von Borstel Smith M, Crofoot K, Rodriguez-Proteau R, Filtz TM. Effects of phenytoin and carbamazepine on calcium transport in Caco-2 cells.
Toxicol In Vitro 2007;
21:855-62. [PMID:
17412555 DOI:
10.1016/j.tiv.2007.02.008]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adverse effects of anti-seizure/anti-epileptic medications on bone density have been observed and reported since the early 1960s. Phenytoin and carbamazepine are two commonly prescribed anti-epileptic drugs most frequently associated with osteomalacia including fractures, bone demineralization, and reduced bone formation. The mechanism by which anti-epileptic drugs induce bone loss is not fully explained. We hypothesized that anti-epileptic drugs may impair dietary calcium absorption in the intestine. Using Caco-2 cells, a model transport system for study of the function of the intestinal epithelium, we determined the effects of several anti-epileptic drugs on intestinal epithelial calcium transport. In our system, phenytoin and carbamazepine dose-dependently inhibit active calcium transport from the apical to basolateral side of Caco-2 cells under physiologic calcium conditions. Vitamin D ameliorates the anti-epileptic drug-induced decrease in calcium permeability.
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