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Alinaghi A, Macedo A, Cheruvu HS, Holmes A, Roberts MS. Human epidermal in vitro permeation test (IVPT) analyses of alcohols and steroids. Int J Pharm 2022; 627:122114. [PMID: 35973591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined a number of factors that can impact the outcomes of in vitro human epidermal permeation coefficients for aliphatic alcohols and steroids, including receptor phase composition and study conditions. We determined experimentally the solubilities and IVPT permeation of a homologous series of 14C labeled aliphatic alcohols (ethanol, propanol, pentanol, heptanol, octanol and decanol) in different receptor fluids as recommended by Organisation Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). We used human epidermal membranes at 25°C and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 2% w/v bovine serum albumin (2%w/v BSA), 50% v/v ethanol and 0.1, 2 and 6% w/v Oleth-20 receptor phases. We also explored and confirmed the discrepancies between in vitro human epidermal permeability coefficients (kp) and diffusion lag times for steroids from Scheuplein's group with our own work and that of others. The main reason for the observed differences is not clear but is likely to be multifactorial, including the effects of diffusion cell design, receptor phase solubility, unstirred receptor phase effects, epidermal membrane hydration, diffusion cell configuration, transport through appendageal pathways and steroid lipophilicity. We conclude with a summary of experimental conditions that should be considered in undertaking IVPT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Alinaghi
- Clinical and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia and The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ana Macedo
- Clinical and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia and The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hanumanth S Cheruvu
- Diamantina Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amy Holmes
- Clinical and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia and The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael S Roberts
- Clinical and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia and The Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, Australia; Diamantina Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
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Liu X, Cheruvu HS, Anissimov YG, van der Hoek J, Tsakalozou E, Ni Z, Ghosh P, Grice JE, Roberts MS. Percutaneous absorption of steroids from finite doses: Predicting urinary excretion from in vitro skin permeation testing. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122095. [PMID: 35961420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic (PK) models are widely used to describe drug permeation across the epidermal membrane barrier, the stratum corneum (SC). Here, we extend our previously reported diffusion and compartment-in-series models to describe plasma concentrations, urinary excretion-time profiles and exposure estimates after topically applied finite doses of solvent deposited solids. In vivo models were derived by convolution of a skin absorption input function for finite dosing with that for in vivo disposition PK. In vitro skin permeation test (IVPT) and in vivo urinary excretion data for cortisone, desoxycorticosterone, and testosterone were extracted from literature for model validation and establishment of in vitro - in vivo relationships (IVIVR). Both SC diffusion and SC 3-compartment-in-series PK models adequately described experimental in vitro and in vivo permeation data, with similar model parameter estimates for SC diffusion time and bioavailability. A satisfactory IVIVR was generated for cortisone, whereas testosterone and desoxycorticosterone showed higher bioavailability in vitro compared to in vivo. In recognising that future prospective studies need to both have an adequate sampling schedule and be harmonized for robust IVIVRs, we developed expressions for predicting extent of absorption and time for peak absorption for both in vitro and in vivo studies. Other study parameters, such as application site, applied dose, and application techniques, can also affect drug permeability through skin during dosage form metamorphosis after finite dose application, and a lack of correlation may result if these are poorly matched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Therapeutics Research Centre, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Hanumanth S Cheruvu
- Therapeutics Research Centre, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Yuri G Anissimov
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - John van der Hoek
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide SA5011, Australia
| | - Eleftheria Tsakalozou
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Zhanglin Ni
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Priyanka Ghosh
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Grice
- Therapeutics Research Centre, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Michael S Roberts
- Therapeutics Research Centre, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia and Therapeutics Research Centre, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medical Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
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Yun YE, Calderon-Nieva D, Hamadeh A, Edginton AN. Development and Evaluation of an In Silico Dermal Absorption Model Relevant for Children. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010172. [PMID: 35057066 PMCID: PMC8780349 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The higher skin surface area to body weight ratio in children and the prematurity of skin in neonates may lead to higher chemical exposure as compared to adults. The objectives of this study were: (i) to provide a comprehensive review of the age-dependent anatomical and physiological changes in pediatric skin, and (ii) to construct and evaluate an age-dependent pediatric dermal absorption model. A comprehensive review was conducted to gather data quantifying the differences in the anatomy and physiology of child and adult skin. Maturation functions were developed for model parameters that were found to be age-dependent. A pediatric dermal absorption model was constructed by updating a MoBi implementation of the Dancik et al. 2013 skin permeation model with these maturation functions. Using a workflow for adult-to-child model extrapolation, the predictive performance of the model was evaluated by comparing its predicted rates of flux of diamorphine, phenobarbital and buprenorphine against experimental observations using neonatal skin. For diamorphine and phenobarbital, the model provided reasonable predictions. The ratios of predicted:observed flux in neonates for diamorphine ranged from 0.55 to 1.40. For phenobarbital, the ratios ranged from 0.93 to 1.26. For buprenorphine, the model showed acceptable predictive performance. Overall, the physiologically based pediatric dermal absorption model demonstrated satisfactory prediction accuracy. The prediction of dermal absorption in neonates using a model-based approach will be useful for both drug development and human health risk assessment.
