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Wang Y, Wang H, Zhu XX, Guan Y, Zhang Y. Smart microneedle patches for rapid, and painless transdermal insulin delivery. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:9335-9342. [PMID: 32969458 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01822h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin administration at mealtimes for the control of postprandial glucose is a major part of basal-bolus insulin therapy; however, painful subcutaneous (SC) injections lead to poor patient compliance. The microneedle (MN) patch, which allows painless transdermal drug delivery, is a promising substitute; however, it remains a big challenge to deliver insulin as rapidly as by SC injection. Here a novel MN patch is designed in which the MNs are coated with insulin/poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA) layer-by-layer (LBL) films at pH 3.0. This coating is pH-sensitive because the net charge of insulin turns from positive to negative when the pH increases from 3.0 to 7.4. As a result, when transferred to pH 7.4 media, e.g., when inserted into skin, the coating dissociates instantly and releases insulin rapidly. A brief epidermal application (<1 min) of the coated MNs is enough for complete film dissociation. More importantly, the coated MN patch exhibits a pharmacokinetic and a pharmacodynamic profile comparable to that of insulin administrated by SC injection, suggesting the coated MN patch can deliver insulin as rapidly as the SC injection. In addition, the patch exhibits excellent biocompatibility and storage stability. The new MN patch is expected to become a painless, convenient method for the control of postprandial glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Haozheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - X X Zhu
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ying Guan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Sarkar S, Das D, Dutta P, Kalita J, Wann SB, Manna P. Chitosan: A promising therapeutic agent and effective drug delivery system in managing diabetes mellitus. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sharma D, Singh J. Long-term glycemic control and prevention of diabetes complications in vivo using oleic acid-grafted-chitosan‑zinc-insulin complexes incorporated in thermosensitive copolymer. J Control Release 2020; 323:161-178. [PMID: 32283211 PMCID: PMC7299807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Daily injections for basal insulin therapy are far from ideal resulting in hypo/hyperglycemic episodes associated with fatal complications in type-1 diabetes patients. Here we report a delivery system that provides controlled release of insulin closely mimicking physiological basal insulin requirement for an extended period following a single subcutaneous injection. Stability of insulin was significantly improved by formation of zinc-insulin hexamers, further stabilized by electrostatic complex formation with chitosan polymer. Insulin complexes were homogenously incorporated into PLA-PEG-PLA, a biodegradable thermogel copolymer, that instantaneously forms a subcutaneous gel-depot following injection. Chitosan polymer was hydrophobically modified using oleic acid prior to complex formation with insulin to enable distribution of oleic acid-grafted-chitosan‑zinc-insulin complexes into the hydrophobic core of PLA-PEG-PLA thermogel-copolymer micelles. In vivo, daily administration of marketed long-acting insulin, glargine, resulted in fluctuating blood glucose levels between 91 and 443 mg/dL in type 1 diabetic rats. However, single administration of thermogel copolymeric formulation successfully demonstrated slow diffusion of insulin complexes maintaining peak-free basal insulin level of 21 mU/L for 91 days. Sustained release of basal insulin also correlated with efficient glycemic control (blood glucose <120 mg/dL), prevention of diabetic ketoacidosis and absence of cataract development, unlike other treatment groups. Moreover, there was no sign of inflammation, tissue damage, or collagen deposition around depot site, suggesting exceptional biocompatibility of the formulation for long-term use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA.
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, USA.
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Lipp L, Sharma D, Banerjee A, Singh J. In Vitro and in Vivo Optimization of Phase Sensitive Smart Polymer for Controlled Delivery of Rivastigmine for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharm Res 2020; 37:34. [PMID: 31942651 PMCID: PMC6996875 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-2757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, and most common form of dementia afflicting over 35 million people worldwide. Rivastigmine is a widely used therapeutic for ameliorating clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease. However, current treatments require frequent dosing either orally or via transdermal patch that lead to compliance issues and administration errors risking serious adverse effects. Our objective was to develop a smart polymer based delivery system for controlled release of rivastigmine over an extended period following a single subcutaneous injection. METHODS Rivastigmine release was optimized by tailoring critical factors including polymer concentration, polymer composition, drug concentration, solvent composition, and drug hydrophobicity (rivastigmine tartrate vs base). Optimized in vitro formulation was evaluated in vivo for safety and efficacy. RESULTS Formulation prepared using PLGA (50:50) at 5% w/v in 95:5 benzyl benzoate: benzoic acid demonstrated desirable controlled drug release characteristics in vitro. The formulation demonstrated sustained release of rivastigmine tartrate for 7 days in vivo with promising biocompatibility and acetylcholinesterase inhibition efficacy for 14 days. CONCLUSION The results exemplify an easily injectable controlled release formulation of rivastigmine prepared using phase-sensitive smart polymer. The optimized formulation significantly increases the dosing interval, and can potentially improve patient compliance as well as quality of life of patients living with Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Lipp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58105, USA
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58105, USA
| | - Amrita Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58105, USA.
