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Franco MS, Gomes ER, Roque MC, Oliveira MC. Triggered Drug Release From Liposomes: Exploiting the Outer and Inner Tumor Environment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:623760. [PMID: 33796461 PMCID: PMC8008067 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.623760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since more than 40 years liposomes have being extensively studied for their potential as carriers of anticancer drugs. The basic principle behind their use for cancer treatment consists on the idea that they can take advantage of the leaky vasculature and poor lymphatic drainage present at the tumor tissue, passively accumulating in this region. Aiming to further improve their efficacy, different strategies have been employed such as PEGlation, which enables longer circulation times, or the attachment of ligands to liposomal surface for active targeting of cancer cells. A great challenge for drug delivery to cancer treatment now, is the possibility to trigger release from nanosystems at the tumor site, providing efficacious levels of drug in the tumor. Different strategies have been proposed to exploit the outer and inner tumor environment for triggering drug release from liposomes and are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Santiago Franco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eliza Rocha Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marjorie Coimbra Roque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mônica Cristina Oliveira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Verbaanderd C, Maes H, Schaaf MB, Sukhatme VP, Pantziarka P, Sukhatme V, Agostinis P, Bouche G. Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO)-chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as anti-cancer agents. Ecancermedicalscience 2017; 11:781. [PMID: 29225688 PMCID: PMC5718030 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2017.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are well-known 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial agents. Scientific evidence also supports the use of CQ and HCQ in the treatment of cancer. Overall, preclinical studies support CQ and HCQ use in anti-cancer therapy, especially in combination with conventional anti-cancer treatments since they are able to sensitise tumour cells to a variety of drugs, potentiating the therapeutic activity. Thus far, clinical results are mostly in favour of the repurposing of CQ. However, over 30 clinical studies are still evaluating the activity of both CQ and HCQ in different cancer types and in combination with various standard treatments. Interestingly, CQ and HCQ exert effects both on cancer cells and on the tumour microenvironment. In addition to inhibition of the autophagic flux, which is the most studied anti-cancer effect of CQ and HCQ, these drugs affect the Toll-like receptor 9, p53 and CXCR4-CXCL12 pathway in cancer cells. In the tumour stroma, CQ was shown to affect the tumour vasculature, cancer-associated fibroblasts and the immune system. The evidence reviewed in this paper indicates that both CQ and HCQ deserve further clinical investigations in several cancer types. Special attention about the drug (CQ versus HCQ), the dose and the schedule of administration should be taken in the design of new trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciska Verbaanderd
- Anticancer Fund, Brussels, 1853 Strombeek-Bever, Belgium.,Cell Death Research and Therapy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Maes
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco B Schaaf
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vikas P Sukhatme
- GlobalCures, Inc, Newton, MA 02459, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Current address: Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Pan Pantziarka
- Anticancer Fund, Brussels, 1853 Strombeek-Bever, Belgium.,The George Pantziarka TP53 Trust, London KT1 2JP, UK
| | | | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Jansson PJ, Yamagishi T, Arvind A, Seebacher N, Gutierrez E, Stacy A, Maleki S, Sharp D, Sahni S, Richardson DR. Di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT) overcomes multidrug resistance by a novel mechanism involving the hijacking of lysosomal P-glycoprotein (Pgp). J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9588-603. [PMID: 25720491 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.631283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle in cancer treatment. More than half of human cancers express multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein (Pgp), which correlates with a poor prognosis. Intriguingly, through an unknown mechanism, some drugs have greater activity in drug-resistant tumor cells than their drug-sensitive counterparts. Herein, we investigate how the novel anti-tumor agent di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT) overcomes MDR. Four different cell types were utilized to evaluate the effect of Pgp-potentiated lysosomal targeting of drugs to overcome MDR. To assess the mechanism of how Dp44mT overcomes drug resistance, cellular studies utilized Pgp inhibitors, Pgp silencing, lysosomotropic agents, proliferation assays, immunoblotting, a Pgp-ATPase activity assay, radiolabeled drug uptake/efflux, a rhodamine 123 retention assay, lysosomal membrane permeability assessment, and DCF (2',7'-dichlorofluorescin) redox studies. Anti-tumor activity and selectivity of Dp44mT in Pgp-expressing, MDR cells versus drug-sensitive cells were studied using a BALB/c nu/nu xenograft mouse model. We demonstrate that Dp44mT is transported by the lysosomal Pgp drug pump, causing lysosomal targeting of Dp44mT and resulting in enhanced cytotoxicity in MDR cells. Lysosomal Pgp and pH were shown to be crucial for increasing Dp44mT-mediated lysosomal damage and subsequent cytotoxicity in drug-resistant cells, with Dp44mT being demonstrated to be a Pgp substrate. Indeed, Pgp-dependent lysosomal damage and cytotoxicity of Dp44mT were abrogated by Pgp inhibitors, Pgp silencing, or increasing lysosomal pH using lysosomotropic bases. In vivo, Dp44mT potently targeted chemotherapy-resistant human Pgp-expressing xenografted tumors relative to non-Pgp-expressing tumors in mice. This study highlights a novel Pgp hijacking strategy of the unique dipyridylthiosemicarbazone series of thiosemicarbazones that overcome MDR via utilization of lysosomal Pgp transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patric J Jansson
