1
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Zhang R, Wei Y, Liu X, Wu Y. Development and efficacy evaluation of a novel water-in-oil-in-water adjuvant for an inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:75-85. [PMID: 38217108 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2305107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
To develop a novel water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) adjuvant and evaluate the effect on foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) inactivated vaccine, in this study, we prepared the novel nano-emulsion adjuvant based on QS-21 (BEA) which is composed of the mixture of mineral oil Marcol52, surfactant Tween80, oleate polyoxyethylene ether ester, polyoxyethylene palmitic acid ester and span80, cosurfactant polyethylene glycol and QS-21. The two-step emulsification method formed the W/O/W nano-emulsion with two films and three-phase structures. The effective particle diameter of the BEA was about 184 nm, and it has good thermal stability. Then, BEA was emulsified as an adjuvant to prepare for the inactivated FMDV vaccine, and BALB/c mice and pigs were immunized to evaluate its safety and immunization effect. The results showed that the inactivated BEA-FMDV vaccine significantly increased BALB/c mice and pigs' antibodies and cytokine IFN-γ in serum. Meanwhile, the pig-neutralizing antibodies were higher than control group. Safety tests found no symptoms of FMD or significant toxic reactions. After 28 days of immunization, the protection rate can reach 93.3%. The BEA vaccine had good stability at 4 °C, no stratification after 180 days, and the content of 146S in the vaccine did not decrease. In conclusion, the BEA prepared in this study is suitable for FMDV inactivated vaccine and is an effective adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- China Agricultural Vet Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanming Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuerong Liu
- China Agricultural Vet Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongshu Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang, A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Liu Y, Ma M, Yuan Y. The potential of curcumin-based co-delivery systems for applications in the food industry: Food preservation, freshness monitoring, and functional food. Food Res Int 2023; 171:113070. [PMID: 37330831 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Currently, curcumin-based co-delivery systems are receiving widespread attention. However, a systematic summary of the possibility of curcumin-based co-delivery systems used for the food industry from multiple directions based on the functional characteristics of curcumin is lacking. This review details the different forms of curcumin-based co-delivery systems including the single system of nanoparticle, liposome, double emulsion, and multiple systems composed of different hydrocolloids. The structural composition, stability, encapsulation efficiency, and protective effects of these forms are discussed comprehensively. The functional characteristics of curcumin-based co-delivery systems are summarized, involving biological activity (antimicrobial and antioxidant), pH-responsive discoloration, and bioaccessibility/bioavailability. Correspondingly, potential applications for food preservation, freshness detection, and functional foods are introduced. In the future, more novel co-delivery systems for active ingredients and food matrices should be developed. Besides, the synergistic mechanisms between active ingredients, delivery carrier/active ingredient, and external physical condition/active ingredient should be explored. In conclusion, curcumin-based co-delivery systems have the potential to be widely used in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengjie Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yongkai Yuan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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3
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Oil Droplet Coalescence in W/O/W Double Emulsions Examined in Models from Micrometer- to Millimeter-Sized Droplets. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids6010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double emulsions must resist W1–W1, O–O and W1–W2 coalescence to be suitable for applications. This work isolates the stability of the oil droplets in a double emulsion, focusing on the impact of the concentration of the hydrophilic surfactant. The stability against coalescence was measured on droplets ranging in size from millimeters to micrometers, evaluating three different measurement methods. The time between the contact and coalescence of millimeter-sized droplets at a planar interface was compared to the number of coalescence events in a microfluidic emulsion and to the change in the droplet size distributions of micrometer-sized single and double emulsions. For the examined formulations, the same stability trends were found in all three droplet sizes. When the concentration of the hydrophilic surfactant is reduced drastically, lipophilic surfactants can help to increase the oil droplets’ stability against coalescence. This article also provides recommendations as to which purpose each of the model experiments is suited and discusses advantages and limitations compared to previous research carried out directly on double emulsions.