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Beranek M, Malkova A, Fiala Z, Kremlacek J, Hamakova K, Zaloudkova L, Borsky P, Adamus T, Palicka V, Borska L. Goeckerman Therapy of Psoriasis: Genotoxicity, Dietary Micronutrients, Homocysteine, and MTHFR Gene Polymorphisms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081908. [PMID: 30999684 PMCID: PMC6514650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Goeckerman therapy (GT) of psoriasis vulgaris is based on the application of crude coal tar and ultraviolet radiation. We investigated DNA damage by the number of micronucleated binucleated cells (MNBC) in lymphocytes, serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, folic acid, and two polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) in the MTHFR gene in 35 patients with exacerbated psoriasis vulgaris classified according to the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score and treated by GT. The median of PASI score decreased from nineteen to five, and MNBC increased from 10 to 18‰ after GT (p < 0.001 in both cases). Correlations of MNBC with homocysteine (Spearman’s rho = 0.420, p = 0.012) and vitamin B12 (rho = −0.389, p = 0.021) before the therapy were observed. Hyperhomocysteinemia was an independent predictor of genotoxicity (OR 9.91; 95% CI, 2.09–55.67; p = 0.003). Homocysteine was higher in females than in males (13 vs. 12 µmol/L, p = 0.045). In contrast, vitamin B12 levels in the females were lower than in the males (160 vs. 192 pmol/L, p = 0.047). Vitamin B12 in the females were negatively influenced by smoking status (160 pmol/L in smokers vs. 192 pmol/L in non-smokers, p = 0.025). A significantly higher MNBC was found in CC homozygous patients (A1298C polymorphism) than in AC heterozygotes (32 vs. 16‰, p = 0.005) and AA homozygotes (32 vs. 18‰, p = 0.036). Our data showed that homocysteine participates in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Its serum levels correlated with MNBC and allowed the prediction of DNA damage to appear within GT. Both micronutrients status and homocysteine metabolic pathway contribute to the genotoxicity of GT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beranek
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Malkova
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenek Fiala
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Kremlacek
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Kvetoslava Hamakova
- Clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Zaloudkova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Borsky
- Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Adamus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Palicka
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Borska
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Support for the Safe Use of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Sunscreens: Lack of Skin Penetration or Cellular Toxicity after Repeated Application in Volunteers. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:308-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Raju G, Katiyar N, Vadukumpully S, Shankarappa SA. Penetration of gold nanoparticles across the stratum corneum layer of thick-Skin. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 89:146-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Impact of semi-solid formulations on skin penetration of iron oxide nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:14. [PMID: 28212635 PMCID: PMC5316225 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This work aimed to provide useful information on the incidence of the choice of formulation in semi-solid preparations of iron-oxide nanoparticles (IONs). The appropriate analytical methods to assess the IONs physical stability and the effect of the semi-solid preparations on IONs human skin penetration were discussed. The physical stability of IONs (Dh = 31 ± 4 nm; ζ = −65 ± 5 mV) loaded in five semi-solid preparations (0.3% w/v), namely Carbopol gel (CP), hydroxyethyl cellulose gel (HEC), carboxymethylcellulose gel (CMC), cetomacrogol cream (Cet) and cold cream was assessed by combining DLS and low-field pulsed NMR data. The in vitro penetration of IONs was studied using human epidermis or isolated stratum corneum (SC). Results Reversible and irreversible IONs aggregates were evidenced only in HEC and CMC, respectively. IONs diffused massively through SC preferentially by an intercellular pathway, as assessed by transmission electron microscopy. The semi-solid preparations differently influenced the IONs penetration as compared to the aqueous suspension. Cet cream allowed the highest permeation and the lowest retained amount, while cold cream and CP favored the accumulation into the skin membrane. Conclusion Basic cutaneous semi-solid preparations could be used to administer IONs without affecting their permeation profile if they maintained their physical stability over time. This property is better discriminated by low-field pulsed NMR measurements than the commonly used DLS measurements. