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Çağlayan U, Gündoğdu S, Ramos TM, Syberg K. Intravenous hypertonic fluids as a source of human microplastic exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 107:104411. [PMID: 38452961 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the presence of microplastics (MPs) in hypertonic fluid solutions, a widely used medical treatment packaged predominantly in plastic. For this purpose, in this study, 13 hypertonic fluid samples from different brands and two different types of packaging (polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride) were analyzed using visual particle counting, µ-Raman microscopy and ATR-FTIR. The results reveal the pervasive presence of MPs in all samples, with an estimated average concentration of 62.82 ± 72.38 MPs/1000 mL. There was no statistically significant difference in MP concentration between PP and PVC packaging. The particles predominantly consisted of fragments (74.1%) and fibers (25.9%), ranging in size from 0.04 to 2.37 mm. µ-Raman analysis identified 12 synthetic polymers as well as cellulose, with polyethylene and cellulose being the most prevalent. In conclusion, this study underscores the alarming presence of MPs in hypertonic fluid solutions, raising concerns about potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uğur Çağlayan
- Central Research Laboratory, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkiye
| | - Sedat Gündoğdu
- Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkiye.
| | - Tiffany M Ramos
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark
| | - Kristian Syberg
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark
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Canepa P, Canale C, Cavalleri O, Marletta G, Messina GML, Messori M, Novelli R, Mattioli SL, Apparente L, Detta N, Romeo T, Allegretti M. Adsorption of the rhNGF Protein on Polypropylene with Different Grades of Copolymerization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2076. [PMID: 36903190 PMCID: PMC10004483 DOI: 10.3390/ma16052076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The surface properties of drug containers should reduce the adsorption of the drug and avoid packaging surface/drug interactions, especially in the case of biologically-derived products. Here, we developed a multi-technique approach that combined Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Contact Angle (CA), Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), and X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS) to investigate the interactions of rhNGF on different pharma grade polymeric materials. Polypropylene (PP)/polyethylene (PE) copolymers and PP homopolymers, both as spin-coated films and injected molded samples, were evaluated for their degree of crystallinity and adsorption of protein. Our analyses showed that copolymers are characterized by a lower degree of crystallinity and lower roughness compared to PP homopolymers. In line with this, PP/PE copolymers also show higher contact angle values, indicating a lower surface wettability for the rhNGF solution on copolymers than PP homopolymers. Thus, we demonstrated that the chemical composition of the polymeric material and, in turn, its surface roughness determine the interaction with the protein and identified that copolymers may offer an advantage in terms of protein interaction/adsorption. The combined QCM-D and XPS data indicated that protein adsorption is a self-limiting process that passivates the surface after the deposition of roughly one molecular layer, preventing any further protein adsorption in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Canepa
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Canale
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Ornella Cavalleri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marletta
- Laboratory for Molecular Surface and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania and CSGI, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia M. L. Messina
- Laboratory for Molecular Surface and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania and CSGI, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Messori
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Rubina Novelli
- Research & Early Development, Dompè Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Santa Lucia 6, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Luca Mattioli
- Research & Early Development, Dompè Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via De Amicis 95, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Apparente
- Research & Early Development, Dompè Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via De Amicis 95, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Detta
- Research & Early Development, Dompè Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via De Amicis 95, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Tiziana Romeo
- Research & Early Development, Dompè Farmaceutici S.p.A., Loc. Campo di Pile, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Marcello Allegretti
- Research & Early Development, Dompè Farmaceutici S.p.A., Loc. Campo di Pile, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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Gopinath PM, Parvathi VD, Yoghalakshmi N, Kumar SM, Athulya PA, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N. Plastic particles in medicine: A systematic review of exposure and effects to human health. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135227. [PMID: 35671817 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-use plastics (SUPs) have become an essential constituent of our daily life. It is being exploited in numerous pharmaceutical and healthcare applications. Despite their advantages and widespread use in the pharma and medical sectors, the potential clinical problems of plastics, especially the release of micro-nanoplastics (MNPs) and additives from medical plastics (e.g. bags, containers, and administrative sets) and sorption of drugs remain understudied. Certainly, the MNPs are multifaceted stressors that cause detrimental effects to the ecosystem and human health. The origin and persistence of MNPs in pharmaceutical products, their administration to humans, endurance and possible health implication, translocation, and excretion have not been reviewed in detail. The prime focus of this article is to conduct a systematic review on the leaching of MNPs and additives from pharmaceutical containers/administrative sets and their interaction with the pharmaceutical constituents. This review also explores the primary and secondary routes of MNPs entry from healthcare plastic products and their potential health hazards to humans. Furthermore, the fate of plastic waste generated in hospitals, their disposal, and associated MNPs release to the environment, along with preventive, and alternative measures are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Venkatachalam Deepa Parvathi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, SRIHER: Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Yoghalakshmi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, SRIHER: Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasan Madhan Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, SRIHER: Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Natarajan Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632 014, India.
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Wang M, Li Y, Srinivasan P, Hu Z, Wang R, Saragih A, Repka MA, Murthy SN. Interactions Between Biological Products and Product Packaging and Potential Approaches to Overcome Them. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:3681-3686. [PMID: 30280349 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological products such as protein-based biopharmaceuticals are playing an important role in the healthcare and pharmaceutical industry. The interaction between biological products and packaging materials has become the focus of many studies since it can reduce the effectiveness of biological products. These interactions are heavily influenced by the surface properties and physicochemical nature of the therapeutic agents and the packaging materials. Therefore, it is critical to understand the interactions between packaging materials and biological products in order to design biocompatible packaging materials and develop approaches to minimize adverse interactions. We describe the interactions that occur when using several common packaging materials, including glass and polymer. We discuss the interaction between these materials and biological products such as blood, blood derivatives, recombinant proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and gene therapeutics. We also summarize approaches for overcoming these interactions. Understanding the interactions between biological materials and packaging materials is critical for the development of novel packaging materials that improve the safety of pharmaceutical products.
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