1
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Abdelgawad N, Chirehwa M, Schutz C, Barr D, Ward A, Janssen S, Burton R, Wilkinson RJ, Shey M, Wiesner L, McIlleron H, Maartens G, Meintjes G, Denti P. Pharmacokinetics of antitubercular drugs in patients hospitalized with HIV-associated tuberculosis: a population modeling analysis. Wellcome Open Res 2024; 7:72. [PMID: 37008250 PMCID: PMC10050909 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17660.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Early mortality among hospitalized HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB/HIV) patients is high despite treatment. The pharmacokinetics of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide were investigated in hospitalized TB/HIV patients and a cohort of outpatients with TB (with or without HIV) to determine whether drug exposures differed between groups. Methods Standard first-line TB treatment was given daily as per national guidelines, which consisted of oral 4-drug fixed-dose combination tablets containing 150 mg rifampicin, 75 mg isoniazid, 400 mg pyrazinamide, and 275 mg ethambutol. Plasma samples were drawn on the 3rd day of treatment over eight hours post-dose. Rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide in plasma were quantified and NONMEM ® was used to analyze the data. Results Data from 60 hospitalized patients (11 of whom died within 12 weeks of starting treatment) and 48 outpatients were available. Median (range) weight and age were 56 (35 - 88) kg, and 37 (19 - 77) years, respectively. Bioavailability and clearance of the three drugs were similar between TB/HIV hospitalized and TB outpatients. However, rifampicin's absorption was slower in hospitalized patients than in outpatients; mean absorption time was 49.9% and 154% more in hospitalized survivors and hospitalized deaths, respectively, than in outpatients. Higher levels of conjugated bilirubin correlated with lower rifampicin clearance. Isoniazid's clearance estimates were 25.5 L/h for fast metabolizers and 9.76 L/h for slow metabolizers. Pyrazinamide's clearance was more variable among hospitalized patients. The variability in clearance among patients was 1.70 and 3.56 times more for hospitalized survivors and hospitalized deaths, respectively, than outpatients. Conclusions We showed that the pharmacokinetics of first-line TB drugs are not substantially different between hospitalized TB/HIV patients and TB (with or without HIV) outpatients. Hospitalized patients do not seem to be underexposed compared to their outpatient counterparts, as well as hospitalized patients who survived vs who died within 12 weeks of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Abdelgawad
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Maxwell Chirehwa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Charlotte Schutz
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - David Barr
- Wellcome Trust Liverpool Glasgow Centre for Global Health Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Amy Ward
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Saskia Janssen
- Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 19268, The Netherlands
| | - Rosie Burton
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Khayelitsha Hospital, Department of Medicine, Khayelitsha, 7784, South Africa
| | - Robert J. Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Muki Shey
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Lubbe Wiesner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Helen McIlleron
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Gary Maartens
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Paolo Denti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
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2
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Singh A, Das SS, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK, Singh SK. Biopolymer-Capped Pyrazinamide-Loaded Colloidosomes: In Vitro Characterization and Bioavailability Studies. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25515-25524. [PMID: 37483176 PMCID: PMC10357575 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare colloidosome particles loaded with pyrazinamide (PZA). These drug-loaded colloidosomes were prepared using an in situ gelation technique using a central composite design with a shell made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles. Optimal amounts of 150 mg of CaCO3, sodium alginate (2%), and 400 mg of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy valerate) (PHBV) concentration resulted in the maximum drug loading and efficient release profile. Field emission scanning electron microscopy results showed spherical porous particles with a good coating of the PHBV polymer. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed good compatibility between the drug and excipients. The pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that the drug-loaded colloidosomes resulted in 4.26 times higher plasma drug concentrations with Cmax values of 32.386 ± 2.744 mcg/mL (PZA solution) and 115.868 ± 53.581 mcg/mL (PZA-loaded colloidosomes) and AUC0-t values of 61.24 mcg-h/mL (PZA solution) and 260.9 mcg-h/mL (PZA-loaded colloidosomes), indicating that colloidosomes have the potential to be effective drug carriers for delivering PZA to the target site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Singh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sabya Sachi Das