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4
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Mujtaba MA, Akhter MH, Alam MS, Ali MD, Hussain A. An updated review on therapeutic potential and recent advances in drug delivery of Berberine: Current status and future prospect. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:60-71. [PMID: 33557735 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210208152113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are well known for their high potency with minimum side effects. Plant extracts are the most commonly used natural products because of their ease of availability and relatively low production cost. Berberine (BBR), a phytochemical component of some Chinese medicinal herbs (most commonlyBerberis vulgaris), is an isoquinoline alkaloid with several biological and pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumour, antimicrobial, antidepressant,hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic actions. Interestingly, multiple studies have shown that BBR is a potential drug candidate with a multi-spectrum therapeutic application. However, the oral delivery of BBR is challenged owing to its poor bioavailability. Therefore, its oral bioavailability needs to be enhanced before it can be used in many clinical applications. This review provides an overview of the various studies that support the broad range of pharmacological activities of BBR. Also, it includes a section to address the issues and challenges related with the drug and methods to improve the properties of BBR such as solubility, stability and bioavailability that may be explored to help patients reap the maximum benefit from this potentially useful drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ali Mujtaba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University. Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mohammad Daud Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam. Saudi Arabia
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451. Saudi Arabia
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5
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Opportunities and challenges for the nanodelivery of green tea catechins in functional foods. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110186. [PMID: 33773663 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Green tea, the least processed tea product, is scientifically known for its rich antioxidant content originating from polyphenols, especially catechins. The most potent green tea catechin is epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which is responsible for a wide range of health benefits including anticancer, antidiabetics, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, green tea catechins (GTCs) are very labile under both environmental and gastrointestinal conditions; their chemical stability and bioavailability primarily depend on the processing and formulation conditions. Nanocarriers can protect GTCs against such conditions, and consequently, can be applicable for designing nanodelivery systems suitable for GTCs. In this review, the latest findings about both opportunities and limitations for the nanodelivery of GTCs and their incorporation into various functional food products are discussed. The scientific findings so far confirm that nanodelivery of GTCs can be an efficient approach towards the enhancement of their health-promoting effects with a minimal dose, controlled and targeted release, lessening the dose-related toxicity, and the efficient incorporation into functional foods. However, further investigation is yet needed to fully explain the cellular mechanisms of action of GTCs on human health and to elucidate the effect of encapsulation on their bioefficacy using well-designed, systematic, long-term, and large-scale clinical interventions. There also exists a substantial concern regarding the safety of the manufactured nanoparticles, their absorption, and the associated release mechanisms.
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6
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Pontrelli G, Carr EJ, Tiribocchi A, Succi S. Modeling drug delivery from multiple emulsions. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:023114. [PMID: 32942448 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.023114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a mechanistic model of drug release from a multiple emulsion into an external surrounding fluid. We consider a single multilayer droplet where the drug kinetics are described by a pure diffusive process through different liquid shells. The multilayer problem is described by a system of diffusion equations coupled via interlayer conditions imposing continuity of drug concentration and flux. Mass resistance is imposed at the outer boundary through the application of a surfactant at the external surface of the droplet. The two-dimensional problem is solved numerically by finite volume discretization. Concentration profiles and drug release curves are presented for three typical round-shaped (circle, ellipse, and bullet) droplets and the dependency of the solution on the mass transfer coefficient at the surface analyzed. The main result shows a reduced release time for an increased elongation of the droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pontrelli
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo, CNR, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - E J Carr
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - A Tiribocchi
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo, CNR, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Italian Institute of Technology, CNLS@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - S Succi
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo, CNR, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Italian Institute of Technology, CNLS@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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7
