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Asadi M, Ghorbani SH, Mahdavian L, Aghamohammadi M. Graphene-based hybrid composites for cancer diagnostic and therapy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:611. [PMID: 38956651 PMCID: PMC11218089 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of graphene-based nanocomposites for therapeutic and diagnostic reasons has advanced considerably in recent years due to advancements in the synthesis and design of graphene-based nanocomposites, giving rise to a new field of nano-cancer diagnosis and treatment. Nano-graphene is being utilized more often in the field of cancer therapy, where it is employed in conjunction with diagnostics and treatment to address the complex clinical obstacles and problems associated with this life-threatening illness. When compared to other nanomaterials, graphene derivatives stand out due to their remarkable structural, mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermal capabilities. The high specific surface area of these materials makes them useful as carriers in controlled release systems that respond to external stimuli; these compounds include drugs and biomolecules like nucleic acid sequences (DNA and RNA). Furthermore, the presence of distinctive sheet-like nanostructures and the capacity for photothermal conversion have rendered graphene-based nanocomposites highly favorable for optical therapeutic applications, including photothermal treatment (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and theranostics. This review highlights the current state and benefits of using graphene-based nanocomposites in cancer diagnosis and therapy and discusses the obstacles and prospects of their future development. Then we focus on graphene-based nanocomposites applications in cancer treatment, including smart drug delivery systems, PTT, and PDT. Lastly, the biocompatibility of graphene-based nanocomposites is also discussed to provide a unique overview of the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Asadi
- Department of Chemistry, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
| | | | - Leila Mahdavian
- Department of Chemistry, Doroud Branch, Islamic Azad University, Doroud, Iran.
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Mai S, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles and Organoids: A Prospective Advanced Model for Pancreatic Cancer Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1066. [PMID: 38256139 PMCID: PMC10817028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, notorious for its grim 10% five-year survival rate, poses significant clinical challenges, largely due to late-stage diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. This review delves into the generation of organoids, including those derived from resected tissues, biopsies, pluripotent stem cells, and adult stem cells, as well as the advancements in 3D printing. It explores the complexities of the tumor microenvironment, emphasizing culture media, the integration of non-neoplastic cells, and angiogenesis. Additionally, the review examines the multifaceted properties of graphene oxide (GO), such as its mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, and optical attributes, and their implications in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. GO's unique properties facilitate its interaction with tumors, allowing targeted drug delivery and enhanced imaging for early detection and treatment. The integration of GO with 3D cultured organoid systems, particularly in pancreatic cancer research, is critically analyzed, highlighting current limitations and future potential. This innovative approach has the promise to transform personalized medicine, improve drug screening efficiency, and aid biomarker discovery in this aggressive disease. Through this review, we offer a balanced perspective on the advancements and future prospects in pancreatic cancer research, harnessing the potential of organoids and GO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
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Grilli F, Hajimohammadi Gohari P, Zou S. Characteristics of Graphene Oxide for Gene Transfection and Controlled Release in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6802. [PMID: 35743245 PMCID: PMC9224565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalized graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles are being increasingly employed for designing modern drug delivery systems because of their high degree of functionalization, high surface area with exceptional loading capacity, and tunable dimensions. With intelligent controlled release and gene silencing capability, GO is an effective nanocarrier that permits the targeted delivery of small drug molecules, antibodies, nucleic acids, and peptides to the liquid or solid tumor sites. However, the toxicity and biocompatibility of GO-based formulations should be evaluated, as these nanomaterials may introduce aggregations or may accumulate in normal tissues while targeting tumors or malignant cells. These side effects may potentially be impacted by the dosage, exposure time, flake size, shape, functional groups, and surface charges. In this review, the strategies to deliver the nucleic acid via the functionalization of GO flakes are summarized to describe the specific targeting of liquid and solid breast tumors. In addition, we describe the current approaches aimed at optimizing the controlled release towards a reduction in GO accumulation in non-specific tissues in terms of the cytotoxicity while maximizing the drug efficacy. Finally, the challenges and future research perspectives are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Grilli
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (F.G.); (P.H.G.)
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Parisa Hajimohammadi Gohari
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (F.G.); (P.H.G.)
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Shan Zou
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (F.G.); (P.H.G.)
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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Yu Y, Wang X, Zhang H, Cao Z, Wu H, Jia B, Yang JJ, Qu X, Qin M. Large-scale synthesis of ultrafine Fe 3C nanoparticles embedded in mesoporous carbon nanosheets for high-rate lithium storage. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6508-6514. [PMID: 35424622 PMCID: PMC8981923 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08516f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe3C modified by the incorporation of carbon materials offers excellent electrical conductivity and interfacial lithium storage, making it attractive as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries. In this work, we describe a time- and energy-saving approach for the large-scale preparation of Fe3C nanoparticles embedded in mesoporous carbon nanosheets (Fe3C-NPs@MCNSs) by solution combustion synthesis and subsequent carbothermal reduction. Fe3C nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼5 nm were highly crystallized and compactly dispersed in mesoporous carbon nanosheets with a pore-size distribution of 3–5 nm. Fe3C-NPs@MCNSs exhibited remarkable high-rate lithium storage performance with discharge specific capacities of 731, 647, 481, 402 and 363 mA h g−1 at current densities of 0.1, 1, 2, 5 and 10 A g−1, respectively, and when the current density reduced back to 0.1 A g−1 after 45 cycles, the discharge specific capacity could perfectly recover to 737 mA h g−1 without any loss. The unique structure could promote electron and Li-ion transfer, create highly accessible multi-channel reaction sites and buffer volume variation for enhanced cycling and good high-rate lithium storage performance. Fe3C modified by the incorporation of carbon materials offers excellent electrical conductivity and interfacial lithium storage, making it attractive as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- China United Test & Certification Co., Ltd, China
- GRINM Group Corporation Limited, China
| | - Xuanli Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongkun Zhang
- China United Test & Certification Co., Ltd, China
- GRINM Group Corporation Limited, China
| | - Zhiqin Cao
- College of Vanadium and Titanium, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua 617000, China
| | - Haoyang Wu
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baorui Jia
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Jun Yang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuanhui Qu
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mingli Qin
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Graphene-based materials: A new tool to fight against breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120644. [PMID: 33964335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among women population on a global scale, with a huge number of new cases and deaths each year. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of literatures on the discovery and development of novel anti-breast cancer drugs and materials, aiming to increase the survival rate of breast cancer patients. One of the newest tools used for the therapy of breast cancer is graphene-based materials, which have ultra-high surface area as well as unique physical, chemical and mechanical properties. It is reported that graphene-based materials could induce apoptosis in cancer cells while showing low toxicity due to their carbon structure. Therefore, they can be used as nano-drugs or biological carriers to introduce small molecules such as nucleic acids, drugs, or photosensitizers into the human body to achieve treatment goals. This article introduces the synthetic methods for graphene-based materials, as well as the current status and the future prospects of graphene-based materials' application in the treatment of breast cancer.
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