- School
of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, Espoo 00076, Finland
- Faculty
of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
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Lozano JD, Velasquez-Diaz S, Galindo-Leon L, Sanchez C, Jiménez E, Macías MA. Co-crystals of pyrazinamide (PZA) with terephthalic (TPH) and trimesic (TMS) acids: Structural insights and dissolution study. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Abdelgawad N, Chirehwa M, Schutz C, Barr D, Ward A, Janssen S, Burton R, Wilkinson RJ, Shey M, Wiesner L, McIlleron H, Maartens G, Meintjes G, Denti P. Pharmacokinetics of antitubercular drugs in patients hospitalized with HIV-associated tuberculosis: a population modeling analysis. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7:72. [PMID: 37008250 PMCID: PMC10050909 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17660.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early mortality among hospitalized HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB/HIV) patients is high despite treatment. The pharmacokinetics of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide were investigated in hospitalized TB/HIV patients and a cohort of outpatients with TB (with or without HIV) to determine whether drug exposures differed between groups. METHODS Standard first-line TB treatment was given daily as per national guidelines, which consisted of oral 4-drug fixed-dose combination tablets containing 150 mg rifampicin, 75 mg isoniazid, 400 mg pyrazinamide, and 275 mg ethambutol. Plasma samples were drawn on the 3rd day of treatment over eight hours post-dose. Rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide in plasma were quantified and NONMEM ® was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Data from 60 hospitalized patients (11 of whom died within 12 weeks of starting treatment) and 48 outpatients were available. Median (range) weight and age were 56 (35 - 88) kg, and 37 (19 - 77) years, respectively. Bioavailability and clearance of the three drugs were similar between TB/HIV hospitalized and TB outpatients. However, rifampicin's absorption was slower in hospitalized patients than in outpatients; mean absorption time was 49.9% and 154% more in hospitalized survivors and hospitalized deaths, respectively, than in outpatients. Higher levels of conjugated bilirubin correlated with lower rifampicin clearance. Isoniazid's clearance estimates were 25.5 L/h for fast metabolizers and 9.76 L/h for slow metabolizers. Pyrazinamide's clearance was more variable among hospitalized patients. The variability in clearance among patients was 1.70 and 3.56 times more for hospitalized survivors and hospitalized deaths, respectively, than outpatients. Conclusion. We showed that the pharmacokinetics of first-line TB drugs are not substantially different between hospitalized TB/HIV patients and TB (with or without HIV) outpatients. Hospitalized patients do not seem to be underexposed compared to their outpatient counterparts, as well as hospitalized patients who survived vs who died within 12 weeks of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Abdelgawad
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Maxwell Chirehwa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Charlotte Schutz
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - David Barr
- Wellcome Trust Liverpool Glasgow Centre for Global Health Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Amy Ward
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Saskia Janssen
- Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 19268, The Netherlands
| | - Rosie Burton
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Khayelitsha Hospital, Department of Medicine, Khayelitsha, 7784, South Africa
| | - Robert J. Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Muki Shey
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Lubbe Wiesner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Helen McIlleron
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Gary Maartens
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Paolo Denti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
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High-Pressure Polymorphism in Hydrogen-Bonded Crystals: A Concise Review. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-pressure polymorphism is a developing interdisciplinary field. Pressure up to 20 GPa is a powerful thermodynamic parameter for the study and fabrication of hydrogen-bonded polymorphic systems. This review describes how pressure can be used to explore polymorphism and surveys the reports on examples of compounds that our group has studied at high pressures. Such studies have provided insight into the nature of structure–property relationships, which will enable crystal engineering to design crystals with desired architectures through hydrogen-bonded networks. Experimental methods are also briefly surveyed, along with two methods that have proven to be very helpful in the analysis of high-pressure polymorphs, namely, the ab initio pseudopotential plane–wave density functional method and using Hirshfeld surfaces to construct a graphical overview of intermolecular interactions.
