Positive effect of compound amino acid chelated calcium from the shell and skirt of scallop in an ovariectomized rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis

Novel microbial fermentation for the preparation of iron-chelating scallop skirts peptides-its profile, identification, and possible binding mode

Iron chelating peptides have been widely utilized as iron supplements due to their excellent absorption capacity, However, the high cost and cumbersome manufacturing process of these peptides significantly limit their industrial application. In this study, fermentation was used for the first time to prepare iron chelating peptides. Bacillus altitudinis 3*1-3 was selected as the most suitable strain from 50 strains. The hydrolysates of fermented scallop skirts showed excellent iron-chelating capacity (9.39 mg/g). Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and histidine are crucial for the binding of peptides to ferrous ions. The heptapeptide (FEDPEFE) forms six binding bonds with ferrous irons. Compared with ferrous sulfate, peptide-ferrous chelate showed more stability in salt solution and simulated gastrointestinal juice (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the fermentation method could save >50% of the cost compared with the enzymatic method. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of ferrous-chelated peptides using the fermentation method.

A comprehensive review and advanced biomolecule-based therapies for osteoporosis

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of osteoporosis (OP) on a global scale is significantly elevated that causes life threatening issues. The potential of groundbreaking biomolecular therapeutics in the field of OP is highly encouraging. The administration of biomolecular agents has the potential to mitigate the process of bone demineralization while concurrently augmenting the regenerative capacity of bone tissue, thereby facilitating a personalized therapeutic approach. Biomolecules-based therapies showed promising results in term of bone mass protection and restoration in OP.

AIM OF REVIEW

We summarized the recent biomolecular therapies with notable progress in clinical, demonstrating the potential to transform illness management. These treatments frequently utilize different biomolecule based strategies. Biomolecular therapeutics has a targeted character, which results in heightened specificity and less off-target effects, ultimately leading to increased patient outcomes. These aspects have the capacity to greatly enhance the management of OP, thus resulting in a major enhancement in the quality of life encountered by individuals affected by this condition.

Study on the Changes of Bone Calcium during the Fermentation of Bone Powders with Different Fermenters

Two fermenters, Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) and the active dry yellow wine yeast (HY), were utilized to ferment cattle bones in order to release calcium. The influences of fermenters and the fermentation process on the calcium release capacity, particle properties, morphology, and chemical composition of bone powders were assessed, and the underlying mechanism was discussed. The results showed that LA had a better capacity of acid production than yeast, and therefore released more calcium during the fermentation of bone powders. The released calcium in the fermentation broth mainly existed in the forms of free Ca2+ ions, organic acid-bound calcium and a small amount of calcium-peptide chelate. For bone powders, the fermentation induced swollen bone particles, increased particle size, and significant changes of the internal chemical structure. Therefore, fermentation has a great potential in the processing of bone-derived products, particularly to provide new ideas for the development of calcium supplement products.

Metabolic bone disorders and the promise of marine osteoactive compounds

Metabolic bone disorders and associated fragility fractures are major causes of disability and mortality worldwide and place an important financial burden on the global health systems. These disorders result from an unbalance between bone anabolic and resorptive processes and are characterized by different pathophysiological mechanisms. Drugs are available to treat bone metabolic pathologies, but they are either poorly effective or associated with undesired side effects that limit their use. The molecular mechanism underlying the most common metabolic bone disorders, and the availability, efficacy, and limitations of therapeutic options currently available are discussed here. A source for the unmet need of novel drugs to treat metabolic bone disorders is marine organisms, which produce natural osteoactive compounds of high pharmaceutical potential. In this review, we have inventoried the marine osteoactive compounds (MOCs) currently identified and spotted the groups of marine organisms with potential for MOC production. Finally, we briefly examine the availability of in vivo screening and validation tools for the study of MOCs.

