Accumulation of BNP7787 in Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cells

Clinical Evaluation of Tavocept to Decrease Diuresis Time and Volume in Dogs with Bladder Cancer Receiving Cisplatin

Background

Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common bladder cancer of dogs. Cisplatin combined with piroxicam provides superior response rates, but unacceptable rates of nephrotoxicity. Tavocept is a chemoprotectant that has mitigated cisplatin toxicity and decreased the required infusion/diuresis volume in clinical trials in humans.

Hypothesis/Objectives

We hypothesized that Tavocept would decrease diuresis volume and time and facilitate safe administration of a cisplatin/piroxicam protocol to dogs with bladder cancer. Secondary objectives were to compare response rate and survival times to an historical comparator group treated without Tavocept.

Animals

Fourteen client‐owned dogs were prospectively enrolled.

Methods

Tumor volume was measured by computed tomography at days 0, 42, and 84. Dogs received combination Tavocept/cisplatin with a shortened diuresis protocol. A total of 4 doses was planned, with concurrent administration of piroxicam. Serial biochemical analyses were evaluated for azotemia.

Results

A 90‐minute infusion/diuresis time was used for all dogs. Three dogs (21%) had concurrent increases in serum creatinine (>2.0 mg/dL) and BUN (>42 mg/dL) concentrations; 2 of these dogs were isosthenuric. This frequency of nephrotoxicity is significantly less (P = 0.0406) than that of an historical control group treated without Tavocept. Overall response rate was 27%. Median survival time was comparable to historical controls (253 vs. 246 days).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Tavocept decreased the required diuresis time with cisplatin from > 6 hours to 90 minutes, while also decreasing occurrence of azotemia. Survival time was comparable, but the response rate was inferior to an historical comparator group. Further evaluation in other tumors susceptible to platinum agents is warranted.

Cytotoxic effects and cellular oxidative mechanisms of metallic nanoparticles on renal tubular cells: impact of particle solubility

Many uncertainties remain regarding the potential toxic effect of nanoparticles.

Nyamori V, Omondi B, Masimirembwa C, Simoyi RH. Kinetics and mechanistic investigation into the possible activation of imidazolium trans-[tetrachloridodimethylsulfoxideimidazoleruthenate(iii)], NAMI-A, by 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate

NAMI-A is a promising antimetastatic prodrug with high specificity for metastatic cancer cells.

Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and targets of nephroprotection: an update

Cisplatin is a highly effective antitumor agent whose clinical application is limited by the inherent nephrotoxicity. The current measures of nephroprotection used in patients receiving cisplatin are not satisfactory, and studies have focused on the investigation of new possible protective strategies. Many pathways involved in cisplatin nephrotoxicity have been delineated and proposed as targets for nephroprotection, and many new potentially protective agents have been reported. The multiple pathways which lead to renal damage and renal cell death have points of convergence and share some common modulators. The most frequent event among all the described pathways is the oxidative stress that acts as both a trigger and a result. The most exploited pathways, the proposed protective strategies, the achievements obtained so far as well as conflicting data are summarized and discussed in this review, providing a general view of the knowledge accumulated with past and recent research on this subject.