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6
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Pharmacoengineered Lipid Core–Shell Nanoarchitectonics to Influence Human Alveolar Macrophages Uptake for Drug Targeting Against Tuberculosis. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Abdelgawad N, Chirehwa M, Schutz C, Barr D, Ward A, Janssen S, Burton R, Wilkinson RJ, Shey M, Wiesner L, McIlleron H, Maartens G, Meintjes G, Denti P. A comparison of the population pharmacokinetics of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide between hospitalized and non-hospitalized tuberculosis patients with or without HIV. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7:72. [PMID: 37008250 PMCID: PMC10050909 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17660.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early mortality among hospitalized HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB/HIV) patients is high despite treatment. The pharmacokinetics of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide were investigated in hospitalized TB/HIV patients and a cohort of outpatients with TB (with or without HIV) to determine whether drug exposures differed between groups. METHODS Standard first-line TB treatment was given daily as per national guidelines, which consisted of oral 4-drug fixed-dose combination tablets containing 150 mg rifampicin, 75 mg isoniazid, 400 mg pyrazinamide, and 275 mg ethambutol. Plasma samples were drawn on the 3rd day of treatment over eight hours post-dose. Rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide in plasma were quantified and NONMEM ® was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Data from 60 hospitalized patients (11 of whom died within 12 weeks of starting treatment) and 48 outpatients were available. Median (range) weight and age were 56 (35 - 88) kg, and 37 (19 - 77) years, respectively. Bioavailability and clearance of the three drugs were similar between TB/HIV hospitalized and TB outpatients. However, rifampicin's absorption was slower in hospitalized patients than in outpatients; mean absorption time was 49.9% and 154% more in hospitalized survivors and hospitalized deaths, respectively, than in outpatients. Higher levels of conjugated bilirubin correlated with lower rifampicin clearance. Isoniazid's clearance estimates were 25.5 L/h for fast metabolizers and 9.76 L/h for slow metabolizers. Pyrazinamide's clearance was more variable among hospitalized patients. The variability in clearance among patients was 1.70 and 3.56 times more for hospitalized survivors and hospitalized deaths, respectively, than outpatients. Conclusion. We showed that the pharmacokinetics of first-line TB drugs are not substantially different between hospitalized TB/HIV patients and TB (with or without HIV) outpatients. Hospitalized patients do not seem to be underexposed compared to their outpatient counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Abdelgawad
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Maxwell Chirehwa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Charlotte Schutz
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - David Barr
- Wellcome Trust Liverpool Glasgow Centre for Global Health Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Amy Ward
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Saskia Janssen
- Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 19268, The Netherlands
| | - Rosie Burton
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Khayelitsha Hospital, Department of Medicine, Khayelitsha, 7784, South Africa
| | - Robert J. Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Muki Shey
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Lubbe Wiesner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Helen McIlleron
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Gary Maartens
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Paolo Denti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
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8
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Yang X, Zhu J, Chen Z, Chen B, Jin S, Liu B, Wang D. Seven cocrystals of pyrazinamide and organic acids by H-bonds and some noncovalent associations. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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9
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Strategy to counteract the pyrazinamide induced hepatotoxicity by developing naringin based Co-amorphous system with supplementary benefits. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Thalla M, Jala A, Borkar RM, Banerjee S. Development and validation of UPLC-MS/MS method for in vitro quantitative analysis of pyrazinamide in lipid core-shell nanoarchitectonics for improved metabolic stability. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2021. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2021.00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPyrazinamide (PZA), a medication for tuberculosis, has high aqueous solubility and low permeability, undergoes extensive liver metabolism, and exhibits liver toxicity through its metabolites. To avoid this, PZA in lipid core-shell nanoarchitectonics has been formulated to target lymphatic uptake and provide metabolic stability to the incorporated drug. The UPLC-MS/MS method for reliable in vitro quantitative analysis of pyrazinamide (PZA) in lipid core-shell nanoarchitectonics as per ICH guidance was developed and validated using the HILIC column. The developed UPLC-MS/MS method is a simple, precise, accurate, reproducible, and sensitive method for the estimation of PZA in PZA-loaded lipid core-shell nanoarchitectonics for the in vitro determination of % entrapment efficiency, % loading of pyrazinamide, and microsomal stability of lipid core-shell nanoarchitectonics in human liver microsomes. The % entrapment efficiency was found to be 42.72% (±12.60). Lipid nanoarchitectonics was found to be stable in human liver microsomes, where %QH was found to be 6.20%, that is, low clearance. Thus, this formulation is suitable for preventing PZA-mediated extensive liver metabolism. These findings are relevant for the development of other lipid-mediated, suitable, stable nanoformulations containing PZA through various in vitro methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maharshi Thalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari-781101, Kamrup, Assam, India
| | - Aishwarya Jala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, NIPER-Guwahati, Changsari-781101, Kamrup, Assam, India
| | - Roshan M. Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, NIPER-Guwahati, Changsari-781101, Kamrup, Assam, India
| | - Subham Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari-781101, Kamrup, Assam, India
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11
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An Assessment of Occasional Bio-Inequivalence for BCS1 and BCS3 Drugs: What are the Underlying Reasons? J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:124-134. [PMID: 34363838 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite having adequate solubility properties, bioequivalence (BE) studies performed on immediate release formulations containing BCS1/3 drugs occasionally fail. By systematically evaluating a set of 17 soluble drugs where unexpected BE failures have been reported and comparing to a set of 29 drugs where no such reports have been documented, a broad assessment of the risk factors leading to BE failure was performed. BE failures for BCS1/3 drugs were predominantly related to changes in Cmax rather than AUC. Cmax changes were typically modest, with minimal clinical significance for most drugs. Overall, drugs with a sharp plasma peak were identified as a key factor in BE failure risk. A new pharmacokinetic term (t½Cmax) is proposed to identify drugs at higher risk due to their peak plasma profile shape. In addition, the analysis revealed that weak acids, and drugs with particularly high gastric solubility are potentially more vulnerable to BE failure, particularly when these features are combined with a sharp Cmax peak. BCS3 drugs, which are often characterised as being more vulnerable to BE failure due to their potential for permeation and transit to be altered, particularly by excipient change, were not in general at greater risk of BE failures. These findings will help to inform how biowaivers may be optimally applied in the future.