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Naciute M, Niemi V, Kemp RA, Hook S. Lipid-encapsulated oral therapeutic peptide vaccines reduce tumour growth in an orthotopic mouse model of colorectal cancer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 152:183-192. [PMID: 32380167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an oral vaccine that could be used to treat colorectal cancer. Oral vaccines are technically challenging to develop due to the harsh gastric environment but have numerous benefits including high patient acceptability and the potential to stimulate local mucosal immune responses. Therapeutic vaccines are being investigated as options to treat cancer and the generation of local mucosal immunity may be of benefit in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers. Novel oral vaccines consisting of a long tumour peptide and the TLR2 (Toll-like receptor 2) ligand Pam2Cys, formulated in either liposomes or W/O/W double emulsions, were developed. Oral dosing with the emulsion vaccine increased the numbers of activated T cells, B cells and CD11c+F4/80+CD11b+ cells compared to mice that received control vaccines. In an orthotopic mouse model of colorectal cancer these immunological changes were associated with a seven-fold reduction in tumour size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milda Naciute
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Virginia Niemi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Roslyn A Kemp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
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8
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Teixé-Roig J, Oms-Oliu G, Velderrain-Rodríguez GR, Odriozola-Serrano I, Martín-Belloso O. The Effect of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose on the Stability and Bioaccessibility of Anthocyanin Water-in-Oil-in-Water Emulsions. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-018-2181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Soft multiple emulsions demonstrating reversible freeze-thawing capacity and enhanced skin permeability of diclofenac sodium. Colloid Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-018-4265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Zhao B, Gu S, Du Y, Shen M, Liu X, Shen Y. Solid lipid nanoparticles as carriers for oral delivery of hydroxysafflor yellow A. Int J Pharm 2017; 535:164-171. [PMID: 29107614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is the main bioactive flavonoid extracted from the flower of Carthamus tinctorius L., which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of myocardial ischemia and cerebral ischemia. HSYA has high water solubility but poor intestinal membrane permeability, resulting in low oral bioavailability. Currently, only HSYA sodium chloride injection has been approved for clinical use and oral formulations are urgently needed. In this study, HSYA solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) with the structure of w/o/w were prepared by a warm microemulsion process using approved drug excipients for oral delivery to increase the oral absorption of HSYA. The optimized HSYA SLNs are spherical with an average size of 214nm and the encapsulation efficiency is 55%. HSYA SLNs exhibited little cytotoxicity in Caco-2 and Hela cells, but increased the oral absorption of HSYA about 3.97-fold in rats, compared to HSYA water solution. In addition, cycloheximide pretreatment significantly decreased the oral absorption of HSYA delivered by SLNs. Importantly, the pharmacodynamics evaluation demonstrated that SLNs further decreased the infarct areas in rats. In conclude, SLNs could be a promising delivery system to enhance the oral absorption and pharmacological activities of HSYA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; China Resources Sanjiu (Ya'an) Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd. Ya'an, China
| | - Sufang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Du
- China Resources Sanjiu (Ya'an) Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd. Ya'an, China
| | - Minjie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangrui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Youqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Toprakcioglu Z, Levin A, Knowles TPJ. Hierarchical Biomolecular Emulsions Using 3-D Microfluidics with Uniform Surface Chemistry. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3642-3651. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zenon Toprakcioglu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aviad Levin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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12
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Alvarez-Trabado J, Diebold Y, Sanchez A. Designing lipid nanoparticles for topical ocular drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:204-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Asmaoğlu S, Gündüz G, Maviş B, Çolak Ü. Synthesis and characterization of multi-hollow opaque polymer pigments. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Asmaoğlu
- Kimya Mühendisliği Bölümü; Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi; Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - Güngör Gündüz
- Kimya Mühendisliği Bölümü; Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi; Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - Bora Maviş
- Makina Mühendisliği Bölümü; Hacettepe Üniversitesi; Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - Üner Çolak
- Nükleer Enerji Mühendisliği Bölümü; Hacettepe Üniversitesi; Ankara 06800 Turkey
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14
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Wang X, Jiang S, Wang X, Liao J, Yin Z. Preparation and evaluation of nattokinase-loaded self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system. Asian J Pharm Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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15
