1
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Ruan J, Liu C, Song H, Zhong T, Quan P, Fang L. A skin pharmacokinetics study of permeation enhancers: The root cause of dynamic enhancement effect on in vivo drug permeation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:170-180. [PMID: 36731755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Skin pharmacokinetics (SPK) of permeation enhancers can answer the question of why enhancement effects different at the kinetic level. Herein, SPK of permeation enhancers were classified into two categories, namely, lateral elimination (elimination to surrounding stratum corneum (SC)) and longitudinal elimination (elimination to deep epidermal (EP)). They were evaluated with a specific parameter for permeation enhancers, diffusion ratio (DRSC-EP), according to results of tissue-distribution test, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The linear relationship between ke-enahcer and Δ Cmax-drug (R2 = 0.92), MRTenhancer and Δ Tmax-drug (R2 = 0.97), AUCt-enhancer and Δ AUCt-drug (R2 = 0.90) suggesting that SPK of permeation enhancers precisely controlled dynamic process of drug permeation in vivo. The molecular mechanisms of the dynamic effect of SPK process on drug transdermal behaviors were characterized by modulated-temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC), dielectric spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), solid-state NMR. Permeation enhancers with high molecular weight (M.W.) and high polar surface area (P.S.A.) had good compatibility and strong interaction strength with SC, leading their lateral-elimination behavior, causing their low DRSC-EP and resulting in low ke-enhancer, long MRTenhancer, and large AUCt-enhancer. Consequently, skin barrier can be rapidly opened fast and to a great extent. In summary, compared with SPK of permeation enhancers with longitudinal elimination, SPK of permeation enhancers with lateral elimination can enable more sustainable and greater drug permeation. The information about SPK of permeation enhancers offered a criterion to estimate its permeation-enhancement effect on the drug and its subsequent application in transdermal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuheng Ruan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Haoyuan Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Ting Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Peng Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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2
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Maurya A, Bae J, Kenchappa V, Shivakumar HN, Maibach H, Repka MA, Murthy SN. Convective Solvent Transport Pathways for Absorption of Drugs from Topical Formulation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:178. [PMID: 35761149 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Physicochemical and formulation factors influencing penetration of drugs from topical products into the skin and mechanisms of drug permeation are well investigated and reported in the literature. However, mechanisms of drug absorption during short-term exposure have not been given sufficient importance. In this project, the extent of absorption of drug molecules into the skin from aqueous and ethanolic solutions following a 5-min application period was investigated. The experiments demonstrated measurable magnitude of absorption into the skin for all the molecules tested despite the duration of exposure being only few minutes. Among the two solvents used, absorption was greater from aqueous than ethanolic solution. The results suggest that an alternative penetration pathway, herein referred to as the convective transport pathway, is likely responsible for the rapid, significant uptake of drug molecules during initial few minutes of exposure. Additionally, absorption through the convective transport pathways is a function of the physicochemical nature of the formulation vehicle rather than the API.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Maurya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, Mississipi, 38677, USA
| | - Jungeun Bae
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, Mississipi, 38677, USA
| | - Vanaja Kenchappa
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research (IDBR), Bangalore, India
| | - H N Shivakumar
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research (IDBR), Bangalore, India.,Department of Pharmaceutics, K.L.E.S' College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
| | - Howard Maibach
- University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, Mississipi, 38677, USA
| | - S Narasimha Murthy
- Topical Products Testing LLC, 9 Industrial Park Drive, Oxford, Mississipi, 38655, USA. .,Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research (IDBR), Bangalore, India.