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12
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Optimal Design, Characterization and Preliminary Safety Evaluation of an Edible Orodispersible Formulation for Pediatric Tuberculosis Pharmacotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165714. [PMID: 32784947 PMCID: PMC7460872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The severity of tuberculosis (TB) in children is considered a global crisis compounded by the scarcity of pharmaceutical formulations suitable for pediatric use. The purpose of this study was to optimally develop and evaluate a pyrazinamide containing edible orodispersible film formulation potentially suitable for use in pediatrics actively infected with TB. The formulation was prepared employing aqueous-particulate blending and solvent casting methods facilitated by a high performance Box Behnken experimental design template. The optimized orodispersible formulation was mechanically robust, flexible, easy to handle, exhibited rapid disintegration with initial matrix collapse occurring under 60 s (0.58 ± 0.05 min ≡ 34.98 ± 3.00 s) and pyrazinamide release was controlled by anomalous diffusion coupled with matrix disintegration and erosion mechanisms. It was microporous in nature, light weight (57.5 ± 0.5 mg) with an average diameter of 10.5 mm and uniformly distributed pyrazinamide load of 101.13 ± 2.03 %w/w. The formulation was physicochemically stable with no evidence of destructive drug–excipient interactions founded on outcomes of characterization and environmental stability investigations. Preliminary inquiries revealed that the orodispersible formulation was cytobiocompatible, palatable and remained intact under specific storage conditions. Summarily, an edible pyrazinamide containing orodispersible film formulation was optimally designed to potentially improve TB pharmacotherapy in children, particularly the under 5 year olds.
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13
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Keating AV, Soto J, Forbes C, Zhao M, Craig DQM, Tuleu C. Multi-Methodological Quantitative Taste Assessment of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs to Support the Development of Palatable Paediatric Dosage Forms. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040369. [PMID: 32316692 PMCID: PMC7238065 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The unpalatability of antituberculosis drugs is often cited as a major cause of non-adherence in children, yet limited quantitative taste assessment data are available. The aim of this research was to quantify the bitterness of isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol dihydrochloride using two in vivo (a human taste panel and a rat brief-access taste aversion (BATA) model) and one in vitro (sensor) method. The response of the Insent TS-5000Z electronic tongue was compared to the in vivo drug concentration found to elicit and suppress half the maximum taste response (EC50 in human and IC50 in rats). Using dose-relevant concentrations, an overarching rank order of bitterness was derived (rifampicin > ethambutol > pyrazinamid~isoniazid). In vitro, only ethambutol exhibited a linear response for all sensors/concentrations. Based on the EC50/IC50 generated, a ‘taste index’ was proposed to allow for anticipation of the likelihood of taste issues in practice, taking in account the saturability in the saliva and therapeutic doses; ethambutol and isoniazid were found to be the worst tasting using this measure. The study presents the first quantitative taste analysis of these life-saving drugs and has allowed for a comparison of three methods of obtaining such data. Such information allows the operator to identify and prioritise the drugs requiring taste masking to produce palatable formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison V. Keating
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (A.V.K.); (J.S.); (D.Q.M.C.)
| | - Jessica Soto
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (A.V.K.); (J.S.); (D.Q.M.C.)
| | - Claire Forbes
- Pfizer R&D UK Ltd., Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9ND, UK;
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK;
| | - Duncan Q. M. Craig
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (A.V.K.); (J.S.); (D.Q.M.C.)
