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Lee J, González-Vega JC, Htoo JK, Nyachoti CM. Evaluating the standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement of 7- to 15-kg weanling pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based diets. Animal 2021; 15:100127. [PMID: 33573992 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Continued genetic improvement necessitates the verification of nutrient requirements for newly developed pig genotypes. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) requirement of 7- to 15-kg weanling pigs (TN70 × TN Tempo; Topigs Norsvin) fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet. A total of 144 piglets with an initial BW of 6.51 ± 0.56 kg (mean ± SD) were assigned to one of six diets using a randomized complete block design based on BW to give eight replicate pens with three pigs per pen. The six diets contained 1.00, 1.16, 1.32, 1.48, 1.64, and 1.80% SID Lys, achieved by adding crystalline l-Lys·HCl at the expense of cornstarch. Other indispensable amino acids were provided to meet the requirements. Piglets had free access to diets and water for 21 days. Individual BW of pigs and feed disappearance were recorded weekly and blood samples were collected on day 1, 14, and 21. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake were not affected by dietary SID Lys content during the first 7 days. However, the addition of dietary SID Lys quadratically increased (P < 0.05) gain:feed (G:F) during the first 7 days of the experiment. A quadratic increase (P < 0.05) was found in both ADG and G:F when SID Lys content increased in the diets from day 14 to 21. During the overall experimental period, increasing dietary Lys content quadratically increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F, whereas plasma urea nitrogen quadratically decreased (P < 0.05) as SID Lys content increased. The SID Lys requirements were estimated for linear and quadratic broken-line models. In conclusion, the SID Lys requirement for optimal growth performance of 7- to 15-kg weanling pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based diets based on linear and quadratic broken-line models were 1.27% (95% confidence interval (CI): [1.01, 1.53]) and 1.30% (95% CI: [0.94, 1.66]) for ADG and 1.27% (95% CI: [1.14, 1.40]) and 1.43% (95% CI: [1.11, 1.75]) for G:F, respectively, thus giving an overall average value of 1.32%.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lee
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | | | - J K Htoo
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - C M Nyachoti
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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Shen J, Mu C, Wang H, Huang Z, Yu K, Zoetendal EG, Zhu W. Stimulation of Gastric Transit Function Driven by Hydrolyzed Casein Increases Small Intestinal Carbohydrate Availability and Its Microbial Metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000250. [PMID: 32945612 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) functions affect gut nutrient flow and microbial metabolism. Dietary peptides modulate GI functions and improve small intestinal health, but the mechanism remains elusive. This study aims to investigate whether dietary peptides affect small intestinal microbial metabolism, and the underlying mechanisms. An ileal-cannulated pig model is adopted to explore the relationship between gut nutrient flow and microbial metabolism after treatment with hydrolyzed casein (peptides) or intact casein (Control)-based diet. The results demonstrate that hydrolyzed casein enhances microbial carbohydrate metabolism with higher Streptococcus abundance and higher lactate level in the ileum. Meanwhile, hydrolyzed casein increases ileal flows of nutrients, especially carbohydrate, leading to a higher carbohydrate availability in ileal digesta. To unveil the mechanisms, it is found that the hydrolyzed casein enhances the ghrelin signal and improves development of interstitial cells of Cajal and muscular layer in gastric corpus, indicating the enhanced upper GI transit function. In addition, hydrolyzed casein improves small intestinal health, as indicated by higher villus heights and luminal lactate concentrations in the jejunum and ileum. In conclusion, hydrolyzed casein stimulates upper GI transit function, enhances gut nutrient flow, and increases small intestinal carbohydrate availability and its microbial metabolism, which favor the small intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Shen
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunlong Mu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huisong Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zan Huang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kaifan Yu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6703 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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