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58105, USA
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Wang Y, Fu M, Wang Z, Zhu XX, Guan Y, Zhang Y. A sustained zero-order release carrier for long-acting, peakless basal insulin therapy. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1952-1959. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A new drug carrier, which mimics physiologic basal insulin, and secretes and releases insulin at a constant rate, was designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Mian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Zuwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - X. X. Zhu
- Département de Chimie
- Université de Montréal
- Canada
| | - Ying Guan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
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Sharma D, Arora S, Singh J. Smart Thermosensitive Copolymer Incorporating Chitosan-Zinc-Insulin Electrostatic Complexes for Controlled Delivery of Insulin: Effect of Chitosan Chain Length. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019; 69:1054-1068. [PMID: 33012880 PMCID: PMC7529327 DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1655750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This work was designed to optimize thermosensitive copolymeric depot-based system for delivering insulin at a controlled rate for a prolonged period following a single subcutaneous injection. Intrinsic ability of insulin to form hexamers in the presence of zinc and electrostatic complexes with chitosan (CS) were explored for improving stability and release characteristics of insulin through the copolymeric depot. CS-zinc-insulin complexes were prepared using CS of different chain lengths (5, 30, 50, 200 kDa). Effect of different chain lengths of CS on the thermal stability, binding constant, and release profile of insulin was determined. Increasing chain length of CS demonstrated increasing thermal stability of insulin. However, higher chain length of CS adversely affected the release profile of insulin. Hydrolytic degradation analysis showed rapid degradation of copolymer in formulation containing higher chain length of CS (200 kDa)-zinc-insulin complexes, implying formation of bigger pores and channels in copolymeric matrix during initial release in this system. However, formulation containing smaller chain length of CS (5 kDa)-zinc-insulin complexes demonstrated slow copolymer degradation and sustained insulin release profile. Additionally, CS-zinc-insulin complexes were effective in preserving stability of insulin during the entire duration of release and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Sanjay Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
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Joyce JC, Sella HE, Jost H, Mistilis MJ, Esser ES, Pradhan P, Toy R, Collins ML, Rota PA, Roy K, Skountzou I, Compans RW, Oberste MS, Weldon WC, Norman JJ, Prausnitz MR. Extended delivery of vaccines to the skin improves immune responses. J Control Release 2019; 304:135-145. [PMID: 31071375 PMCID: PMC6613980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines prevent 2-3 million childhood deaths annually; however, low vaccine efficacy and the resulting need for booster doses create gaps in immunization coverage. In this translational study, we explore the benefits of extended release of licensed vaccine antigens into skin to increase immune responses after a single dose in order to design improved vaccine delivery systems. By administering daily intradermal injections of inactivated polio vaccine according to six different delivery profiles, zeroth-order release over 28 days resulted in neutralizing antibody titers equivalent to two bolus vaccinations administered one month apart. Vaccinations following this profile also improved immune responses to tetanus toxoid and subunit influenza vaccine but not a live-attenuated viral vaccine, measles vaccine. Finally, using subunit influenza vaccine, we demonstrated that daily vaccination by microneedle patch induced a potent, balanced humoral immunity with an increased memory response compared to bolus vaccination. We conclude that extended presentation of antigen in skin via intradermal injection or microneedle patch can enhance immune responses and reduce the number of vaccine doses, thereby enabling increased vaccination efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Joyce
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Hila E Sella
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Heather Jost
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Matthew J Mistilis
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - E Stein Esser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Pallab Pradhan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Randall Toy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Marcus L Collins
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Paul A Rota
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - M Steven Oberste
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - William C Weldon
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - James J Norman
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Baghban Taraghdari Z, Imani R, Mohabatpour F. A Review on Bioengineering Approaches to Insulin Delivery: A Pharmaceutical and Engineering Perspective. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1800458. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Baghban Taraghdari
- Z. Baghban Taraghdari, Dr. R. Imani, F. MohabatpourDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringAmirkabir University of Technology Tehran 15875/4413 Iran
| | - Rana Imani
- Z. Baghban Taraghdari, Dr. R. Imani, F. MohabatpourDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringAmirkabir University of Technology Tehran 15875/4413 Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohabatpour
- Z. Baghban Taraghdari, Dr. R. Imani, F. MohabatpourDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringAmirkabir University of Technology Tehran 15875/4413 Iran
- Division of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N5A9 Canada
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Li Z, Li H, Wang C, Xu J, Singh V, Chen D, Zhang J. Sodium dodecyl sulfate/β-cyclodextrin vesicles embedded in chitosan gel for insulin delivery with pH-selective release. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:344-51. [PMID: 27471675 PMCID: PMC4951593 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In an answer to the challenge of enzymatic instability and low oral bioavailability of proteins/peptides, a new type of drug-delivery vesicle has been developed. The preparation, based on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) embedded in chitosan gel, was used to successfully deliver the model drug-insulin. The self-assembled SDS/β-CD vesicles were prepared and characterized by particle size, zeta potential, appearance, microscopic morphology and entrapment efficiency. In addition, both the interaction of insulin with vesicles and the stability of insulin loaded in vesicles in the presence of pepsin were investigated. The vesicles were crosslinked into thermo-sensitive chitosan/β-glycerol phosphate solution for an in-situ gel to enhance the dilution stability. The in vitro release characteristics of insulin from gels in media at different pH values were investigated. The insulin loaded vesicles–chitosan hydrogel (IVG) improved the dilution stability of the vesicles and provided pH-selective sustained release compared with insulin solution–chitosan hydrogel (ISG). In vitro, IVG exhibited slow release in acidic solution and relatively quick release in neutral solutions to provide drug efficacy. In simulated digestive fluid, IVG showed better sustained release and insulin protection properties compared with ISG. Thus IVG might improve the stability of insulin during its transport in vivo and contribute to the bioavailability and therapeutic effect of insulin.
