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Verginelli D, Quarchioni C, Spinella K, La Rocca D, Bonini P, Fusco C, Misto M, Peddis S, Peroni L, Marchesi U. Comparative assessment of three commercial kits and in house optimized PCR assays for GMO screening in food and feed. MethodsX 2024; 13:102878. [PMID: 39188587 PMCID: PMC11345693 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Screening strategies for GMO detection in food and feed are a crucial aspect in GMO testing laboratories for streamlining the analytical workflow and reducing turnaround time and costs. These strategies can be more or less complex or even be targeted according to the ingredients in the product, but whatever the choice, a good basic approach is generally based on the search for 35S promoter (P35S), nos-terminator (T-nos) and FMV promoter (P-FMV). In this study, we compare the singleplex real time PCR method for P35S, T-nos and P-FMV detection currently adopted by the Italian National Reference Laboratory for GM food and feed (NRL) with three commercial kits available on the market for giving a greater choice to consider the best approach suitable to the official control laboratories that are different from each other.•The NRL optimized singleplex PCR methods and the three commercial kits fully respect all the validation parameters criteria according to the minimum performance requirements (MPR) of ENGL [1]•Screening strategies for GMO detection in food and feed are a crucial aspect in GMO testing laboratories and being the commercial kits different from each other, the laboratory can choose the methods best suit their needs reducing turnaround time and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Verginelli
- National Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed, GMO Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “Mariano Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Quarchioni
- National Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed, GMO Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “Mariano Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Spinella
- National Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed, GMO Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “Mariano Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide La Rocca
- National Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed, GMO Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “Mariano Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Bonini
- National Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed, GMO Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “Mariano Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Fusco
- National Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed, GMO Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “Mariano Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
| | - Marisa Misto
- National Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed, GMO Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “Mariano Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Peddis
- National Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed, GMO Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “Mariano Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorella Peroni
- National Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed, GMO Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “Mariano Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Marchesi
- National Reference Laboratory for GM Food and Feed, GMO Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “Mariano Aleandri”, Rome, Italy
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Beheshti Zadeh R, Safaeian S, Moslemi E, Mosavi Nadushen R, Esfahani K. Monitoring of Infant Formula and Baby Food for the Pat and NOS Terminator of Genetically Modified Maize and Soybean by Real-time PCR in Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e126921. [PMID: 36060903 PMCID: PMC9420218 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-126921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean and maize are the most cultivated genetically modified (GM) plants. Because of the increase in the imports of GM products to Iran, infant formula and baby food, which is consumed by babies during their first month of life, can also contain soybean and maize. It has become fundamental to screen these types of products. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate the GM corn and soybean in baby food and infant formula using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). METHODS A total of 60 baby food and infant formulas were collected randomly from the local drugstores in Tehran. Genomic DNA was extracted from all samples, then by real-time PCR detection, tested Pat/NOS. Internal control genes zein and lectin were used for maize and soybean, respectively. RESULTS Results showed that 5% of infant formulas and 5% of baby food, two Iranian and one imported baby food, and two imported and one Iranian infant formula were positive for pat. However, NOS was detected in none of the samples. The results showed positive results for the presence of the pat gene in the products without an appropriate label. CONCLUSIONS This article provides evidence of GM maize and soybean presence in baby food and infant formula in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Beheshti Zadeh
- Department of Food Science, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shila Safaeian
- Department of Food Science, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Moslemi
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kasra Esfahani