| | - Catherine Tuleu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (A.V.K.); (J.S.); (D.Q.M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-207-753-5857
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14
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Drozd KV, Manin AN, Perlovich GL. Comparative analysis of experimental methods for determining thermodynamic parameters of formation of multi-component molecular crystals: Benefits and limitations. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Yan Y, Ma J, Bo X, Guo L. Rod-like Co based metal-organic framework embedded into mesoporous carbon composite modified glassy carbon electrode for effective detection of pyrazinamide and isonicotinyl hydrazide in biological samples. Talanta 2019; 205:120138. [PMID: 31450409 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a novel composite fabricated via embedding rod-like Co based metal-organic framework (Co-MOF-74) crystals into MC matrix for the first time. The introduction of MC astricts the size of Co-MOF-74 crystals, enlarges the pore size and improves the electrical conductivity, which lead to the good electrochemical properties of the composite. The fabricated sensor based on Co-MOF-74@MC exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of pyrazinamide (PZA) and the oxidation of isonicotinyl hydrazide (INZ). Under optimized conditions, the sensor shows two linear ranges from 0.3 to 46.5 μM and 46.5-166.5 μM with a high sensitivity of 7.2 μA μM-1 cm-2 and a detection limit of 0.21 μM for the determination of PZA. The electroanalytical sensing of INZ also gives two linear ranges of 0.15-1.55 μM and 1.55-592.55 μM with a detection limit of 0.094 μM. The mechanism involved was also discussed, briefly. The sensor is assessed toward the detection of PZA and INZ in human serum and urine samples. Recovery values varied from 97.08 to 103.20% for PZA sensing and 96.67-102.90% for INZ sensing, revealing the promising practicality of sensor for PZA and INZ detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, PR China
| | - Jicheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, PR China.
| | - Xiangjie Bo
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, PR China
| | - Liping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, PR China.
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16
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Gatarić B, Parojčić J. Application of data mining approach to identify drug subclasses based on solubility and permeability. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2019; 40:51-61. [PMID: 30635908 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Solubility and permeability are recognized as key parameters governing drug intestinal absorption and represent the basis for biopharmaceutics drug classification. The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) is widely accepted and adopted by regulatory agencies. However, currently established low/high permeability and solubility boundaries are the subject of the ongoing scientific discussion. The aim of the present study was to apply data mining analysis on the selected drugs data set in order to develop a human permeability predictive model based on selected molecular descriptors, and to perform data clustering and classification to identify drug subclasses with respect to dose/solubility ratio (D/S) and effective permeability (Peff ). The Peff values predicted for 30 model drugs for which experimental human permeability data are not available were in good agreement with the reported fraction of drug absorbed. The results of clustering and classification analysis indicate the predominant influence of Peff over D/S. Two Peff cut-off values (1 × 10-4 and 2.7 × 10-4 cm/s) have been identified indicating the existence of an intermediate group of drugs with moderate permeability. Advanced computational analysis employed in the present study enabled the recognition of complex relationships and patterns within physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties associated with drug bioperformance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Gatarić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Banja Luka - Faculty of Medicine, Save Mrkalja 14, 78000, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Hercegovina
| | - Jelena Parojčić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
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17
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Sarmah KK, Rajbongshi T, Bhowmick S, Thakuria R. First-line antituberculosis drug, pyrazinamide, its pharmaceutically relevant cocrystals and a salt. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2017; 73:1007-1016. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520617011477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A few pyrazinamide (Pyz) cocrystals involving hydroxybenzoic/cinnamic acid derivatives [2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (24DHBA); 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (26DHBA); 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (35DHBA) and nutraceutical molecule ferulic acid (FRA)] and the first example of a molecular salt with p-toluenesulfonic acid (pTSA) have been prepared and characterized using various solid-state techniques. A high-temperature cocrystal polymorph of Pyz·FRA has been characterized from the endothermic peaks observed using differential scanning calorimetry. The presence of substituent groups carrying hydrogen bond donors or acceptors and their influence on supramolecular synthon formation has been investigated using a Cambridge Structural Database search. Equilibrium solubility of all the binary complexes of Pyz follows the order of their coformer solubility, i.e. Pyz+·pTSA− > Pyz·35DHBA > Pyz > Pyz·26DHBA > Pyz·24DHBA > Pyz·FRA. A twofold enhancement in solubility of Pyz+·pTSA− molecular salt compared with the parent drug suggests a potential drug formulation for the treatment of tuberculosis.
