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van Osdol WW, Novakovic J, Le Merdy M, Tsakalozou E, Ghosh P, Spires J, Lukacova V. Predicting Human Dermal Drug Concentrations Using PBPK Modeling and Simulation: Clobetasol Propionate Case Study. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:39. [PMID: 38366149 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantitative in silico tools may be leveraged to mechanistically predict the dermato-pharmacokinetics of compounds delivered from topical and transdermal formulations by integrating systems of rate equations that describe permeation through the formulation and layers of skin and pilo-sebaceous unit, and exchange with systemic circulation via local blood flow. Delivery of clobetasol-17 propionate (CP) from DermovateTM cream was simulated using the Transdermal Compartmental Absorption & Transit (TCATTM) Model in GastroPlus®. The cream was treated as an oil-in-water emulsion, with model input parameters estimated from publicly available information and quantitative structure-permeation relationships. From the ranges of values available for model input parameters, a set of parameters was selected by comparing model outputs to CP dermis concentration-time profiles measured by dermal open-flow microperfusion (Bodenlenz et al. Pharm Res. 33(9):2229-38, 2016). Predictions of unbound dermis CP concentrations were reasonably accurate with respect to time and skin depth. Parameter sensitivity analyses revealed considerable dependence of dermis CP concentration profiles on drug solubility in the emulsion, relatively less dependence on dispersed phase volume fraction and CP effective diffusivity in the continuous phase of the emulsion, and negligible dependence on dispersed phase droplet size. Effects of evaporative water loss from the cream and corticosteroid-induced vasoconstriction were also assessed. This work illustrates the applicability of computational modeling to predict sensitivity of dermato-pharmacokinetics to changes in thermodynamic and transport properties of a compound in a topical formulation, particularly in relation to rate-limiting steps in skin permeation. Where these properties can be related to formulation composition and processing, such a computational approach may support the design of topically applied formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W van Osdol
- Simulations Plus, Incorporated, 42505 10th Street West, Lancaster, California, 93534, USA
| | - Jasmina Novakovic
- Simulations Plus, Incorporated, 42505 10th Street West, Lancaster, California, 93534, USA
| | - Maxime Le Merdy
- Simulations Plus, Incorporated, 42505 10th Street West, Lancaster, California, 93534, USA
| | - Eleftheria Tsakalozou
- Office of Research and Standards (ORS), Office of Generic Drugs (OGD), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Priyanka Ghosh
- Office of Research and Standards (ORS), Office of Generic Drugs (OGD), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Spires
- Simulations Plus, Incorporated, 42505 10th Street West, Lancaster, California, 93534, USA.
| | - Viera Lukacova
- Simulations Plus, Incorporated, 42505 10th Street West, Lancaster, California, 93534, USA
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Tonnis K, Jaworska J, Kasting GB. Modeling the percutaneous absorption of solvent-deposited solids over a wide dose range: II. Weak electrolytes. J Control Release 2024; 365:435-447. [PMID: 37996054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Dermal absorption of weak electrolytes applied to skin from pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions is an important consideration for both their efficacy and skin safety. We developed a mechanistic, physics-based framework that simulates this process for leave on applications following solvent deposition. We incorporated this framework into our finite dose computational skin permeation model previously tested with nonelectrolytes to generate quantitative predictions for weak electrolytes. To test the model, we analyzed experimental data from an in vitro human skin permeation study of a weak acid (benzoic acid) and a weak base (propranolol) and their sodium and hydrochloride salts from simple, ethanol/water vehicles as a function of dose and ionization state. Key factors controlling absorption are the pH and buffer capacity of the dose solution, the dissolution rate of precipitated solids into a lipid boundary layer and the rate of conversion of the deposited solid to its conjugate form as the nonionized component permeates and (sometimes) evaporates from the skin surface. The resulting framework not only describes the current test data but has the potential to predict the absorption of other weak electrolytes following topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tonnis
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Joanna Jaworska
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Data and Modeling Sciences, Brussels Innovation Center, Belgium
| | - Gerald B Kasting
- The James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA.