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Abstract
Discovery of insulin in the early 1900s initiated the research and development to improve the means of therapeutic protein delivery in patients. In the past decade, great emphasis has been placed on bringing protein and peptide therapeutics to market. Despite tremendous efforts, parenteral delivery still remains the major mode of administration for protein and peptide therapeutics. Other routes such as oral, nasal, pulmonary and buccal are considered more opportunistic rather than routine application. Improving biological half-life, stability and therapeutic efficacy is central to protein and peptide delivery. Several approaches have been tried in the past to improve protein and peptide in vitro/in vivo stability and performance. Approaches may be broadly categorized as chemical modification and colloidal delivery systems. In this review we have discussed various chemical approaches such as PEGylation, hyperglycosylation, mannosylation, and colloidal carriers including microparticles, nanoparticles, liposomes, carbon nanotubes and micelles for improving protein and peptide delivery. Recent developments on in situ thermosensitive gel-based protein and peptide delivery have also been described. This review summarizes recent developments on some currently existing approaches to improve stability, bioavailability and bioactivity of peptide and protein therapeutics following parenteral administration.
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Mo R, Jiang T, Di J, Tai W, Gu Z. Emerging micro- and nanotechnology based synthetic approaches for insulin delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:3595-629. [PMID: 24626293 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60436e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is essential for type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetics to maintain blood glucose levels and prolong lives. The traditional administration requires frequent subcutaneous insulin injections that are associated with poor patient compliance, including pain, local tissue necrosis, infection, and nerve damage. Taking advantage of emerging micro- and nanotechnologies, numerous alternative strategies integrated with chemical approaches for insulin delivery have been investigated. This review outlines recent developments in the controlled delivery of insulin, including oral, nasal, pulmonary, transdermal, subcutaneous and closed-loop insulin delivery. Perspectives from new materials, formulations and devices at the micro- or nano-scales are specifically surveyed. Advantages and limitations of current delivery methods, as well as future opportunities and challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Mo
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Santos AC, Cunha J, Veiga F, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Ribeiro AJ. Ultrasonication of insulin-loaded microgel particles produced by internal gelation: Impact on particle's size and insulin bioactivity. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:1397-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Yu L, Li K, Liu X, Chen C, Bao Y, Ci T, Chen Q, Ding J. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of a Once-weekly Formulation of an Antidiabetic Peptide Drug Exenatide in an Injectable Thermogel. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:4140-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Oak M, Singh J. Chitosan-zinc-insulin complex incorporated thermosensitive polymer for controlled delivery of basal insulin in vivo. J Control Release 2012; 163:145-53. [PMID: 22902516 PMCID: PMC6172955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Thermosensitive polymeric delivery system (PLA-PEG-PLA) loaded with chitosan-zinc-insulin complex was designed for continuous in vivo insulin delivery at basal level for prolonged period after a single subcutaneous injection. Chitosan-zinc-insulin complex was optimized to restrict the diffusion of insulin from the delivery system by forming large complexes and thereby reducing the initial burst release. The in vivo absorption and bioactivity of insulin released from the delivery systems were studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. The amount of insulin released in vivo was quantified using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and its bioactivity was determined by its ability to reduce the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. An indirect ELISA was performed to determine the immunogenic potential of insulin released from the formulations. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the delivery system was studied using an MTT assay, and by studying the histology of skin samples, respectively. Chitosan-zinc-insulin complex significantly (P<0.05) reduced the initial burst release of insulin from the polymeric delivery system in comparison to zinc-insulin or insulin alone. The delivery system released insulin for ~3 months in biologically active form with corresponding reduction in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. The insulin released from the delivery systems did not provoke any immune response. The delivery systems demonstrated excellent biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo and were non-toxic. The results indicate that the chitosan-zinc-insulin complex incorporated in the thermosensitive polymeric delivery system can be used as an alternative to the conventional daily basal insulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayura Oak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nursing, and Allied Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
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Oak M, Mandke R, Singh J. Smart polymers for peptide and protein parenteral sustained delivery. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2012; 9:e71-e174. [PMID: 24064273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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