On ultracentrifugation analysis, the insulins under investigation were found to be in numerous conformational states, however the majority of insulins were present in a primarily hexameric conformation. This was true for all native insulins and two fast-acting analogues. However, glargine was present as a dimer, detemir was a multi-hexameric system, degludec was a dodecamer (di-hexamer) and glulisine was present as a dimer-hexamer-dihexamer system. However, size-exclusion chromatography showed that the two hexameric fast-acting analogues (aspart and lispro) dissociated into monomers and dimers due to the lack of zinc in the mobile phase. This comprehensive study is the first time all nine insulins have been characterised in this way, the first time that insulin detemir have been studied using analytical ultracentrifugation and the first time that insulins aspart and glulisine have been studied using sedimentation equilibrium. The structure and function of these clinically administered insulins is of critical importance and this research adds novel data to an otherwise complex functional physiological protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary G. Adams
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (GGA); (RBG)
| | - Andrew Meal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S. Morgan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Qushmua E. Alzahrani
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- Taif University, Faculty of Science, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ryan Lithgo
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - M. Samil Kok
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Department of Food Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - David T. M. Besong
- Functional Nanomaterials Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahwar I. Jiwani
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen E. Harding
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Chayen
- Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard B. Gillis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (GGA); (RBG)
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11
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Silva CP, Martínez JH, Martínez KD, Farías ME, Leskow FC, Pérez OE. Proposed molecular model for electrostatic interactions between insulin and chitosan. Nano-complexation and activity in cultured cells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Improving Biopharmaceutical Safety through Verification-Based Quality Control. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:1140-1155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Leung DH, Kapoor Y, Alleyne C, Walsh E, Leithead A, Habulihaz B, Salituro GM, Bak A, Rhodes T. Development of a Convenient In Vitro Gel Diffusion Model for Predicting the In Vivo Performance of Subcutaneous Parenteral Formulations of Large and Small Molecules. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2203-2213. [PMID: 28070846 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenteral delivery remains a compelling drug delivery route for both large- and small-molecule drugs and can bypass issues encountered with oral absorption. For injectable drug products, there is a strong patient preference for subcutaneous administration due to its convenience over intravenous infusion. However, in subcutaneous injection, in contrast to intravenous administration, the formulation is in contact with an extracellular matrix environment that behaves more like a gel than a fluid. This can impact the expected performance of a formulation. Since typical bulk fluid dissolution studies do not accurately simulate the subcutaneous environment, improved in vitro models to help better predict the behavior of the formulation are critical. Herein, we detail the development of a new model system consisting of a more physiologically relevant gel phase to simulate the rate of drug release and diffusion from a subcutaneous injection site using agarose hydrogels as a tissue mimic. This is coupled with continuous real-time data collection to accurately monitor drug diffusion. We show how this in vitro model can be used as an in vivo performance differentiator for different formulations of both large and small molecules. Thus, this model system can be used to improve optimization and understanding of new parenteral drug formulations in a rapid and convenient manner.
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14
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Taraban MB, Truong HC, Feng Y, Jouravleva EV, Anisimov MA, Yu YB. Water Proton NMR for In Situ Detection of Insulin Aggregates. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:4132-4141. [PMID: 26344698 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The need for quality control during the manufacturing and distribution of biopharmaceuticals is becoming increasingly necessary. At present, detecting drug degradation through the monitoring of active factor aggregation is accomplished through "invasive" techniques, such as size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), and so on. Unfortunately, these analytical methods require sampling the drug by opening the drug container that renders the remaining drug unusable regardless of the outcome of the test. Visual inspection, the current non-invasive quality control method is qualitative and can only detect visible particulates. Thus, it will miss sub-visible protein aggregates. In this paper, human insulin preparations were used to demonstrate that the transverse relaxation rate of water protons R2 ((1) H2 O) can serve as a sensitive and reliable indicator to detect and quantify both visible and sub-visible protein aggregates. R2 ((1) H2 O) is measured using a wide-bore low-field bench-top NMR instrument with permanent magnets. Such analysis could be carried out without opening the drug container, thus saving a drug for further use. The results suggest a novel, economical, non-destructive in situ analytical technique that allows for on-the-site quantification of protein aggregation in biopharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc B Taraban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Huy C Truong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Elena V Jouravleva
- Light Scattering Center, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Mikhail A Anisimov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Yihua Bruce Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201.
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15
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Biosimilars and biobetters as tools for understanding and mitigating the immunogenicity of biotherapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:1282-8. [PMID: 22796124 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we review key steps for the development of biosimilars and biobetters and related bioanalytical challenges, with a focus on how they are associated with immunogenicity. We analyze the factors that can impact antidrug antibody (ADA) responses and their correlations with preclinical and clinical outcomes to provide relevant insights and to answer questions, including what types of aggregate are immunogenic. We also address strategies for developing less-immunogenic biotherapeutics. Using interferon-β (IFN-β) as a case study, we explore the correlation between aggregation and immunogenicity. We dissect and integrate with clinical data the IFN-β preclinical immunogenicity and aggregation predictions and discuss the feasibility of developing an IFN-β with lower aggregation and/or immunogenicity.
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16
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Abstract
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) demonstrated the importance of optimal glycemic control achieved through intensive insulin therapy in reducing the microvascular complications associated with type 1 diabetes. However, the DCCT, which was conducted prior to the availability of insulin analogs, also reported a significant increase in severe hypoglycemia with intensive versus conventional therapy. Insulin analogs were developed to aid patients in achieving better diabetes control by providing insulins with optimized pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. Insulin glargine was the first long-acting insulin analog with a 24-h duration of action, offering once-daily injection, and has now been in clinical use for over 10 years. The authors performed a systematic search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science (Science Citation Index) to determine the efficacy of insulin glargine in type 1 diabetes in basal-bolus insulin regimens. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that glycemic control with insulin glargine is at least comparable to that with neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin in adults and in children and adolescents, and with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in adults. However, these same trials show a significantly lower risk for hypoglycemia with insulin glargine compared with NPH insulin in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Garg
- Barbara Davis Campus for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado-Denver, 1775 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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17
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Villari V, Micali N. Light Scattering as Spectroscopic Tool for the Study of Disperse Systems Useful in Pharmaceutical Sciences. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:1703-30. [PMID: 17803199 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of colloidal systems in pharmaceutical formulations, for addressing the issue of selective and controlled drug delivery or for improving drug availability, requires an accurate previous characterization of their chemical and physical properties. Light scattering is a useful and non-invasive method to study the structure and conformation of colloids in a wide space-scale, encompassing nanometric- to micrometric-sized particles, as well as their size distribution, surface electrostatic potential and aggregation phenomena occurring under proper conditions. In this review the physical bases of the light scattering approach are described and many examples are reported to discuss the examination of various multiphase systems useful in pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Villari
- CNR-Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via La Farina 237, 98123 Messina, Italy.
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