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18
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Verbeeck RK, Günther G, Kibuule D, Hunter C, Rennie TW. Optimizing treatment outcome of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs: the role of therapeutic drug monitoring. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 72:905-16. [PMID: 27305904 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-016-2083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world's deadliest communicable diseases. Although cure rates of the standard four-drug (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol) treatment schedule can be as high as 95-98 % under clinical trial conditions, success rates may be much lower in less well resourced countries. Unsuccessful treatment with these first-line anti-TB drugs may lead to the development of multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant TB. The intrinsic interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the first-line anti-TB drugs is further exacerbated by co-morbidities such as HIV infection and diabetes. METHODS Therapeutic drug monitoring has been proposed in an attempt to optimize treatment outcome and reduce the development of drug resistance. Several studies have shown that maximum plasma concentrations (C max), especially of rifampicin and isoniazid, are well below the proposed target C max concentrations in a substantial fraction of patients being treated with the standard four-drug treatment schedule, even though treatment's success rate in these studies was typically at least 85 %. DISCUSSION The proposed target C max concentrations are based on the concentrations of these agents achieved in healthy volunteers and patients receiving the standard doses. Estimation of C max based on one or two sampling times may not have the necessary accuracy since absorption rate, especially for rifampicin, may be highly variable. In addition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) variability should be taken into account to set clinically meaningful susceptibility breakpoints. Clearly, there is a need to better define the key target PK and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of the first-line anti-TB drugs to be efficacious, C max (or area under the curve (AUC)) and C max/MIC (or AUC/MIC). CONCLUSION Although TDM of first-line anti-TB drugs has been successfully used in a limited number of specialized centers to improve treatment outcome in slow responders, a better characterization of the target PK and/or PK/PD parameters is in our opinion necessary to make it cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger K Verbeeck
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
| | - Gunar Günther
- Katutura State Hospital, Windhoek, Namibia.,Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Dan Kibuule
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Christian Hunter
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Tim W Rennie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
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19
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Adeleke OA, Monama NO, Tsai PC, Sithole HM, Michniak-Kohn BB. Combined Atomistic Molecular Calculations and Experimental Investigations for the Architecture, Screening, Optimization, and Characterization of Pyrazinamide Containing Oral Film Formulations for Tuberculosis Management. Mol Pharm 2015; 13:456-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin A. Adeleke
- Centre
for High Performance Computing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, 0001
- Centre
for Dermal Research—New Jersey Centre for Biomaterials, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Nkwe O. Monama
- Centre
for High Performance Computing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, 0001
| | - Pei-Chin Tsai
- Centre
for Dermal Research—New Jersey Centre for Biomaterials, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Happy M. Sithole
- Centre
for High Performance Computing, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa, 0001
| | - Bozena B. Michniak-Kohn
- Centre
for Dermal Research—New Jersey Centre for Biomaterials, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers—The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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20
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Parr A, Hidalgo IJ, Bode C, Brown W, Yazdanian M, Gonzalez MA, Sagawa K, Miller K, Jiang W, Stippler ES. The Effect of Excipients on the Permeability of BCS Class III Compounds and Implications for Biowaivers. Pharm Res 2015; 33:167-76. [PMID: 26286187 PMCID: PMC4689772 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Currently, the FDA allows biowaivers for Class I (high solubility and high permeability) and Class III (high solubility and low permeability) compounds of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS). Scientific evidence should be provided to support biowaivers for BCS Class I and Class III (high solubility and low permeability) compounds. Methods Data on the effects of excipients on drug permeability are needed to demonstrate that commonly used excipients do not affect the permeability of BCS Class III compounds, which would support the application of biowaivers to Class III compounds. This study was designed to generate such data by assessing the permeability of four BCS Class III compounds and one Class I compound in the presence and absence of five commonly used excipients. Results The permeability of each of the compounds was assessed, at three to five concentrations, with each excipient in two different models: Caco-2 cell monolayers, and in situ rat intestinal perfusion. No substantial increases in the permeability of any of the compounds were observed in the presence of any of the tested excipients in either of the models, with the exception of disruption of Caco-2 cell monolayer integrity by sodium lauryl sulfate at 0.1 mg/ml and higher. Conclusion The results suggest that the absorption of these four BCS Class III compounds would not be greatly affected by the tested excipients. This may have implications in supporting biowaivers for BCS Class III compounds in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Parr
- GlaxoSmithKline Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | | | - Chris Bode
- Absorption Systems LP, Exton, Pennsylvania, 19341-2556, USA.