- Department of Plant Bioproducts, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IAB), National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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Long L, Xing Z, He Y, Yan W, Li C, Xia W, Dong L, Zhao N, Ma Y, Xie Y, Liu N, Li F. Establishment and Validation of Reference Genes of Brassica napus L. for Digital PCR Detection of Genetically Modified Canola. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162535. [PMID: 36010535 PMCID: PMC9407334 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As an effective tool for genetically modified organism (GMO) quantification in complex matrices, digital PCR (dPCR) has been widely used for the quantification of genetically modified (GM) canola events; however, little is known about the quantification of GM canola events using endogenous reference gene (ERG) characteristics by dPCR. To calculate and quantify the content of GM canola using endogenous reference gene (ERG) characteristics, the suitability of several ERGs of canola, such as cruciferin A (CruA), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (BnAcc), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP), cruciferin storage (BnC1), oleoyl hydrolase (Fat(A)), and high-mobility-group protein I/Y (HMG-I/Y), was investigated by droplet dPCR. BnAcc and BnC1 were more specific and stable in copy number in the genome of Brassica napus L. than the other genes. By performing intra-laboratory validation of the suitability of ERG characteristics for the quantification of GM canola events, the ddPCR methods for BnAcc and BnC1 were comprehensively demonstrated in dPCR assays. The methods could provide technical support for GM labeling regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Feiwu Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-8507-1386
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Chen X, Yu H, Wang P, Peng C, Wang X, Xu X, Xu J, Liang J, Li L. Digital PCR-Based Characterization of a g10evo-epsps Gene-Specific Matrix Reference Material for Its Food and Feed Detection. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131888. [PMID: 35804704 PMCID: PMC9266130 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
g10evo-epsps is a novel glyphosate herbicide-resistant gene that has been transferred to various crops such as soybean, corn, cotton, and rice. Here, we developed a gene-specific digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (dPCR) detection method for absolute quantitative analysis of g10evo-epsps, and characterized g10evo-epsps certified reference materials (CRM) using ZUTS-33 soybean powder as the candidate material. Stability tests of matrix CRMs demonstrate that these CRMs can be stored stably for 6 months and transported for 10 days at room temperature and withstand summer high temperatures (below 60 °C). CRM characterization is based on the copy number ratio of g10evo-epsps to lectin. Eight qualified laboratories independently validated the CRM using dPCR method, with a measurement of 0.98 (copy/copy) and an extended uncertainty of 0.08 (copy/copy). The g10evo-epsps matrix CRM described here may be used for qualitative and quantitative testing, method evaluation, laboratory quality control, and other related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.C.); (C.P.); (X.W.); (X.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Huiru Yu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321001, China;
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.C.); (C.P.); (X.W.); (X.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Xiaofu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.C.); (C.P.); (X.W.); (X.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.C.); (C.P.); (X.W.); (X.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Junfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.C.); (C.P.); (X.W.); (X.X.); (J.X.)
| | - Jingang Liang
- Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100176, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (L.L.)
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Wang C, Huang C, Zhu P, Du Z, Wei S, Fu W. Applicability of a General Analytical Approach for Detection of Genetically Modified Organisms: Collaborative Trial. J AOAC Int 2021; 105:476-482. [PMID: 34927696 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the commercialization of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the market, laboratories have undergone a significantly increased workload. A universal analytical approach was designed to achieve cost-efficient and high-throughput GMOs screening with high specificity and accuracy. The approach provides accurate qualification of authorized and unauthorized GMOs. OBJECTIVE This paper describes the assessment of this analytical approach developed to detect majority of commercialized GMOs over the world. METHODS Seven elements and three events were detected by qPCR in a single laboratory to detect 59 commercialized GMOs. Certificated reference materials and food/feed samples from Chinese market were also evaluated for the specificity, conformity and robustness of this approach and were challenged in the inter-laboratory study. RESULTS The results showed that elements and events selected can best detect GMO presence with good specificity and sensitivity. The results showed a concordance between 97.5% and 99.56% and the variance between 0.65% and 12.88%, which is in line with the minimum requirement of analytical methods of GMO testing. CONCLUSION The approach validated here can be used to manipulate GMO presence in food and feed and showed the capacity to manipulate GMOs trace in the trade and domestic agriculture grocery in China. HIGHLIGHTS A universal analytical approach used to track GMO presence was evaluated for its specificity, sensitivity and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Chunmeng Huang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China.,College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Pengyu Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Zhixin Du
- Technical Center of Nanning Customs District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021 China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Inspection and Quarantine Technology Centre of China Customs, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510623 China
| | - Wei Fu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China.,College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
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Long L, Yan W, He Y, Dong L, Xing Z, Li C, Xia W, Li F. Development of a Duplex Digital PCR Method to Quantify Five Genetically Modified Soybean Events. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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