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Ferrario BE, Garuti S, Braido F, Canonica GW. Pidotimod: the state of art. Clin Mol Allergy 2015; 13:8. [PMID: 25999796 PMCID: PMC4440502 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-015-0012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the use of antibiotics and vaccines, the frequency of respiratory tract infections is still high and these infections interest a wide range of patients, from children to aged people, including in particular these extreme categories because of the deficiency of their immune system, due to immaturity in the former case and to "immunosenescence" in the latter. For that reason immunostimulant drugs are getting more important to prevent and to attenuate infections. Pidotimod (3-L-pyroglutamyl-L-thiazolidine-4carboxylic acid) is a synthetic dipeptide with immunomodulatory properties. We reviewed studies conducted on different categories of patients, with particular attention on children and senile patients suffering from recurrent respiratory tract infections, associated, or not, with asthma or COPD. The outcomes considered are both clinical and laboratory parameters. The common end-point of these studies is that Pidotimod has an immunomodulatory activity which is able both to improve the clinical conditions of patients and to enhance and stimulate their immunity cells (lymphocytes but not only) functions acting on adaptive and innate immunity. Pidotimod is also able to increase the concentration of salivary IgA directed against bacteria; furthermore, it can modulate airway epithelial cells functions up-regulating the expression of toll-like receptors and acting on adhesion molecules. According to studies conducted on patients with atopic asthma, it seems that Pidotimod could affect T-lymphocytes balance with a possible addictional anti-allergic activity. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated an improvement of FEV1 and PEF in asthmatic patients treated with Pidotimod. Main clinical outcomes are the reduction of the number of infectious episodes, lesser severity of signs and symptoms and, consequently, a reduction in use of antibiotics and symptomatic drugs, less working and school days lost, less mortality and morbidity. The studies considered give positive results, confirming Pidotimod's efficacy. Furthermore, many studies show a good safety profile of the drug, without recording serious adverse events and mutagenic potential, and a very low incidence of side effects. Pidotimod is also a more safe solution in patients subjected to vaccination, if compared to lyophilized polibacterial, which can't be administered for thirty days before vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice E Ferrario
- Respiratory Diseases and Allergy Clinic, DIMI-Dept.Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS AOU S.Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Garuti
- Respiratory Diseases and Allergy Clinic, DIMI-Dept.Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS AOU S.Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fulvio Braido
- Respiratory Diseases and Allergy Clinic, DIMI-Dept.Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS AOU S.Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giorgio W Canonica
- Respiratory Diseases and Allergy Clinic, DIMI-Dept.Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS AOU S.Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
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16
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Aditya NP, Aditya S, Yang H, Kim HW, Park SO, Ko S. Co-delivery of hydrophobic curcumin and hydrophilic catechin by a water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion. Food Chem 2014; 173:7-13. [PMID: 25465989 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin and catechin are naturally occurring phytochemicals with extreme sensitivity to oxidation and low bioavailability. We fabricated a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion encapsulating hydrophilic catechin and hydrophobic curcumin simultaneously. The co-loaded emulsion was fabricated using a two-step emulsification method, and its physicochemical properties were characterised. Volume-weighted mean size (d43) of emulsion droplets was ≈3.88 μm for blank emulsions, whereas it decreased to ≈2.8-3.0 μm for curcumin and/or catechin-loaded emulsions, which was attributed to their capacity to act as emulsifiers. High entrapment efficiency was observed for curcumin and/or catechin-loaded emulsions (88-97%). Encapsulation of catechin and curcumin within an emulsion increased their stability significantly in simulated gastrointestinal fluid, which resulted in a four-fold augmentation in their bioaccessibility compared to that of freely suspended curcumin and catechin solutions. Co-loading of curcumin and catechin did not have adverse effects on either compound's stability or bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Aditya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sheetal Aditya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hanjoo Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Ook Park
- School of Management, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanghoon Ko
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Hoppel M, Mahrhauser D, Stallinger C, Wagner F, Wirth M, Valenta C. Natural polymer-stabilized multiple water-in-oil-in-water emulsions: a novel dermal drug delivery system for 5-fluorouracil. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 66:658-67. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to create multiple water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions with an increased long-term stability as skin delivery systems for the hydrophilic model drug 5-fluorouracil.
Methods
Multiple W/O/W emulsions were prepared in a one-step emulsification process, and were characterized regarding particle size, microstructure and viscosity. In-vitro studies on porcine skin with Franz-type diffusion cells, tape stripping experiments and attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were performed.
Key findings
The addition of Solagum AX, a natural polymer mixture of acacia and xanthan gum, led to multiple W/O/W emulsions with a remarkably increased long-term stability in comparison to formulations without a thickener. The higher skin diffusion of 5-fluorouracil from the multiple emulsions compared with an O/W-macroemulsion could be explained by ATR-FTIR. Shifts to higher wave numbers and increase of peak areas of the asymmetric and symmetric CH2 stretching vibrations confirmed a transition of parts of the skin lipids from an ordered to a disordered state after impregnation of porcine skin with the multiple emulsions.