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3
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Vanaja K, S S, Murthy SN, Shivakumar HN. Iontophoretic Mediated Intraarticular Delivery of Deformable Liposomes of Diclofenac Sodium. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 18:421-432. [PMID: 33059549 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666201014144708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Topical therapy is ineffective in the case of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) as it is not able to maintain therapeutic levels of the drug in the affected joint due to its inability to surpass the dermal circulation and penetrate into deeper tissues. One of the approaches to enhance deep tissue penetration of drugs is to increase drug delivery much above the dermal clearance. The objective of the present work was to formulate negatively charged Deformable Liposomes (DL) of Diclofenac Sodium (DS) using biosurfactants and target the same to the synovial fluid by application of iontophoresis. METHODS Deformable liposomes loaded with diclofenac sodium were formulated and characterized for surface morphology, particle size distribution, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. In vitro permeation of the diclofenac from aqueous solution, conventional liposomes, and deformable liposomes under iontophoresis was performed using Franz diffusion cells and compared to passive control. Intraarticular microdialysis was carried out to determine the time course of drug concentration in the synovial fluid at the knee-joint region of the hind limb in Sprague Dawley rats. RESULTS The vesicles were found to display a high entrapment (> 60%) and possess a negative zeta potential lower than -30 mV. The size of the vesicles was varied from 112.41 ± 1.42 nm and 154.6 ± 3.22 nm, demonstrated good stability on the application of iontophoresis. The iontophoretic flux values for the DS aqueous solution, conventional liposomes and deformable liposomal formulation were found to be 7.55 ± 0.42, 16.75±1.77and 44.01 ± 3.47 μg/ cm2 h-1, respectively. Deformable liposomes were found to display an enhancement of 5.83 fold compared to passive control. Iontophoresis was found to enhance the availability of DS deformable liposomes (0.56 ± 0.08 μg.h/ml) in the synovial fluid by nearly 2-fold over passive delivery (0.29 ± 0.05 μg.h/ml). CONCLUSION Results obtained indicate that iontophoretic mediated transport of deformable liposomes could improve the regional bioavailability of diclofenac sodium to the synovial joints, an efficient mode for treating MSD in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenchappa Vanaja
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Salwa S
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bangalore, India
| | | | - H N Shivakumar
- Institute for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Research, Bangalore, India
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4
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Del Río-Sancho S, Pan Delgado D, de la Fuente GF, García-Caballero T, Taboada-Suárez A, Csaba N, Bao-Varela C, José Alonso M. Laser-induced transient skin disruption to enhance cutaneous drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 156:165-175. [PMID: 32891732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of pressure waves (PW) to disrupt the stratum corneum (SC) temporarily is an effective strategy to increase the deposition of drug molecules into the skin. However, given the rather modest outcomes when compared with ablation-assisted drug delivery, its potential has been underestimated. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to examine the impact of Resonant Amplitude Waves (RAWs) on increasing cutaneous delivery. RAW phenomena are triggered by focusing a high-peak-power pulsed laser onto an appropriate transducer structure, under space- and time-controlled resolution. In order to determine the optimal conditions for the generation and use of RAWs, a screening of laser parameters setting and an analysis of different geometries of the impact pattern over diverse materials used as transducers was performed, analyzing the footprint of the RAW waves in an agarose gel. The results obtained were then checked and fine-tuned using human skin samples instead of agarose. Furthermore, ex vivo experiments were carried out to characterize the effect of the RAWs in the cutaneous delivery of diclofenac (DIC) and lidocaine (LID) administered in the form of gels. The application of RAWs resulted in an increased delivery of DIC and LID to the skin, whose intensity was dependent on the composition of the formulation. In fact, the maximum observed for DIC and LID in short-time experiments (39.1 ± 11.1 and 153 ± 16 µg/cm2, respectively) was comparable to those observed using ablation-assisted drug delivery under the same conditions. In conclusion, the combination of RAWs with specific formulation strategies is a feasible alternative for the cutaneous delivery of drug candidates when short onset of action is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Del Río-Sancho
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diego Pan Delgado
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Germán F de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón, CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, María de Luna 3, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tomás García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University Clinical Hospital, IDIS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Taboada-Suárez
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Noemi Csaba
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Bao-Varela
- UA Microóptica & Óptica GRIN (USC-CSIC), Photonics4 life group, Facultade de Física e Facultade de Óptica e Optometría, Universidade Santiago Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María José Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Av. Barcelona s/n, Campus Vida, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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5
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Mendonsa NS, Pradhan A, Sharma P, Prado RMB, Murthy SN, Kundu S, Repka MA. A quality by design approach to develop topical creams via hot-melt extrusion technology. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 136:104948. [PMID: 31173868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The advantages of hot-melt extrusion technology (HME) over conventional techniques to develop topical semisolids have been established. However, this technique is not widely used for semisolid production. Therefore, the aim of this novel work was to develop creams using the melt extrusion technology while applying Quality by Design (QbD) principles to study the effects of the extrusion process parameters on the product characteristics. The model drug selected was hydrocortisone acetate. A 23 factorial design was considered for the factor influence study, which resulted in eight formulations to be extruded. Of the process parameters considered, the temperature of zone 2 had a significant influence on the work of adhesion of the creams. A similar permeation profile was obtained for all the formulations with the formulations following a diffusion based drug release mechanism. The results from the size distribution graph indicated stable cream formulations. In conclusion, this technology coupled with a design of experiments approach could be utilized to study how the extrusion process parameters could be modified to develop consistent topical creams with ideal product characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Mendonsa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Adwait Pradhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Purnendu Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Rosa M B Prado
