High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of perphenazine and amitriptyline hydrochloride in two-component tablet formulations

Application of two chemometric methods for the determination of imipramine, amitriptyline and perphenazine in content uniformity and drug dissolution studies

Double-divisor spectra derivative and partial least squares methods were developed for content uniformity and dissolution tests in binary or ternary mixtures. The simultaneous determinations of perphenazine (PER) combined with amitriptyline hydrochloride (AMI) and/or imipramine hydrochloride (IMI) have been accomplished using the information of the absorption spectra of appropriate solutions. The double-divisor method is based on the use of the first derivative of the ratio spectrum obtained by dividing the absorption spectrum of the ternary mixture PER-AMI-IMI by a standard spectrum resulted from the addition of two of the three analytes in equal concentrations. The concentration of each component is then determined from their respective calibration graphs established by measuring the ratio derivative analytical signal at a specific wavelength. In this method, the linear determination ranges were of 3.65-18.24 microg/mL for PER, 4.32-21.60 microg/mL for AMI, and 4.83-24.19 microg/mL for IMI. The results were compared with those obtained by partial least squares multivariate calibration (PLS) method pre-treated by a wavelet compression-orthogonal signal correction (W-OSC) filter in zero-order derivative spectra. The calibration model was evaluated by internal validation (cross-validation) and by external validation over synthetic mixtures, content uniformity and dissolution tests. According to the dissolution profile test more than 95% of the three substances were dissolved within 10 min. The results from both techniques were statistically compared with each other and can be satisfactorily used for quantitative analysis and dissolution tests of multicomponent tablets.

Quantification of perphenazine in eurasian otter (Lutra lutra lutra) urine samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Perphenazine enanthate has been used in wild animals as a tranquilizer during the period of adaptation to new environments to reduce stress, mortalities and injuries. A gas chromatographic procedure for the quantitative measurement of perphenazine in otter urine has been developed and validated. The method involved an enzymatic hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase-arylsulfatase from Helix pomatia, followed by a solid-phase extraction with Bond Elut Certify cartridges. The resulting organic phase was evaporated, and the dry extract was derivatised with MSTFA to form the O-TMS derivative. The derivatised extracts were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using SIM acquisition mode, measuring three diagnostic ions (m/z 246, 372 and 475). Another phenothiazine derivative, fluphenazine, was used as the internal standard (I.S.). Extraction recoveries for perphenazine and I.S. were 87.6 +/- 8.2% (n=4) and 106.7 +/- 13.4% (n=4), respectively. The calibration curves were linear in the range from 4 to 100 ng/ml (r2=0.99). The limits of detection and quantification were estimated as 1.2 and 3.5 ng/ml, respectively. Precision and accuracy obtained in intra-assay studies were in the ranges of 1.3-8.7 and 1.7-19.5%, respectively, using control samples containing 6, 16 and 60 ng/ml of perphenazine. In inter-assay experiments, precision ranged from 4.3 to 14.9% and accuracy from 3.1 to 11.8%. Examples of the application of the perphenazine quantification method in otter urines after administration of perphenazine enanthate are presented.

Liquid chromatographic assay of phenothiazine, thioxanthene and butyrophenone neuroleptics and antihistamines in blood and plasma with conventional and radial compression columns and UV and electrochemical detection

An assay strategy for determining a wide range of phenothiazine, thioxanthene and butyrophenone neuroleptics and antihistamines both alone and in combination in blood and plasma is described. The general method employs liquid chromatography with both conventional and radial compression nitrile bonded columns. Detection is by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry or by amperometry depending on the concentrations to be measured. Ultraviolet absorption is suitable down to 10 ng/ml. Below this level amperometry is preferable. The various compounds are used as internal standards for each other. The lower limit of detection is approximately 0.1 ng ml-1 with 10-ml sample. The with-run coefficient of variation is a maximum of 7.3%.

Stability of amitriptyline hydrochloride in a commercial aqueous solution

A commercial amitriptyline hydrochloride solution was stored at 80 degrees for up to 3 months. High-performance liquid chromatography showed no evidence of amitriptyline hydrochloride degradation. The method also indicated that two reported degradates, 3-(propa-1,3-dienyl)-1,2;4,5-dibenzocyclohepta-1,4-diene and dibenzosuberone, were present at levels less than 0.1% (the detection limit of the method) under the storage conditions. The stability of the commercial solutions is attributed to their relatively low ratio of headspace oxygen to amitriptyline hydrochloride.

Simple preparation of a bonded cation-exchange packing material and its application to the separation of phenothiazines by high-performance liquid chromatography

A method for introducing sulphonic acid groups on to a microparticulate silica is described. This involves formation of a mercaptopropyl bonded phase followed by oxidation to the corresponding sulphonic acid. The packing material so prepared displays cation-exchange properties and has been used to separate phenothiazines.

Simultaneous determination of reserpine and hydrochlorothiazide in two-component tablet formulations by high-performance liquid chromatography

A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure is presented for the simultaneous determination of reserpine and hydrochlorothiazide in two-component tablet formulations. An aliquot of a tetrahydrofuran extract of the tablet, containing polylythiazide as an internal standard, is chromatographed on a microparticulate silica gel column using a mobile phase of 0.01% (v/v) diethylamine, 5% (v/v) chloroform, and 18% (v/v) 2-propanol in n-hexane. The relative standard deviations are 1.2 and 0.6% for the simultaneous determination of reserpine and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively. Seven commericial tablet formulations were found to contain 92.7--101.0% and 98.3--101.4% of the labeled amounts of reserpine and hydrochlorothiazide, respectively.