| | - William Brown
- US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, 20852, USA
| | - Mehran Yazdanian
- Teva Branded Pharmaceuticals R&D Inc., West Chester, Pennsylvania, 19380, USA
| | - Mario A Gonzalez
- P'Kinetics International, Inc., Pembroke Pines, Florida, 33027, USA
| | - Kazuko Sagawa
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, 06340, USA
| | - Kevin Miller
- GlaxoSmithKline Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Wenlei Jiang
- Food and Drug Administration, Office of Generic Drugs, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20841, USA
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21
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Electroanalysis of antitubercular drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological fluids: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 853:59-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Védaste K, Egide K, Claver K, Kaale E. Development and validation of high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide in a fixed dosage combination tablet. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.27.2014.5.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Kortejärvi H, Malkki J, Shawahna R, Scherrmann JM, Urtti A, Yliperttula M. Pharmacokinetic simulations to explore dissolution criteria of BCS I and III biowaivers with and without MDR-1 efflux transporter. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 61:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Gwaza L, Gordon J, Welink J, Potthast H, Leufkens H, Stahl M, García-Arieta A. Adjusted Indirect Treatment Comparison of the Bioavailability of WHO-Prequalified First-Line Generic Antituberculosis Medicines. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2014; 96:580-8. [DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2014.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Sediq A, Kubbinga M, Langguth P, Dressman J. The impact of the EMA change in definition of "dose" on the BCS dose-solubility ratio: a review of the biowaiver monographs. J Pharm Sci 2013; 103:65-70. [PMID: 24338749 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) defines the solubility characteristics of an active pharmaceutical substance based on its dose-solubility ratio: for highly soluble drugs this ratio is less than 250 mL over a defined pH range. Prior to the revision of the European Medicines Agency (EMA, formerly EMEA) guideline in 2010, the "dose" in this ratio was consistently defined by the US FDA, the EMA, and the WHO biowaiver guidelines as the highest dosage strength. However, in the revised EMA guideline, the dose is defined as the highest single dose administered according to the Summary of Product Characteristics. The new EMA criterion for highly soluble may be closer to the actual conditions of use, but it is not in line with the dose that would be used in the in vivo bioequivalence study. This paper evaluates the impact on the BCS classification of the active pharmaceutical ingredients of the published biowaiver monographs and discusses the consequences of the possible change in classification on biowaiver recommendations. Using the current definition of dose by the EMA, the biowaiver recommendations for metoclopramide hydrochloride and verapamil hydrochloride are no longer valid according to EMA criteria. For prednisolone and prednisone, a reevaluation of the biowaiver recommendation, taking into account the usual dosing levels, seems appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sediq
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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26
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Tan X, Wang K, Li S, Yuan H, Yan T, Liu J, Yang K, Liu B, Zou G, Zou B. Exploration of the Pyrazinamide Polymorphism at High Pressure. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:14441-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3039219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard
Materials, Jilin University, Changchun
130012, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard
Materials, Jilin University, Changchun
130012, China
| | - Shourui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard
Materials, Jilin University, Changchun
130012, China
| | - Hongsheng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard
Materials, Jilin University, Changchun
130012, China
| | - Tingting Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard
Materials, Jilin University, Changchun
130012, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Beijing Synchrotron
Radiation
Laboratory, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation
Facilities, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard
Materials, Jilin University, Changchun
130012, China
| | - Guangtian Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard
Materials, Jilin University, Changchun
130012, China
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard
Materials, Jilin University, Changchun
130012, China
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27
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Nair A, Abrahamsson B, Barends DM, Groot D, Kopp S, Polli JE, Shah VP, Dressman JB. Biowaiver Monographs for Immediate-Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Primaquine Phosphate. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:936-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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28
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Cherukuvada S, Nangia A. Fast dissolving eutectic compositions of two anti-tubercular drugs. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce06391c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Strauch S, Jantratid E, Dressman JB, Junginger HE, Kopp S, Midha KK, Shah VP, Stavchansky S, Barends DM. Biowaiver monographs for immediate release solid oral dosage forms: mefloquine hydrochloride. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:11-21. [PMID: 20602454 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Literature data relevant to the decision to allow a waiver of in vivo bioequivalence (BE) testing for the approval of immediate release solid oral dosage forms containing mefloquine hydrochloride as the only active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) are reviewed. The solubility and permeability data of mefloquine hydrochloride as well as its therapeutic use and therapeutic index, its pharmacokinetic properties, data related to the possibility of excipient interactions and reported BE/bioavailability studies were taken into consideration. Mefloquine hydrochloride is not a highly soluble API. Since no data on permeability are available, it cannot be classified according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System with certainty. Additionally, several studies in the literature failed to demonstrate BE of existing products. For these reasons, the biowaiver cannot be justified for the approval of new multisource drug products containing mefloquine hydrochloride. However, scale-up and postapproval changes (HHS-FDA SUPAC) levels 1 and 2 and most EU type I variations may be approvable without in vivo BE, using the dissolution tests described in these regulatory documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Strauch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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30