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Tonnis K, Nitsche JM, Xu L, Haley A, Jaworska J, Kasting GB. Impact of solvent dry down, vehicle pH and slowly reversible keratin binding on skin penetration of cosmetic relevant compounds: I. Liquids. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122030. [PMID: 35863596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To measure progress and evaluate performance of the newest UB/UC/P&G skin penetration model we simulated an 18-compound subset of finite dose in vitro human skin permeation data taken from a solvent-deposition study of cosmetic-relevant compounds (Hewitt et al., J. Appl. Toxicol. 2019, 1-13). The recent model extension involved slowly reversible binding of solutes to stratum corneum keratins. The selected subset was compounds that are liquid at skin temperature. This set was chosen to distinguish between slow binding and slow dissolution effects that impact solid phase compounds. To adequately simulate the physical experiments there was a need to adjust the evaporation mass transfer coefficient to better represent the diffusion cell system employed in the study. After this adjustment the model successfully predicted both dermal delivery and skin surface distribution of 12 of the 18 compounds. Exceptions involved compounds that were cysteine-reactive, highly water-soluble or highly ionized in the dose solution. Slow binding to keratin, as presently parameterized, was shown to significantly modify the stratum corneum kinetics and diffusion lag times, but not the ultimate disposition, of the more lipophilic compounds in the dataset. Recommendations for further improvement of both modeling methods and experimental design are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Tonnis
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Johannes M Nitsche
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Lijing Xu
- The James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA
| | - Alison Haley
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Joanna Jaworska
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Data and Modeling Sciences, Brussels Innovation Center, Belgium
| | - Gerald B Kasting
- The James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA.
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Nitsche JM, Kasting GB. A Framework for Incorporating Transient Solute-Keratin Binding Into Dermal Absorption Models. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2093-2106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Yu F, Tonnis K, Xu L, Jaworska J, Kasting GB. Modeling the Percutaneous Absorption of Solvent-deposited Solids Over a Wide Dose Range. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:769-779. [PMID: 34627876 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The transient absorption of two skin care agents, niacinamide (nicotinamide, NA) and methyl nicotinate (MN), solvent-deposited on ex vivo human skin mounted in Franz diffusion cells has been analyzed according to a new variation on a recently published mechanistic skin permeability model (Yu et al. 2020. J Pharm Sci 110:2149-56). The model follows the absorption and evaporation of two components, solute and solvent, and it includes both a follicular transport component and a dissolution rate limitation for high melting, hydrophilic solids deposited on the skin. Explicit algorithms for improving the simulation of transient diffusion of solvent-deposited solids are introduced. The simulations can account for the ex vivo skin permeation time course of both NA and MN over a dose range exceeding 4.5 orders of magnitude. The model allows one to describe on a mechanistic basis why the percutaneous absorption rate of NA is approximately 60-fold lower than that of its lower melting, more lipophilic analog, MN. It furthermore suggests that MN perturbs stratum corneum barrier lipids and increases their permeability while NA does not, presenting a challenge to molecular modelers engaged in simulating biological lipid barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kevin Tonnis
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lijing Xu
- The James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joanna Jaworska
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Data and Modeling Sciences, Brussels Innovation Center, Belgium
| | - Gerald B Kasting
- The James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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Yu F, Tonnis K, Kasting GB, Jaworska J. Computer Simulation of Skin Permeability of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Chemicals - Influence of Follicular Pathway. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:2149-2156. [PMID: 33359309 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A recently published mechanistic skin permeability model (Kasting et al., 2019. J Pharm Sci 108:337-349) that included a follicular diffusion pathway has been extended to describe transient diffusion and finite dose applications. The model follows the disposition of two components, solute and solvent, so that solvent deposition processes can be explicitly represented. Experimentally-calibrated permeability characteristics of the follicular pathway leading to the permeation of highly hydrophilic permeants are further refined. Details of the refinements and a comparison with the earlier model using two large experimental datasets are presented. An example calculation shows the marked difference between the time scales for achievement of near steady-state diffusion for large hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds, with the former being more than 100-fold faster than the latter. However, the true steady state for the hydrophilic compound is not reached until much later due to the very slow filling of the corneocyte phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kevin Tonnis
- College of Engineering and Applied Science, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gerald B Kasting
- The James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Joanna Jaworska
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Data and Modeling Sciences, Brussels Innovation Center, Belgium
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Almeida RN, Costa P, Pereira J, Cassel E, Rodrigues AE. Evaporation and Permeation of Fragrance Applied to the Skin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael N. Almeida
- LSRE-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Costa
- LSRE-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Pereira
- LSRE-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Cassel
- Unit Operations Lab, Polytechnic School, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681 - Prédio 30, Bloco F, Sala 208, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alírio E. Rodrigues
- LSRE-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Compartmental modeling of skin transport. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 130:336-344. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Madden J, Webb S, Enoch S, Colley H, Murdoch C, Shipley R, Sharma P, Yang C, Cronin M. In silico prediction of skin metabolism and its implication in toxicity assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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What happens in the skin? Integrating skin permeation kinetics into studies of developmental and reproductive toxicity following topical exposure. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 58:252-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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