Dietary Effects of Nanopowder Eggshells on Mineral Contents, Bone Turnover Biomarkers, and Regulators of Bone Resorption in Healthy Rats and Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis Rat Model

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a critical issue for female health worldwide. This current study was designed to evaluate the role of nanopowder eggshell (NPES) in healthy and ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis rats. Fifty-six female rats were divided into healthy rats (35) and ovariectomized rats (21). The healthy rats were subdivided into five groups (G1-G5) and received one of the following treatments: saline, 20 or 40 mg/kg of calcium carbonate, and 20 or 40 mg/kg of NPES. The 21 ovariectomized rats were divided into three groups (G6-G8) and received either saline, 40 mg/kg of calcium carbonate, or 40 mg/kg of NPES. Biochemical and histopathological assessments of bone formation and resorption were performed. Biomarkers of bone formation (calcium and osteocalcin (OCN)) and calcium content in left femur ashes were significantly higher in healthy rats given 40-mg/kg NPES than in healthy control rats and healthy rats given 40-mg/kg calcium carbonate. The ovariectomized groups had significantly lower levels of vitamin D3, OCN, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) than the healthy control. Alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) were significantly increased in the ovariectomized group than in the healthy control group. Treatment with NPES and calcium carbonate reduced liver enzymes in ovariectomized rats. NPES treatment significantly increased Vit D3, OCN, OPG, and bone ash mineral content (calcium, magnesium, zinc, and phosphorus) in ovariectomized rats. NPES also increased femur cortical thickness, osteoblast number, and collagen fiber. The current study suggests that NPES can modulate bone turnover biomarkers and increase bone trace elements. Moreover, NPES alleviates bone resorption in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis.

The bone-protective benefits of amino-conjugated calcium in an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model

Low bone density, fragility, and microarchitectural disintegration are the symptoms of osteoporosis. An imbalance between bone growth and resorption can lead to osteoporosis. This study evaluated the effects of amino-calcium (AC) on bone protection in ovariectomized control group (NC) rats. Amino-calcium (AC) was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses (NMR). After determining the biocompatibility of amino-calcium (AC) with MC3T3-E1 cells, alkaline phosphatase staining revealed significant changes on day 7. Three of the four groups underwent ovariectomy, whereas one group received a placebo. On micro-computed tomography, in vivo, data showed increased bone volume fraction in the femoral head and shaft areas in the amino-calcium (AC) group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed a bone mass and architectural protection in the amino-calcium (AC) group compared with the calcium carbonate and OVX control group. RNA sequencing analysis revealed high expression of osteogenesis-related genes in MC3T3-E1 cells. RNA sequencing revealed a significant fold change in the expression of integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP), bone gamma-carboxyglutamate proteins 1 and 2(BGLAP1 and BGLAP2), and periostin (POSTN). The study concluded that supplementing the OVX rats with calcium enhanced bone protection.

Functional yogurt fermented by two-probiotics regulates blood lipid and weight in a high-fat diet mouse model

We investigated the blood lipid regulation effects and mechanism of a functional Natto yogurt in a high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia mouse model. Natto yogurt was characteristically fermented by Bacillus natto and Lactobacillus plantarum with milk-soy dual protein as substrates. After 5 weeks of Natto yogurt consumption, the body weight, fat, and liver weight of mice were significantly improved, while serum levels of TG, TC, LDL, ALT, TBIL, and TBA were reduced. Natto yogurt significantly decreased the area of liver fat infiltration and the number of lipid droplets. In mechanism, we found that Natto yogurt can inhibit fatty acid synthesis and enhance fatty acid catabolism by regulating the expression of PPARα, PPARγ, CD36 and FAS in the liver. Moreover, Natto yogurt increased the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes in the intestine. These results provide a possibility for Natto yogurt as a dual protein functional food to prevent and treat hyperlipidemia and obesity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Traditional-fermented yogurt promotes nutritional absorption and reduces blood pressure and fat, while Bacillus natto and its fermented food have been proved to play a significant role in improving cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and obesity. Therefore, we developed a new dual protein functional yogurt (Natto yogurt) fermented by B. natto and Lactobacillus plantarum with milk and soy as substrates. We found that Natto yogurt could notably regulate blood lipid by inhibiting the synthesis of fatty acids, accelerating the catabolism of fatty acids, reducing liver damage, and increasing the abundance of beneficial intestinal microorganisms. This study suggested that Natto yogurt could improve hyperlipidemia and obesity as a safe, effective, and healthy functional food.