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Strauch S, Jantratid E, Stahl M, Rägo L, Dressman JB. The Biowaiver Procedure: Its Application to Antituberculosis Products in the WHO Prequalification Programme. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:822-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Strauch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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31
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Abourahma H, Cocuzza DS, Melendez J, Urban JM. Pyrazinamide cocrystals and the search for polymorphs. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ce05598d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Granero G, Longhi M, Mora M, Junginger H, Midha K, Shah V, Stavchansky S, Dressman J, Barends D. Biowaiver Monographs for Immediate Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Furosemide. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:2544-56. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Wheate NJ, Vora V, Anthony NG, McInnes FJ. Host–guest complexes of the antituberculosis drugs pyrazinamide and isoniazid with cucurbit[7]uril. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-010-9795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Jantratid E, Strauch S, Becker C, Dressman J, Amidon G, Junginger H, Kopp S, Midha K, Shah V, Stavchansky S, Barends D. Biowaiver monographs for immediate release solid oral dosage forms: Doxycycline hyclate**A project of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), BCS and Biowaiver, www.fip.org/bcs.**This article reflects the scientific opinion of the authors and not the policies of regulating agencies, the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) and the World Health Organization (WHO). J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:1639-53. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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36
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Borba A, Albrecht M, Gómez-Zavaglia A, Suhm MA, Fausto R. Low Temperature Infrared Spectroscopy Study of Pyrazinamide: From the Isolated Monomer to the Stable Low Temperature Crystalline Phase. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:151-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jp907466h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Borba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Portugal, Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Germany, and Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos, (Conicet La Plata, UNLP) RA-1900, Argentina
| | - Merwe Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Portugal, Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Germany, and Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos, (Conicet La Plata, UNLP) RA-1900, Argentina
| | - Andrea Gómez-Zavaglia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Portugal, Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Germany, and Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos, (Conicet La Plata, UNLP) RA-1900, Argentina
| | - Martin A. Suhm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Portugal, Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Germany, and Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos, (Conicet La Plata, UNLP) RA-1900, Argentina
| | - Rui Fausto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Portugal, Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Germany, and Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos, (Conicet La Plata, UNLP) RA-1900, Argentina
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37
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Becker C, Dressman JB, Junginger HE, Kopp S, Midha KK, Shah VP, Stavchansky S, Barends DM. Biowaiver monographs for immediate release solid oral dosage forms: rifampicin. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:2252-67. [PMID: 19160441 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Literature data relevant to the decision to allow a waiver of in vivo bioequivalence (BE) testing for the approval of new multisource and reformulated immediate release (IR) solid oral dosage forms containing rifampicin as the only Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) are reviewed. Rifampicin's solubility and permeability, its therapeutic use and index, pharmacokinetics, excipient interactions and reported BE/bioavailability (BA) problems were taken into consideration. Solubility and absolute BA data indicate that rifampicin is a BCS Class II drug. Of special concern for biowaiving is that many reports of failure of IR solid oral dosage forms of rifampicin to meet BE have been published and the reasons for these failures are yet insufficiently understood. Moreover, no reports were identified in which in vitro dissolution was shown to be predictive of nonequivalence among products. Therefore, a biowaiver based approval of rifampicin containing IR solid oral dosage forms cannot be recommended for either new multisource drug products or for major scale-up and postapproval changes (variations) to existing drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Becker
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Grube S, Langguth P, Junginger H, Kopp S, Midha K, Shah V, Stavchansky S, Dressman J, Barends D. Biowaiver monographs for immediate release solid oral dosage forms: Quinidine sulfate. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:2238-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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