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Oktibbeha County, MS 39762, USA
| | - S Narasimha Murthy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Santanu Kundu
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Oktibbeha County, MS 39762, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
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6
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Evaluation of soluble fentanyl microneedles for loco-regional anti-nociceptive activity. Int J Pharm 2019; 564:485-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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7
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Rangappa S, Rangan KK, Sudarshan TS, Murthy SN. Antiallodynic and Antihyperalgesic Activities of Fentanyl-Loaded Dermal Clay Dressings in Rat Model of Second-Degree Burn Injury. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2628-2634. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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8
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Maurya A, Nanjappa SH, Honnavar S, Salwa M, Murthy SN. Rapidly Dissolving Microneedle Patches for Transdermal Iron Replenishment Therapy. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1642-1647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Mendonsa NS, Murthy SN, Hashemnejad SM, Kundu S, Zhang F, Repka MA. Development of poloxamer gel formulations via hot-melt extrusion technology. Int J Pharm 2018; 537:122-131. [PMID: 29253585 PMCID: PMC5798890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poloxamer gels are conventionally prepared by the "hot" or the "cold" process. But these techniques have some disadvantages such as high energy consumption, requires expensive equipment and often have scale up issues. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop poloxamer gels by hot-melt extrusion technology. The model drug selected was ketoprofen. The formulations developed were 30% and 40% poloxamer gels. Of these formulations, the 30% poloxamer gels were selected as ideal gels. DSC and XRD studies showed an amorphous nature of the drug after extrusion. It was observed from the permeation studies that with increasing poloxamer concentration, a decrease in drug permeation was obtained. Other studies conducted for the formulations included in-vitro release studies, texture analysis, rheological studies and pH measurements. In conclusion, the hot-melt extrusion technology could be successfully employed to develop poloxamer gels by overcoming the drawbacks associated with the conventional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Mendonsa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - S Narasimha Murthy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Seyed Meysam Hashemnejad
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Oktibbeha County, MS 39762, USA
| | - Santanu Kundu
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Oktibbeha County, MS 39762, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
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10
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Radwan RR, Mohamed HA, Ali HE, Mahmoud GA. Radiation preparation of l-arginine/acrylic acid hydrogel matrix patch for transdermal delivery of propranolol HCl in hypertensive rats. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:525-535. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Zu Q, Yu Y, Bi X, Zhang R, Di L. Microneedle-Assisted Percutaneous Delivery of a Tetramethylpyrazine-Loaded Microemulsion. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22112022. [PMID: 29160824 PMCID: PMC6150303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the efficacy of the percutaneous delivery of a tetramethylpyrazine-loaded microemulsion (TMP-ME) on skin pretreated with microneedles (MN). The TMP-ME formulation was optimized in vitro with skin permeation experiments, using a uniform experimental design, guided by a pseudo-ternary phase diagram, in which the TMP skin permeation level and mean particle size were indices. The effects of MN pretreatment on skin permeation by TMP-ME were assessed using in vitro skin permeation, in vivo skin microdialysis, and pharmacokinetic studies in rats. The influence of MN pretreatment on the skin barrier function was evaluated by measuring the electrical resistance of rat skin before and after MN insertion. In the optimal formulation of TMP-ME, the weight percentages of Maisine® 35-1 (oil phase), Labrasol® (surfactant), and Transcutol® P (co-surfactant) were 7%, 30% and 10%, respectively, with 1.5% TMP loading. In the in vitro skin permeation study, MN-assisted TMP-ME exhibited a two-fold increase in a 24-h cumulative TMP permeation compared with TMP-ME alone (p < 0.05). In the skin microdialysis study, TMP in MN-assisted TMP-ME exhibited a 1.25-fold increase in Cmax, a 0.93-fold decrease in Tmax, and a 0.88-fold increase in AUC0–t (p < 0.05). Similarly, in the pharmacokinetic study, TMP in MN-assisted TMP-ME exhibited a 2.11-fold increase in Cmax, a 0.67-fold decrease in Tmax, and a 1.07-fold increase in AUC0–t (p < 0.05). The percutaneous electrical resistance of rat skin before and after MN insertion was 850 ± 50 Ω/cm2 and 283 ± 104 Ω/cm2 respectively, indicating that MN dramatically compromises the skin barrier. These results suggest that MN assistance increases the skin permeation rate and the extent of percutaneous absorption of TMP-ME, and that the mechanism may involve the reversible barrier perturbation effect. The rate and extent of percutaneous absorption of TMP-ME can be significantly enhanced by MN assistance, possibly because MN causes a reversible barrier perturbation effect on skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center for Highly Efficient Drug Delivery Systems (DDS), Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yanyan Yu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Xiaolin Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center for Highly Efficient Drug Delivery Systems (DDS), Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Ren Zhang
- Shanghai Hutchison Pharmaceuticals Limited, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Liuqing Di
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center for Highly Efficient Drug Delivery Systems (DDS), Nanjing 210023, China.