Conclusions
Solagum AX is highly suitable for stabilization of the created multiple emulsions. Moreover, these formulations showed superiority over a simple O/W-macroemulsion regarding skin permeation and penetration of 5-fluorouracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Hoppel
- Research Platform ‘Characterisation of Drug Delivery Systems on Skin and Investigations of Involved Mechanisms’, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Denise Mahrhauser
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Stallinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Wirth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Valenta
- Research Platform ‘Characterisation of Drug Delivery Systems on Skin and Investigations of Involved Mechanisms’, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Hu X, Zhang W, Wang L, Wan N, Wang B, Li W, Hua H, Hu X, Shan F. The detailed analysis of the changes of murine dendritic cells (DCs) induced by thymic peptide: pidotimod(PTD). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 8:1250-8. [PMID: 22863756 DOI: 10.4161/hv.20579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of present research is to analyze the detailed changes of dendritic cells (DCs) induced by pidotimod(PTD). These impacts on DCs of both bone marrow derived DCs and established DC2.4 cell line were assessed with use of conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM), flow cytometry (FCM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cytochemistry assay FITC-dextran, bio-assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We demonstrated the ability of PTD to induce DC phynotypic and functional maturation as evidenced by higher expression of key surface molecules such as MHC II, CD80 and CD86. The functional tests proved the downregulation of ACP inside the DCs, occurred when phagocytosis of DCs decreased, with simultaneously antigen presentation increased toward maturation. Finally, PTD also stimulated production of more cytokine IL-12 and less TNF-α. Therefore it is concluded that PTD can markedly exert positive induction to murine DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Hu
- Department of Experimental Laboratory, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Shenyang, China.
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Lv LZ, Tong CQ, Lv Q, Tang XJ, Li LM, Fang QX, Yu J, Han M, Gao JQ. Enhanced absorption of hydroxysafflor yellow A using a self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system: in vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4099-107. [PMID: 22888246 PMCID: PMC3415323 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), the main active ingredient of the safflower plant (Carthamus tinctorius L.), is a hydrophilic drug with low oral bioavailability. Water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double emulsions may enhance the oral absorption of HSYA. In this study, we prepared a self-double-emulsifying drug delivery system (SDEDDS) to improve the absorption of HSYA. SDEDDS consists of water in oil emulsions and hydrophilic surfactants that can self-emulsify into w/o/w double emulsions in the aqueous gastrointestinal environment. Confocal laser scanning micrographs showed that spherical droplets were uniformly distributed in the dispersion medium with narrow particle size distribution and could form fine w/o/w double emulsions upon dilution in dispersion medium with gentle stirring. The dispersed oil droplets contained small dispersed aqueous droplets consistent with the characteristics of double emulsions. Furthermore, in vitro cellular experiments were performed to study the mechanism of the absorption promoting effect of SDEDDS. The accumulation of rhodamine-123 in Caco-2 cells was used to evaluate the efflux transport of p-glycoprotein inhibitor. Histopathologic studies on the rat intestine showed that SDEDDS can cause mucosal damage to a certain degree of toxicity, however this was not serious. These results suggest that SDEDDS can greatly improve the oral absorption of HSYA. Given the toxicity demonstrated to the small intestine, the formulation prescription should be improved to enhance security in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Zhong Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhu JX, Tang D, Feng L, Zheng ZG, Wang RS, Wu AG, Duan TT, He B, Zhu Q. Development of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for oral bioavailability enhancement of berberine hydrochloride. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:499-506. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.683875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Current State-of-Art and New Trends on Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN and NLC) for Oral Drug Delivery. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2011; 2012:750891. [PMID: 22175030 PMCID: PMC3228282 DOI: 10.1155/2012/750891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipids and lipid nanoparticles are extensively employed as oral-delivery systems for drugs and other active ingredients. These have been exploited for many features in the field of pharmaceutical technology. Lipids usually enhance drug absorption in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and when formulated as nanoparticles, these molecules improve mucosal adhesion due to small particle size and increasing their GIT residence time. In addition, lipid nanoparticles may also protect the loaded drugs from chemical and enzymatic degradation and gradually release drug molecules from the lipid matrix into blood, resulting in improved therapeutic profiles compared to free drug. Therefore, due to their physiological and biodegradable properties, lipid molecules may decrease adverse side effects and chronic toxicity of the drug-delivery systems when compared to other of polymeric nature. This paper highlights the importance of lipid nanoparticles to modify the release profile and the pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs when administrated through oral route.
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