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Tetsuo Yamagishi
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Akanksha Arvind
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Nicole Seebacher
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Elaine Gutierrez
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Alexandra Stacy
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sanaz Maleki
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Danae Sharp
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- From the Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Zhang S, Wu J, Wang H, Wang T, Jin L, Shu D, Shan W, Xiong S. Liposomal oxymatrine in hepatic fibrosis treatment: formulation, in vitro and in vivo assessment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:620-9. [PMID: 24515270 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to develop a liposomal oxymatrine conjugating D-alpha tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (OMT-LIP) for enhanced therapeutics of hepatic fibrosis. OMT-LIP was prepared using the remote loading method. The influences of formulation compositions on the encapsulation efficiency of OMT-LIP were investigated. Mean particle size, zeta potential, morphology, in vitro release, fibrotic liver targeting, and therapeutics of OMT-LIP were thoroughly assessed. The intraliposomal buffer composition and concentration, extraliposomal phase composition and pH, types of phospholipid, lipid molar ratio composition, and theoretical drug loading are crucial factors to entrap OMT into liposomes. The optimum OMT-LIP presented spherically unilamellar microstructures with entrapment efficiency of 79.7 ± 3.9%, mean particle size of 121.6 ± 52.9 nm, and zeta potential of -5.87 mV. OMT-LIP significantly increased the accumulation of OMT in the fibrotic liver with an 11.5-fold greater AUC than OMT solution in the dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced hepatic fibrosis animals. OMT-LIP could be a potential strategy to improve treatment outcomes for hepatic fibrosis, showing the protective effects to mice given CCl4 and the enhanced therapeutics to mice with either DMN or CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis.
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Singh RP, Ramarao P. Accumulated Polymer Degradation Products as Effector Molecules in Cytotoxicity of Polymeric Nanoparticles. Toxicol Sci 2013; 136:131-43. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Sahu B, Sacui I, Rapireddy S, Zanotti KJ, Bahal R, Armitage BA, Ly DH. Synthesis and characterization of conformationally preorganized, (R)-diethylene glycol-containing γ-peptide nucleic acids with superior hybridization properties and water solubility. J Org Chem 2011; 76:5614-27. [PMID: 21619025 PMCID: PMC3175361 DOI: 10.1021/jo200482d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Developed in the early 1990s, peptide nucleic acid (PNA) has emerged as a promising class of nucleic acid mimic because of its strong binding affinity and sequence selectivity toward DNA and RNA and resistance to enzymatic degradation by proteases and nucleases; however, the main drawbacks, as compared to other classes of oligonucleotides, are water solubility and biocompatibility. Herein we show that installation of a relatively small, hydrophilic (R)-diethylene glycol ("miniPEG", R-MP) unit at the γ-backbone transforms a randomly folded PNA into a right-handed helix. Synthesis of optically pure (R-MP)γPNA monomers is described, which can be accomplished in a few simple steps from a commercially available and relatively cheap Boc-l-serine. Once synthesized, (R-MP)γPNA oligomers are preorganized into a right-handed helix, hybridize to DNA and RNA with greater affinity and sequence selectivity, and are more water soluble and less aggregating than the parental PNA oligomers. The results presented herein have important implications for the future design and application of PNA in biology, biotechnology, and medicine, as well as in other disciplines, including drug discovery and molecular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bichismita Sahu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology (CNAST), Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Iulia Sacui
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology (CNAST), Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Srinivas Rapireddy
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology (CNAST), Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Kimberly J. Zanotti
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology (CNAST), Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Raman Bahal
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology (CNAST), Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Bruce A. Armitage
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology (CNAST), Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Danith H. Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nucleic Acids Science and Technology (CNAST), Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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Xiong S, Yu B, Wu J, Li H, Lee RJ. Preparation, therapeutic efficacy and intratumoral localization of targeted daunorubicin liposomes conjugating folate-PEG-CHEMS. Biomed Pharmacother 2011; 65:2-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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