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12
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Mendonsa NS, Thipsay P, Kim DW, Martin ST, Repka MA. Bioadhesive Drug Delivery System for Enhancing the Permeability of a BCS Class III Drug via Hot-Melt Extrusion Technology. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2639-2647. [PMID: 28247291 PMCID: PMC5600703 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As the buccal route of administration has the ability to avoid the GI tract and first-pass effect by directing the absorption toward the cheek area, the bioavailability of BCS class III drugs can be increased through this route. Only a handful of studies have been conducted using oleic acid as a permeation enhancer in any transbuccal drug delivery system. Therefore, the objectives of this novel study were to develop a buccal tablet using two concentrations of oleic acid for a model BCS class III drug via hot-melt extrusion technology and to investigate the effects of oleic acid on the physicochemical properties of the tablet. The model drug selected was ondansetron hydrochloride. Formulations consisting of polymers (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and polyethylene oxide) and two concentrations of oleic acid were prepared by hot-melt extrusion techniques. A melting point depression of the drug was obtained in the extruded granules as seen by the DSC thermograms. The ex vivo permeation studies showed a greater permeation of the drug in the formulation containing 10% oleic acid (F2) as compared to the formulation containing 20% oleic acid (F1), although not statistically significant. The in vitro bioadhesion studies, swelling studies, and surface pH measurements of the tablets were also conducted. In conclusion, permeation studies exhibited the potential of oleic acid as a buccal permeation enhancer as a significant permeation of the drug was obtained in the formulations. Hot-melt extrusion technology was successfully employed to formulate buccal tablets of ondansetron hydrochloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Mendonsa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Priyanka Thipsay
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Dong Wuk Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Scott T Martin
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Tewksbury, Massachusetts, 01876, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
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13
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A Novel Approach for the Development of a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Formulation by Hot-Melt Extrusion Technology. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1085-1091. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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14
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Liu X, Quan P, Li S, Liu C, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Fang L. Time dependence of the enhancement effect of chemical enhancers: Molecular mechanisms of enhancing kinetics. J Control Release 2017; 248:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Erdő F, Hashimoto N, Karvaly G, Nakamichi N, Kato Y. Critical evaluation and methodological positioning of the transdermal microdialysis technique. A review. J Control Release 2016; 233:147-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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Modelling of dissolving microneedles for transdermal drug delivery: Theoretical and experimental aspects. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 68:137-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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17
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Goh CF, Lane ME. Formulation of diclofenac for dermal delivery. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:607-16. [PMID: 25091375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DF) was first synthesized in the 1960's and is currently available as ophthalmic, oral, parenteral, rectal and skin preparations. This review focuses on the administration of DF to the skin. As a member of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) group of drugs the primary indications of DF are for the management of inflammation and pain but it is also used to treat actinic keratosis. The specific aims of this paper are to: (i) provide an overview of the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of DF following oral and topical administration; (ii) examine critically the various formulation approaches which have been investigated to enhance dermal delivery of DF; and (iii) identify new formulation strategies for enhanced DF skin penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Fu Goh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Majella E Lane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
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Maurya A, Repka M, Cegu P, Narasimha Murthy S. Pre-treatment with chemical penetration enhancers in dermal/transdermal drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(14)50042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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