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0249-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Abd E, Yousef SA, Pastore MN, Telaprolu K, Mohammed YH, Namjoshi S, Grice JE, Roberts MS. Skin models for the testing of transdermal drugs. Clin Pharmacol 2016; 8:163-176. [PMID: 27799831 PMCID: PMC5076797 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s64788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of percutaneous permeation of molecules is a key step in the evaluation of dermal or transdermal delivery systems. If the drugs are intended for delivery to humans, the most appropriate setting in which to do the assessment is the in vivo human. However, this may not be possible for ethical, practical, or economic reasons, particularly in the early phases of development. It is thus necessary to find alternative methods using accessible and reproducible surrogates for in vivo human skin. A range of models has been developed, including ex vivo human skin, usually obtained from cadavers or plastic surgery patients, ex vivo animal skin, and artificial or reconstructed skin models. Increasingly, largely driven by regulatory authorities and industry, there is a focus on developing standardized techniques and protocols. With this comes the need to demonstrate that the surrogate models produce results that correlate with those from in vivo human studies and that they can be used to show bioequivalence of different topical products. This review discusses the alternative skin models that have been developed as surrogates for normal and diseased skin and examines the concepts of using model systems for in vitro–in vivo correlation and the demonstration of bioequivalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abd
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Shereen A Yousef
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Michael N Pastore
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Krishna Telaprolu
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Yousuf H Mohammed
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Sarika Namjoshi
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Jeffrey E Grice
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane
| | - Michael S Roberts
- Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Musazzi UM, Matera C, Dallanoce C, Vacondio F, De Amici M, Vistoli G, Cilurzo F, Minghetti P. On the selection of an opioid for local skin analgesia: Structure-skin permeability relationships. Int J Pharm 2015; 489:177-85. [PMID: 25934430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that post-herpetical and inflammatory pain can be locally managed by morphine gels, empirically chosen. Aiming to rationalize the selection of the most suitable opioid for the cutaneous delivery, we studied the in vitro penetration through human epidermis of eight opioids, evidencing the critical modifications of the morphinan core. Log P, log D, solid-state features and solubility were determined. Docking simulations were performed using supramolecular assembly made of ceramide VI. The modifications on position 3 of the morphinan core resulted the most relevant in determining both physicochemical characteristics and diffusion pattern. The 3-methoxy group weakened the cohesiveness of the crystal lattice structure and increased the permeation flux (J). Computational studies emphasized that, while permeation is essentially controlled by molecule apolarity, skin retention depends on a fine balance of polar and apolar molecular features. Moreover, ChemPLP scoring the interactions between the opioids and ceramide, correlated with both the amount retained into the epidermis (Qret) and J. The balance of the skin penetration properties and the affinity potency for μ-receptors evidenced hydromorphone as the most suitable compound for the induction of local analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto M Musazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Matera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Clelia Dallanoce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Vacondio
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco De Amici
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Cilurzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Paola Minghetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Skin Solubility Determines Maximum Transepidermal Flux for Similar Size Molecules. Pharm Res 2009; 26:1974-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-9912-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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