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Abstract
The application of metals in biological systems has been a rapidly growing branch of science. Vanadium has been investigated and reported as an anticancer agent. Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, the incidence of which has been increasing annually worldwide. It is of paramount importance to identify novel pharmacological agents for melanoma treatment. Herein, a systematic review of publications including “Melanoma and Vanadium” was performed. Nine vanadium articles in several melanoma cells lines such as human A375, human CN-mel and murine B16F10, as well as in vivo studies, are described. Vanadium-based compounds with anticancer activity against melanoma include: (1) oxidovanadium(IV); (2) XMenes; (3) vanadium pentoxide, (4) oxidovanadium(IV) pyridinonate compounds; (5) vanadate; (6) polysaccharides vanadium(IV/V) complexes; (7) mixed-metal binuclear ruthenium(II)–vanadium(IV) complexes; (8) pyridoxal-based oxidovanadium(IV) complexes and (9) functionalized nanoparticles of yttrium vanadate doped with europium. Vanadium compounds and/or vanadium materials show potential anticancer activities that may be used as a useful approach to treat melanoma.
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Hammoud L, Adams JR, Loch AJ, Marcellus RC, Uehling DE, Aman A, Fladd C, McKee TD, Jo CEB, Al-Awar R, Egan SE, Rossant J. Identification of RSK and TTK as Modulators of Blood Vessel Morphogenesis Using an Embryonic Stem Cell-Based Vascular Differentiation Assay. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:787-801. [PMID: 27618721 PMCID: PMC5063585 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are formed through vasculogenesis, followed by remodeling of the endothelial network through angiogenesis. Many events that occur during embryonic vascular development are recapitulated during adult neoangiogenesis, which is critical to tumor growth and metastasis. Current antiangiogenic tumor therapies, based largely on targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway, show limited clinical benefits, thus necessitating the discovery of alternative targets. Here we report the development of a robust embryonic stem cell-based vascular differentiation assay amenable to small-molecule screens to identify novel modulators of angiogenesis. In this context, RSK and TTK were identified as angiogenic modulators. Inhibition of these pathways inhibited angiogenesis in embryoid bodies and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, inhibition of RSK and TTK reduced tumor growth, vascular density, and improved survival in an in vivo Lewis lung carcinoma mouse model. Our study suggests that RSK and TTK are potential targets for antiangiogenic therapy, and provides an assay system for further pathway screens. Development of ESC-based vascular differentiation assay amenable to drug screening Screening a kinase library identified RSK and TTK as angiogenic modulators RSK and TTK inhibition disrupted angiogenesis in vitro RSK and TTK inhibition inhibited Lewis lung tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Hammoud
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jessica R Adams
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Amanda J Loch
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Richard C Marcellus
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - David E Uehling
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Ahmed Aman
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Christopher Fladd
- SPARC BioCentre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Trevor D McKee
- Radiation Medicine Program, STTARR Innovation Centre, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Christine E B Jo
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Rima Al-Awar
- Drug Discovery Department, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Sean E Egan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Janet Rossant
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Ahmed M, Kumar G, Moussa M, Wang Y, Rozenblum N, Galun E, Goldberg SN. Hepatic Radiofrequency Ablation-induced Stimulation of Distant Tumor Growth Is Suppressed by c-Met Inhibition. Radiology 2016; 279:103-17. [PMID: 26418615 PMCID: PMC4819900 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015150080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate how hepatic radiofrequency (RF) ablation affects distant extrahepatic tumor growth by means of two key molecular pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were used in this institutional animal care and use committee-approved study. First, the effect of hepatic RF ablation on distant subcutaneous in situ R3230 and MATBIII breast tumors was evaluated. Animals were randomly assigned to standardized RF ablation, sham procedure, or no treatment. Tumor growth rate was measured for 3½ to 7 days. Then, tissue was harvested for Ki-67 proliferative indexes and CD34 microvascular density. Second, hepatic RF ablation was performed for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and c-Met receptor expression measurement in periablational rim, serum, and distant tumor 24 hours to 7 days after ablation. Third, hepatic RF ablation was combined with either a c-Met inhibitor (PHA-665752) or VEGF receptor inhibitor (semaxanib) and compared with sham or drug alone arms to assess distant tumor growth and growth factor levels. Finally, hepatic RF ablation was performed in rats with c-Met-negative R3230 tumors for comparison with the native c-Met-positive line. Tumor size and immunohistochemical quantification at day 0 and at sacrifice were compared with analysis of variance and the two-tailed Student t test. Tumor growth curves before and after treatment were analyzed with linear regression analysis to determine mean slopes of pre- and posttreatment growth curves on a per-tumor basis and were compared with analysis of variance and paired two-tailed t tests. RESULTS After RF ablation of normal liver, distant R3230 tumors were substantially larger at 7 days compared with tumors treated with the sham procedure and untreated tumors, with higher growth rates and tumor cell proliferation. Similar findings were observed in MATBIII tumors. Hepatic RF ablation predominantly increased periablational and serum HGF and downstream distant tumor VEGF levels. Compared with RF ablation alone, RF ablation combined with adjuvant PHA-665752 or semaxanib reduced distant tumor growth, proliferation, and microvascular density. For c-Met-negative tumors, hepatic RF ablation did not increase distant tumor growth, proliferation, or microvascular density compared with sham treatment. CONCLUSION RF ablation of normal liver can stimulate distant subcutaneous tumor growth mediated by HGF/c-Met pathway and VEGF activation. This effect was not observed in c-Met-negative tumors and can be blocked with adjuvant c-Met and VEGF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb Ahmed
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marwan Moussa
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuanguo Wang
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Rozenblum
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eithan Galun
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S. Nahum Goldberg
- From the Laboratory for Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, 1 Deaconess Rd, WCC 308-B, Boston, MA 02215 (M.A., G.K., M.M., Y.W., S.N.G.); and Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy (N.R., E.G.) and Division of Image-guided Therapy and Interventional Oncology, Department of Radiology (S.N.G.), Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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